Embryology+Anatomy Study Questions ONLY

8/2/2019 Embryology+Anatomy Study Questions ONLY

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Embryology + Anatomy Study Questions (w/ answers)

1. During early gastrulation __________cells begin to divide and migrate to the midline. In doingso they form a ridge of cells that buckles inward to form the _______________.

a. Hypoblast; Primitive Nodeb. Epiblast; Primitive Nodec. Hypoblast; Primitive Grooved. Epiblast; Primitive Groove

2. At its ___________ end the primitive groove is enlarged into the primitive ______.a. Caudal; Nodeb. Cephalic (Cranial); Nodec. Cephalic (Cranial); Pitd. Caudal; Pit

3. The tissue ridge around the 2nd answer to # 2 is known as the ___________.a. Primitive Pitb. Primitive Nodec. Primitive Streakd. Primitive Nodule

4. On occasion the _____________ does not disappear at the end of the fourth week. Thisdevelops into a tumor (most often seen in newborn females) known as ______________.

a. Connecting Stalk; dysgerminomab. Ectoderm; endodermal sinus tumorc. Primitive Streak; Sarococcygeal Teratomad. Yolk Sac; embryonal carcinoma

5. The _______ forms a solid sheet of cells between the ectoderm and endoderm, except in the________ & ___________.

a. Mesoderm; primitive pit (precordal plate) & cloacal membraneb. Myoderm; precordal plate (oropharyngeal membrane) & caudal pitc. Myoderm; precordal plate (oropharyngeal membrane) & cloacal membraned. Mesoderm; precordal plate (oropharyngeal membrane) & cloacal membrane


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6. During genetic screening it is determined that Baby Boy X has a defect in the gene that controlsdevelopment of the first layer through the primitive groove during invagination. The childs

defect is not fatal. However, this genetic defect would most likely be manifested in:

a. Respiratory disease due to insufficient lining of the lungs and associated dysfunctionb. Problems with excessive musculo-tendonous elasticityc. Inability to properly absorb nutrients in small intestine, related to abnormal lining of the

GI tract

d. Spina Bifida with accompanying decreases in distal neurological functione. A & Cf. None of the following abnormalities is consistent with the dysfunction listed

7. Due to exposure to multiple tetragons during the 3rdweek Baby Girl X s endoderm andectoderm developed improperly. Given this information and your knowledge of gastrulation,

these defects will most likely result in:

a. Respiratory disease due to insufficient lining of the lungsb. Inability to absorb nutrients in small intestinec. Fetal Deathd. Spina Bifidae. A & B onlyf. A, B, & C

8.

A child born with multiple non-fatal deformities related to improper development of theectoderm presents in the neonatal intensive care unit with neurological defects due to multiple

problems with the nervous system & improper development of the skin. The child also

presented with (choose the most probable given information above) :

a. Muscular imbalances and cardiovascular irregularitiesb. Dysfunction of the liver and pancreasc. Reproductive malformations responsible for irreversible sterilityd. Structural malformation of the face and head


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9. Since the ____________ axis develops during the blastocyst stage via separation of the inner cellmass and blastocoel the synctiotrophoblast formed immediately after implantation would be

described as _________ to the bi-laminar embryonic disc.

a. Dorsal-Ventral; dorsalb. Dorsal-Ventral; ventralc. Cranial-Caudal; craniald. Cranial-Caudal; cephalic

10.The ____________ disk elongates into an oval indicating the cranial-caudal axis. Yet specificcranial and caudal ends are NOT identifiable until development of the _________.

a. Tri-laminar; primitive streakb. Bi-laminar; primitive streakc. Tri-laminar; oropharyngeal membraned. Bi-laminar; oropharyngeal membrane

11.The __________ is at the ___________ end of the primitive groove.a. Primitive Pit; Caudalb. Cloacal Membrane; Cranialc. Oropharyngeal Membrane; Caudald. Primitive Pit; Cranial

12.The ____________ is ________ to the primitive groove and __________ to the oropharyngealmembrane (prechordal plate)

a. Primitive Pit; Caudal; Cranialb. Primitive Pit; Cranial; Cranialc. Notochord; Caudal; Craniald. Notochord; Cranial; Caudale. Notochord; Superior; Inferior


