Emergence of the Animal Emergence of the Animal KingdomKingdom

Or “Rise of the Chordates”Phylum Chordata

Leading toSubphylum Vertebrata

Chordates include the following:

1.1. FishFish

2.2. ReptilesReptiles

3.3. AmphibiansAmphibians

4.4. BirdsBirds

5.5. MammalsMammals

ChordatesChordates– 4 characteristics

1. notochord - support

2. post-anal tail

3. pharyngeal gill slits

4. dorsal hollow nerve cord

Chordate Characteristics

Gills in Humans! – check it out

Tunicates are Chordates!Sea Squirts

• sponge like - filter feeder

•larva free swimming, bilateral with all Chordate traits

• Lancets (a primitive fish like organism) closely resembles the idealized chordate.– The notochord, dorsal nerve cord, numerous gill

slits, and post-anal tail all persist in the adult

Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

“Ontogency Recapituates Evolution”

Evolution Playing out in Fetus…

(all these Chordates (birds, mammals, reptiles, fish, have

strikingly similar Embryonic Development)

Chp 33 – Rise of the Mammals

• Definition of a Mammal:

1. Homoeothermic – meaning that mammals produce their own body heat

2. Mammary tissue - for the production of Milk

3. Hair Follicles - for the production of Hair

4. Generally, internal fertilization and harboring of young, however, this is only a generality because not all young are “cooked” to term internally.

Monotremes – an Order of Class Mammalia

Monotremes

eg. The Platypus, which has a BILL, lays EGGS, but still has mammary glands and produces MILK for young. This suggests a relationship between REPTILES, BIRDS and mammals. Imagine that?

Marsupials

– eg. The Kangaroo, which is a non-placental mammal. Here, the development of the young is very complex, and a baby kangaroo is born very “uncooked”, and must crawl into the mother’s pouch and latch onto a nipple to receive milk to continue development. You might say, baby Kangaroos or “Joey’s” get a womb with a view

Kangaroo Birth

17 Weeks

Placental Mammals

– eg. You – well if you’re female, anyway. Internal Fertilization development of young to a highly Advanced stage.

The Placenta is Key

In Mammals, all the Major Body Systems are online and advanced

Skeletal System

Muscular System

Advanced Circulatory System

Respiratory System

Nervous System is online and advanced!

Excretory System – ooo look, Kidneys!

Endocrine System – Controls you Hormones

Lots of Mammals in the Simpsons

Lastly, we can Learn Important Lessons from Mammals like Homer