EME and Fatiigue Project - AAPA Q · 4 cm BBMa 4 cm BBM 10 cm EME 2 9 cm EME 2 4 cm BBMa 4 cm BBM...
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Transcript of EME and Fatiigue Project - AAPA Q · 4 cm BBMa 4 cm BBM 10 cm EME 2 9 cm EME 2 4 cm BBMa 4 cm BBM...
Fuels
Highmodulusasphaltmixes
• DevelopedinFranceduringtheearlyeighties toreducepavement
thicknessesandlater(inthenineties)tostrengthenbinderand wearing
courses.
• EME=‘EnrobesaModuleElevé’ forroadbases
• BBME=“Betons Bitumineux aModuleElevé’ forsurfaceandbinder
courses
Fuels
MainEME&BBMEperformancerequirements
• Highstiffnessandfatigueresistanceatpavementdesigntemperature
• Highruttingresistanceathighservicetemperature
• Sufficientresistancetothermalcracking(BBME)
• Goodworkability
⇒Resultedinfirstsetofperformancedrivenspecificationsin1992
⇒Specialhardbitumengradesareoneofthekeycomponents
Fuels
Perform
ance of binder and asphalt m
ix
Added value
Standard Bitumen Special Bitumen
NPG
Multigrades
Polymer
Modified
Bitumen
Hard Bitumen Grades
Hardbitumen grades
Fuels
Hardbitumengrades
• ForEMEgenerallypurebitumenofverylowPenetration(10/20- 15/25))
• Requiredcharacteristicsarecompromisebetweenoptimisedmodulus,thermal
susceptibilityandageingresistance
• Onlyachievablethroughtailormaderefineryprocessesandformulations
• Manufacturedbydifferentrefineryprocesses
⇒ Chemicalcompositionandcolloidalstructurearestronglydependentonthe
manufacturingprocess
⇒ Rheologicalandageingpropertiescanvarywidely
• ForBBMEoftenhighlymodified(hard)PMBs
Fuels
Hardbitumengrades
InfluenceofPIandcomposition(i.e.colloidalinstability)onbehaviour
• PIandCI↑
− Resistancetolowtemperaturecracking↑
− EMEfatigueresistance↑
− EMEruttingresistance↑
− Ageingresistance↓
− Healingcapacityatambienttemperature↓
− EMEstiffness↓
ColloidalInstabilityIndex:
Saturates+Asphaltenes
Aromatics+Resins
Fuels
Perform
ance of binder and asphalt m
ix
Added value
Standard Bitumen Special Bitumen
20/30 - 160/220
35/45 HIP
Polymer
Modified
Bitumen
10/20 - 15/25
ProductPortfolioBPFrance
100 kT
50-100 kT
2,900 kT
200 kT
Fuels
• InitialStiffnesshasclearinfluenceonEpsilon6
• Thedependenceismuchmoreimportantforlowstiffnessvalues.
• AlmostnoinfluenceformixeswithconventionalbitumenorHSB
BPFatigueDatabaseCorrelationbetweenε6andinitialstiffness
Fuels
STATISTICS OF LCPC FATIGUE EPSILON 6 (µdef ) FOR THE GLOBAL DATA BASE
BINDER TYPEWAXY
BITUMENSPLASTOMERIC
HSBMULTIGRADES
PLASTOMERIC PMBs
NPGELASTOMERIC
PMBsHSB TOTAL
NUMBER 2 2 16 26 34 24 76 180MIN 134 171 135 135 83 115 105MEAN 157 171 172 195 109 187 146MAX 180 171 195 259 137 292 174STD 33 17 31 13 44 16
BPFatigueDatabaseInfluenceofbindertypeonε6
FuelsSTATISTICS OF LCPC FATIGUE EPSILON 6 (µdef ) FOR THE GLOBAL DATA BASE
BINDER TYPE EME1 EME2 GB BBMa BBME BBSG TOTAL
NUMBER 5 50 7 21 33 64 180MIN 90 108 83 97 103 91MEAN 112 145 101 172 147 169MAX 134 172 117 252 183 292STD 19 16 10 42 21 45
BPFatigueDatabaseInfluenceofasphaltmixtypeonε6
Béton Bitumineux Mince
Grave-Bitume
BétonBitumineux Semi-Grenu
Fuels
• Thebinderusedisthemostimportantfactor
• Predominanceofbindertypeoverasphaltmixformulation
BPFatigueDatabaseInfluenceofbinderandasphaltmixtype
Fuels
TwoEMEclasses
EMEclass2
• Firstgenerationappliedsince1980
• Continuousaggregategrading(0/10,0/14or0/20mm)
• Highbindercontent(typical5.2%)
EMEclass1
• Introducedin1988
• StillsmallpercentageoftheFrenchEMEmarket
• Continuousaggregategrading(0/10,0/14or0/20mm)
• Lowerbindercontent(typical3.9%)
• LowerdurabilityandresistancetofatiguethanEMEclass2
• Mainlyusedforlayersthatrequireaveryhighresistancetopermanent
deformation.
