1. EMC / JOUR 3000INTRO TO MOTIONPICTURESEdward BowenLecture One - The Technical Dimension, Part 1

2. Technology of Motion PicturesCamera Obscura Take a big box into the sunlight. Get inside. Cut a small hole in one side. Stand clear. On the side opposite the hole you will see animage (reversed and upside down) of whatsoutside. You are in a camera obscura. Put a piece of film where the image is andexpose it. You are now in a camera. 3. Technology of Motion PicturesCamera Obscura 4. Technology of Motion PicturesCamera Obscura 5. Technology of Motion Pictures Camera Obscurahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RuJ_Jd6Qgyo 6. Technology of Motion PicturesPersistence of VisionThe concept that the eye retains one image justlong enough to blend it with a followingimage.This permits a sequence of still pictures toappear as one continuous action.Physiologists and neurologists have developedrevised theories for how we perceive motion(Beta Movement, Phi Phenomenon).The theory of persistence of vision still retainspopular acceptance. 7. Technology of Motion PicturesPersistence of Visionhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3veFqnnob0A 8. Technology of Motion Pictures Apparent Motionhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ulQ_vaBM0Q 9. Technology of Motion PicturesFilmOne medium on which motion picture images are recorded 10. Technology of Motion PicturesFilmOne medium on which motion picture images are recorded.Film is composed of many layers, two of whichare a base, and emulsion. 11. Technology of Motion PicturesFilm Base Cellulose, a synthetic plastic invented around 1870. Cellulose Nitrate, or Nitrate Film Cellulose Acetate, or Safety Film 12. Technology of Motion PicturesFilm Base Cellulose Nitrate, or Nitrate Film Unstable Highly flammable 13. Technology of Motion PicturesFilm Base Cellulose Nitrate, or Nitrate Film Unstable Highly flammable Made illegal in 1949 14. Technology of Motion PicturesFilm is not a permanent medium.About 80% of films made before 1920 no longerexist.About 50% of films made before 1950 no longerexist. 15. Technology of Motion PicturesFilm EmulsionThe layer of photo-sensitive chemicals that coats the film base 16. Technology of Motion Pictures Film Emulsion The layer of photo-sensitive chemicals (silverhalide) that coats the film basehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yJ5bf_GEW_o 17. Technology of Motion PicturesFilm Emulsion Black and White A single chemical layer renders only shades from black to white 18. Technology of Motion PicturesFilm Emulsion Black and White 19. Technology of Motion PicturesFilm Emulsion Black and White Color Comprised of three layers of emulsion: yellow, magenta, and cyan. Combined they render full color 20. Technology of Motion PicturesFilm Emulsion Black and White Color 21. Technology of Motion PicturesFilm Emulsion Black and White Color 22. Technology of Motion PicturesFilm Emulsion Black and White Color 23. Technology of Motion PicturesFilm Emulsion Black and White Color Two tone Technicolor 24. Technology of Motion PicturesFilm Emulsion Black and White Color Two tone TechnicolorThe Phantom of the Opera 1925http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hRuPzVXlcKM 25. Color - TemperatureWarm 26. Color - TemperatureWarm 27. Color - TemperatureWarm 28. Color - TemperatureWarm 29. Color - TemperatureCool 30. Color - TemperatureCool 31. Color - TemperatureCool 32. Color - Temperature 33. Color - Temperature 34. Color - Saturation 35. Technology of Motion PicturesFilm Emulsion Black and White Color Grain Visibility of individual particles of chemical coating 36. Technology of Motion PicturesFilm Emulsion Black and White Color Grain 37. Technology of Motion PicturesFilm Emulsion Black and White Color Grain 38. Technology of Motion PicturesFilm Emulsion Black and White Color Grain Contrast The relationship of the brightest and darkest parts of an image. HIGH CONTRAST evidences extremes between bright and dark elements. LOW CONTRAST evidences little difference in brightness among the elements. 