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13.Directly under the primitive node and along the newly forming endoderm, ____________ cells(which mix with the endoderm) begin to form a cord in the midline. These cells grow

__________ to form a thin, elongated notochordal plate.

a. Mesoderm; Caudallyb. Mesoderm; Craniallyc. Ectoderm; Craniallyd. Ectoderm; Caudally

14.Notochord development causes adjacent tissue to differentiate. As a consequence, the portionof adjacent mesoderm farthest from the notochord is called the _____________ and is

continuous with the ______________.

a. Ventral Mesoderm; Extraembryonic Endodermb. Lateral Mesoderm; Extraembryonic Ectodermc. Lateral Mesoderm; Extraembryonic Mesodermd. Lateral Mesoderm; Extraembryonic Endoderme. Ventral Mesoderm; Extraembryonic Mesoderm

15. In the early embryo, mesoderm cells will form a cluster (near the end of the 4 th week) ________to the notochord called the _______________ which becomes the future heart.

a. Cranial; Cardiovascular Centerb. Caudal; Cardiovascular Centerc. Caudal; Cardiogenic Aread. Cranial; Cardiogenic Area

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16.The fovea capitis is important clinically as this is the site where the _________ attaches.a. Iliofemoral ligamentb. Zona Orbicularisc. Ligament of Head of Femurd. Pectineus


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17.Which of the major hip ligaments is located primarily on the posterior aspect?a. Iliofemoralb. Acetabular Labrumc. Ischiofemorald. Pubofemoral

18.The sciatic nerve passes through greater sciatic foramen. The greater sciatic foramen is formedby the:

a. Sacrotuberous ligament and Sacrospinous ligamentb. Sacrotuberous Ligament, Sacrococcygeal ligament, and floor of pelvisc. Greater Sciatic Notch, Sacrospinous Ligament, & most lateral and superior portions of

the deep dorsal Sacrococcygeal ligament

d. Posterior Sacroiliac Ligament and Sacrotuberous ligament

19.To help identify these ligaments on cadaver dissections it would be important to know thatwhen moving from proximal to distal the _______ runs lateral to medial whereas the ______

runs medial to lateral

a. ACL, PCLb. PCL, ACLc.

Transverse ligament (of tibia), ACL

d. PCL, Transverse ligament (of tibia)

20. If a plantar nerve swells or is thickened it can often get caught between two structures in thedistal aspect of the foot (Mortons neuroma). Given your knowledge of anatomy select the

structures most likely trapping this thickened plantar nerve.

a. Bases of adjacent Metatarsalsb. The articulations between the metatarsal bases and respective tarsal bones they

articulate withc. Between adjacent metatarsal headsd. Between tarsal bones (3rd cuneiform/lateral cuneiform and cuboid)


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21.The peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, and peroneal nerve each run along the lateral aspect ofthe lower leg and ankle. This information helps explain why the peroneal groove is located on

the:

a. Navicularb. Lateral Cuneiformc. Talusd. Cuboid

22. Which of the following articulations actually occurs at the transverse tarsal joint (along thetransverse tarsal line)?

a. Calcaneus-Lateral Cuneiformb. Talus-Medial Cuneiformc. Talus-Naviculard. Navicular-Cuneiforms (Medial, Intermediate, and Lateral)e. Cuboid-Base of 4th & 5th Metatarsals

23.The accessory bone commonly found on the medial aspect of the navicular is the:a. Os Trigonb. Os Vesalianumc. Medial Sesamoid Boned. Os Peroneume. Os tibiale externum

24.The Os Vesalianum is an accessory bone commonly located on the ___________ aspect of thefoot and is associated with the _____________.

a. Lateral; base of the 5th metatarsalb.

Superior; talus

c. Lateral; cuboidd. Lateral-Inferior; calcaneus


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25.An ankle has been dissected with everything removed except for the three primary ligaments ofits lateral aspect. If you were viewing this ankle from the side (laterally), from anterior to

posterior (in order) you would notice:

a. Anterior Talofibular, Posterior Talofibular, Calcaneofibularb. Anterior Talofibular, Calcaneofibular, Posterior Talofibularc. Calcaneofibular, Anterior Talofibular, Posterior Talofibulard. Anterior Talofibular/Calcaneofibular (they super-impose each other), Posterior