Fuels
OptimisingPavementThicknesswithBPStructur
4 cm BBMa
4 cm BBM
13 cm GB
13 cm GB
Subbase
13 cm EME 2
13 cm EME 2
4 cm BBMa
4 cm BBM
10 cm EME 2
9 cm EME 2
4 cm BBMa
4 cm BBM
Standard EME replaces GB
Optimised
- 7cm
8 cm EME 2
4 cm BBMa
4 cm BBM
59 568 cm EME 2
- 10 cm
Fully Optimised
4 cm BBMa
4 cm BBM
13 cm GB
13 cm GB
Subbase
13 cm EME 2
13 cm EME 2
4 cm BBMa
4 cm BBM
10 cm EME 2
9 cm EME 2
4 cm BBMa
4 cm BBM
Standard EME replaces GB
Optimised
- 7cm
8 cm EME 2
4 cm BBMa
4 cm BBM
59 568 cm EME 2
- 10 cm
Fully Optimised
4 cm BBMa
4 cm BBM
13 cm GB
13 cm GB
Subbase
13 cm EME 2
13 cm EME 2
4 cm BBMa
4 cm BBM
10 cm EME 2
9 cm EME 2
4 cm BBMa
4 cm BBM
Standard EME replaces GB
Optimised
- 7cm
8 cm EME 2
4 cm BBMa
4 cm BBM
59 568 cm EME 2
- 10 cm
Fully Optimised
EME mixtures with high
stiffness modulus and
reasonable resistance to
fatigue allow for thinner
pavement thicknesses
Fuels
ExperiencesanddevelopmentsEMEtechnology
Experiencesaregenerallypositive:
• VarioussurveysofEMEroadprojectshavereportedgoodperformance
• Onlyoneimportantcrackingfailurereportedduetoapplyingtoo hardHSB
(Pen=5).Productnowexcludedfromthemarket
• SuccessfulimplementationofEMEtechnologyinSwitzerland(HMT) intheearly
ninetieswithHSBimportedfromFrance
• SuccessfultechnologytransfertotheNetherlandsandtheUKinthelatenineties.
NochangeversusFrenchEMEformulationandoriginallyHSBimportedfrom
France
Developments
• UseofrecycledasphaltinEME(requestedbySANEFMotorwaysAgency)
• Trialswithupto50%ofrecycledasphalt
Fuels
EXPERIENCE WITH OPTIMISED HARD GRADE BITUMENS IN HIGH MODULUSASPHALT MIXES
P. DES CROIX, L.PLANQUEEuropean Technology Centre, ExxonMobil, Raffinerie PJG Bâtiment Scheer - Bloc 2, 76330 Notre Dame de Gravenchon,FRANCE
ABSTRACT
In the early nineteen eighties, new generations of French asphalt mixes were developed to reduce roadbase thicknessesand subsequently to strengthen some binder/base courses and selected wearing courses. High modulus asphalt mixes"EME" and "BBME" were introduced. To achieve the required performance (high stiffness; fatigue resistance; highrutting resistance; resistance to brittle thermal cracking; ageing resistance; workability;...), appropriate asphalt mixdesigns were found which resulted in the first set of performance-based specifications in 1992. Among the keycomponents were the hard special bitumen grades "HMB", mostly 10/20 and 15/25 penetration, with characteristics thatresulted in compromises between optimised thermal susceptibility and ageing resistance. This is only achievable throughtailor made refinery processes as illustrated with the evaluation of 2 extreme HMB with "SOL" and "GEL" type colloidalstructures. A review and recommendations to interpret the draft CEN prEN 13924 specifications for HMB are provided.The example of a successful implementation of the "EME" technology from France to another European country isdescribed, including the effect of recycled asphalt mix addition on "EME" performance.