39. Light - ContrastLowHigh 40. Light - ContrastLowHigh 41. Light - ContrastLowHigh 42. Light - ContrastLowHigh 43. Light - ContrastLowHigh 44. Light - ContrastLowHigh 45. Light - ContrastLowHigh 46. Technology of Motion PicturesHD Digital VideoAnother medium on which motion pictureimages are recorded. 47. Technology of Motion PicturesHD Digital VideoAnother medium on which motion pictureimages are recorded.Digital cinematography cameras captureimages using CMOS or CCD sensors. 48. Technology of Motion PicturesHD Digital VideoAnother medium on which motion pictureimages are recorded.Digital cinematography cameras captureimages using CMOS or CCD sensors.Information is stored on magnetic tape or asdigital files onto random-access media likeoptical discs, hard disk drives or flashmemory-based digital magazines. 49. Technology of Motion PicturesHD Digital VideoAnother medium on which motion pictureimages are recorded. 50. Technology of Motion PicturesHD Digital Video Russian Ark (2002)http://youtu.be/H0Z4bUfUYdw 51. Technology of Motion PicturesFrame. A single photograph in a series thatcomprise a motion image. 52. Technology of Motion PicturesAspect ratio: The relationship of the width of the image tothe height of the image.Standard or Academy ratio (4 X 3 or 1.33:1). In adoptingthe 35 mm format early filmmakers established thestandard aspect ratio as a classical rectangle with a ratioof four units of width to three units of height. Thus if theprojected image is twenty feet wide it will be fifteen feethigh. 53. Technology of Motion PicturesAspect ratio: The relationship of the width of the imageto the height of the image.Widescreen (1.66:1;1.85:1; 2.35:1). Over the years manyfilmmakers (Lumire, Griffith, Gance, etc.) experimented withthe widescreen. Gances system, for example, employedthree regular-sized screens, producing an effective aspectratio of 3.99:1. Efforts to introduce widescreen technologywere not successful until the 1950s when cinema tried tocounter program against television. Some of the 1950swidescreens had a ratio of as much as 2.66:1(CinemaScope). An image 26.6 feet wide and ten feet tallmade for some strange closeups! The American standardwidescreen ratio was finally set at 1.85:1. (The Europeanstandard widescreen ratio is 1:66:1.) Wider ratios areavailable through the use of anamorphic lens systems(2:35:1) and 70 mm film (2.2:1). IMAX and movie rides areanother matter, with domed and curved screens that defy the 54. Technology of Motion PicturesAspect Ratios 55. Technology of Motion PicturesAspect Ratios 1.33:1 or 4 3 Academy Ratio 56. Technology of Motion PicturesAspect Ratios 1.66:1 European and British Standard Widescre 57. Technology of Motion PicturesAspect Ratios 1.85:1 Standard Widescreen 58. Technology of Motion PicturesAspect Ratios 2:35:1 Anamorphic of Super 35mm Widescreen 59. http://youtu.be/tEPAgNrvZaw 60. Technology of Motion PicturesFred Waller Inventor; Oversaw thephotographic research and special effectsdepartment for Paramount Studios. 61. Technology of Motion PicturesFred Waller Akwa Skees 62. Technology of Motion PicturesFred Waller Director 63. Technology of Motion Pictures Fred Waller Directorhttp://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-7653085842645884021 64. Technology of Motion PicturesFred Waller 360 Degree Still Camera 65. Technology of Motion PicturesFred Waller Waller Gunnery Trainer 66. Technology of Motion PicturesFred Waller Cinerama (2.60:1) 67. Technology of Motion PicturesFred Waller Cinerama (2.60:1) 68. Technology of Motion PicturesFred Waller Cinerama (2.60:1) 69. Technology of Motion PicturesIMAX 1.36:1Standard IMAX screen is 22 16.1 m(72 52.8 ft) 70. Technology of Motion Pictures3D - Creating the illusion of depth byphotographing two images simultaneously,one for the viewers right eye and one for theleft, then projecting or displaying them in sucha fashion that each eye sees only one of theimages. The brain then thinks it sees threedimensions. 71. Technology of Motion Pictures 3Dhttp://youtu.be/hZUbLMIS-3c 72. Technology of Motion Pictures 3Dhttp://youtu.be/DFJZ1HKybZAhttp://www.hollywoodreporter.com/video/video-james-cameron-martin-scorsese-hugos-3d-special-effects