MADE BY:

SYED USAMA SHAYAN

EMBOLISM

EMBOLISM: “Detached Intravascular Solid, Liquid or gas mass carried by blood to a distant site.”

*Venous Embolism/ Pulmonary (DVT)

*Arterial Embolism (Post MI)

*Paradoxical Embolism (Venous will

become

arterial: due to ASD/ VSD)

*Fat embolism

*Amniotic fluid embolism

*Air embolism

*Septic embolism

*Foreign body embolism.

Types of Embolism:

*Most commonly from venous

emboli from leg

veins (DVT)

*“Saddle embolus” obstructs

main Pulmonary

artery

*Once a Pulmonary embolus

occurs, patient will be

prone for recurrent emboli

episodes.

*Multiple emboli or shower of

small emboli in small

pulmonary arteries.

PULMONARY EMBOLISM

PULMONARY EMBOLISM

*Most arise from Intra cardiac

mural thrombi

*Left ventricular wall infarction

and Mitral stenosis

predisposes to thrombi and

embolus

* Arterial emboli travel to wide

variety of sites

* Lower limbs, Brain, intestines,

kidney,

spleen…….any organ.

SYSTEMIC THROMBOEMBOLISM

* Microscopic fat globules enter circulation

following fracture of long bones

* Fat embolism syndrome:: Symptoms

appear 1- 3

days after injury

* Pulmonary insufficiency: Tachypnea, Dyspnea,

Tachycardia

* Neurologic symptoms: Irritability, Restlessness,

Delirium, Coma

* Low platelets: Petechial skin rash

* Fatal in 10% of individuals

FAT EMBOLISM

Fracture long bones: Imp. Soft tissue trauma Burns Parenteral lipid infusion Sickle cell crisis Acute pancreatitis Liposuction Decompression sickness

CAUSES OF FAT EMBOLISM:

Gas bubbles in circulation

100 ml of air is needed to produce

clinical

effect

Chest wall injury, Neck injury,

Therapeutic,

Intra-operative

Decompression sickness seen in Deep

sea divers

AIR EMBOLISM

AIR EMBOLISM

Amniotic fluid into ruptured uterine veins

Grave, but uncommon complication

Important obstetric complication

Sudden onset of severe dyspnea, Cyanosis,

Hypotension, Shock, Seizures, Coma.

If survives… Pulmonary edema, DIC

AMNIOTIC FLUID EMBOLISM