Talofibular

26.Articulate surface for the lateral mass of the occipital condyle is located on the ________surface of the _________ vertebrae.

a. Superior surface; axisb. Inferior surface; atlasc. Inferior surface; axisd. Superior surface; atlas

27.The predental space is an important clinical landmark for lateral radiographs of the cervicalspine. This critical space is between the ________ aspect of the _____________ of C1 to the

most ______________________________.

a. Anterior; Anterior Arch; Anterior portion of the odontoid processb. Anterior; Posterior Arch; Posterior portion of the odontoid processc. Posterior; Anterior Arch; Anterior portion of the odontoid processd. Posterior; Posterior Arch; Posterior portion of the odontoid process

28. In cervical vertebrae, the sulcus for the nerve is slightly ____________________.a. Anterior to the posterior tubercle of the transverse processb. Lateral to the transverse foramenc. Posterior to the posterior tubercle of the transverse processd. A & Be. B & C


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29.Mammillary and Accessory Processes are located on the _________ spine only. Also,mammillary processes are located __________ to the accessory processes.

a. Lumbar; medial & superiorb. Lumbar; lateral & superiorc. Thoracic; medial & superiord. Thoracic; lateral & superior

30.The pars interarticularis is best described as ______________.a. The area between the facet joints and the lamina/spinous processesb. The area between the body and the transverse processesc. The neck of the scotty dogd. The foreleg of the scotty doge. A & Cf. B & D

31.During full flexion of the elbow which of the following statements is true:a. The coronoid process of the radius is received by the coronoid fossa of humerusb. The coronoid process of the ulna is received by in the coronoid fossa of humerusc. The radial fossa of humerus accommodates the edge of the head of the radiusd.

The olecranon process of the ulna rests in the olecranon fossa of the humerus

e. A & Cf. B & Cg. A, C, & Dh. B, C, & D

32.The coronoid process is __________ in relation to the tuberosity of the ulna (choose bestanswer)

a. Distalb. Proximalc. Laterald. Medial


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33.The _____________ of the ____________________ is _____________ to the trapezoid ligament(hint: answer to blank 1 + deltoid ligament = answer to blank 2).

a. Coracoid ligament; coracoclavicular ligament; medialb. Conoid ligament; coracoclavicular ligament; medialc. Conoid ligament; coracoclavicular ligament; laterald. Coracoid ligament; coracoclavicular ligament; lateral

34.The ___________ ligament inserts at into an impression on the _____________ end of theclavicle

a. Costoclavicular; Acromialb. Costoclavicular; Sternalc. Coracoclavicular; Sternald. Coracoacromial; Acromial

35.A patient with bilateral, chronically tight semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gluteus maximusand rectus abdominis would eventually develop which of the following postural de-

compensations:

a. Lordosisb. Kyphosisc. Flat Backd. Scoliosis

36.Kyphosis is characterized by a hunch back deformity whose primary contributing factor(especially in the elderly) is:

a. Osteoporosisb. Muscle Weakeningc. Age-related gait abnormalitiesd. GI dysfunction


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37.Which of the following describes a postural de-compensation and correctly list the musclesassociated with that de-compensation:

a. Flat back: tight semimembranosus & semitendinosus; tight iliocostalis & longissimusb. Lordosis: tight semimembranosus & semitendinosus; tight semispinalis, multifidus, &

rotatores

c. Flat back: tight rectus femoris, sartorius, & iliopsoas; tight semispinalis, multifidus, &rotatores

d. Lordosis: tight rectus femoris, sartorius, & iliopsoas; tight iliocostalis & longissimus

38.The guiding philosophy in medical radiation use is summarized by radiologist with the acronymALARA. What does ALARA stand for?

a. As Low As Readily Allowedb. A Level Always Reasonably Achievablec. As Low As Reasonably Achievabled. As Low as Radiologically Achievable

39.Select the group of tissue below that is MOST sensitive tissue to radiation?a. Gonadsb. Liver, Bladder, Thyroid Esophagusc. Lung, Stomach, Breast, Colond. Brain, Salivary Glands, Skin

40.Which of the following contrasts is excreted by the kidneys and often used to evaluate renalfunction or to identify renal obstructions?

a. Barium Swallowsb. Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)c.

Tc-99m labeled isotope

d. Doppler Flow

Embryology+Anatomy Study Questions ONLY

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