Emergence of Order After the fall of Rome in Europe

Germanic Kingdoms Germanic

kingdoms began popping up all over the western portion of the old Roman Empire.

Western Europe experienced time of chaos, disorder, and darkness under Germanic rule

Germanic Destruction Learning nearly

disappeared in the barbarian West

Most people grew up illiterate

Only the Catholic Church provided hope or security for the people.

Germanic Society Only Germanic Kingdom

to last long were the Franks (area of France today) led by Clovis who had converted to Christianity around 500 winning himself support from the Roman Catholic Church

Germans and Romans intermarried creating a new society with new customs

Extended families center of German society living together and working together

Germanic Justice German concept of

family affected crime and punishment

Germanic laws were personal and often led to blood shed

Wergild (money for a man) wrongdoers literally paid for their crimes

Ordeal-physical trial based on divine intervention

                                                       

The Church End of the 4th

century Christianity is the supreme religion of the Roman Empire.

The church develops a system of organization

Organization of the Church

Pope-leader of the Catholic Church

Archbishop-leader of multiple bishops

Bishop-leader of a group of parishes

Pope had various powers and would later become involved in politics (Pope Gregory I)

                                

Monks

Monasteries begin popping up

Monks isolated themselves concentrating on work and prayer.

Charlemagne Frankish king from 768-

814. Strong warrior and

statesmen Strongly supported

learning even though he was illiterate

Expanded Frankish Kingdom creating the Carolingian Empire

800 crowned emperor of Rome symbolizing coming together Christian Rome and the Germanics.

                                                                

Empire Falls Charlemagne’s

empire falls apart after his death in 814

Various groups invade including Muslims, Magyars, and Vikings

                                      

Feudalism

Invaders caused a threat to people Aristocrats and nobles expected to provide

protection Leads to political and social idea of feudalism

                           

Feudalism Germanic society used the idea of

vassalage Man who served a lord militarily was a

vassal Wealth based on landownership so when

nobles wanted men to fight for them they granted them a fief

Vassal would have political authority over fief and be responsible for keeping order

Feudal contracts determined the relationship between lord and vassal

Feudal ObligationsVassal to Lord: military service, advice, financial obligation

Lord to Vassal: land grant, protect him militarily and in court

England in the Middle Ages

Anglo-Saxon kings ruled England up until the 9th century

1066 William of Normandy defeats King Harold of England at Battle Hastings

William crowned king of England and slowly merges the Norman and Saxon cultures

William of Normandy William develops

system of taxation and royal courts (Domesday Book)

Domesday Book first census taken since Roman times

King Henry II (1154-1189) Strengthened the

English Monarchy and expanded royal courts power

Courts all over the land so created a body of common law

Believed he had the right to punish clergy as well

Archbishop Thomas a Becket disagreed and was later killed

Death of Becket caused public outrage so Henry backed off

Magna Carta 1215 Over time kings

powers kept growing 1215 nobles rebel

against King John King John forced to

sign Magna Carta or Great Charter

Magna Carta limits the power of the monarch and would lead to the creation of the English Parliament under King Edward I (1st Rep. Gov. in England)

House of Lords and House of Commons (taxes/passed laws)

House of lords-nobles/clergy House of Commons-Knights

and peasants