Key words: Hard grade bitumens (10/20, 15/25), high modulus asphalt mixes (EME, BBME), performance testing,implementation of technology, recycling.
PaperE&E2004(Vienna)
Fuels
FatigueCollaborationProject
Partners
Eiffage Travaux Publics(ETP)
> MainofficeinParis
> AsphaltLabinCiry (NorthofFrance)andBitumenlabinLyon
> ContactFrancoisOlard
ENTPé inLyon
> ContactHerve di Benedetto
BPFrance/GFT-Bitumen
> ContactLucPlanque
Duration
Mai2010– August2013
Fuels
Mainobjectives
• Betterunderstandingofinfluenceofrecycledasphalt(RAP)on
asphaltfatigueperformance
• Betterunderstandingofinfluenceofbitumen/bitumen
propertiesonasphaltfatigueperformance
• Developmodeltopredictasphaltfatigueperformance
Fuels
Measuringbitumenfatigueperformance
Fatiguetestsatonestrainlevel
1,0E+07
1,0E+08
10 100 1000 10000
Time (s)
Stif
fnes
s M
odu
lus
(Pa)
Fuels
Measuringbitumenfatigueperformance
Cyclestoreach50%ofinitialstiffness
1,00E+04
1,00E+05
1,00E+06
1,00E+07
0,1 1,0 10,0
Strain [%]
Fatiq
ue
Life
[-]
Fuels
ThemeMixDesign
35/45 HIP5.30%Chaux éteinteDiscontinue 6/10CRBMélange 16
35/45 HIP4.30%Chaux éteinteContinueHaut-LieuMélange 15
35/45 HIP5.30%CalcaireDiscontinue 6/10Haut-LieuMélange 14
35/505.30%Chaux éteinteContinueCRBMélange 13
35/504.30%Chaux éteinteDiscontinue 6/10Haut-LieuMélange 12
35/504.30%CalcaireDiscontinue 6/10CRBMélange 11
35/45 HIP4.30%CalcaireContinueCRBMélange 10
35/505.30%CalcaireContinueHaut-LieuMélange 9
35/504.30%CalcaireContinueHaut-LieuMélange 8
35/505.30%CalcaireDiscontinue 6/10CRBMélange 7
35/504.30%Chaux éteinteContinueCRBMélange 6
35/45 HIP4.30%CalcaireDiscontinue 6/10Haut-LieuMélange 5
35/45 HIP5.30%CalcaireContinueCRBMélange 4
35/45 HIP5.30%Chaux éteinteContinueHaut-LieuMélange 3
35/505.30%Chaux éteinteDiscontinue 6/10Haut-LieuMélange 2
35/45 HIP4.30%Chaux éteinteDiscontinue 6/10CRBMélange 1
Nature liantTLNature fillerCourbe granulaireNature granulatN° Mélange
Fuels
ThemeBitumen
Oneasphaltmixture/8differentbinders:
- BPSTRUCTUR10/20S
- 35/50
- 35/50+2.5%SBS
- 35/50+4.5%SBS(HighVinylType)
- 35/50+2.0%PPA
- 35/45HIP
- 35/45HIP+2.5%SBS
- 100/150GEL+6.0%SBS
Fuels
…andissuestosolve
DefinitionofFatigueLifeCriteria
0
0.5
1
0 0.5 1 1.5
E*
/E0
N/Nf50%
0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
8000000
0 500000 1000000 1500000 2000000
ΣWi/Wn
N (cycles)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
0 500000 1000000 1500000 2000000
ϕ[°
]
N [cycles]