Embedded System
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Transcript of Embedded System
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Embedded System
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Embedded System• Any device that include a computer but is not itself a general purpose computer.• Hardware and Software of some large system and expected to function without human intervention• Respond, monitor, control external environment using sensors and actuators.
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Embedding a ComputerCPU
Output
input
Memory
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Automobile Embedded SystemToday’s high-end automobile may have 100 microprocessors.– 4 bit microcontroller checks seatbelt.– Microcontroller run dashboard devices.– 16/32 bit microprocessor control engine
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Characteristics of Embedded System• Sophisticated functionality.• Application dependent processors• Restricted memory.• Embedded systems have to be efficient.• These systems are dedicated towards a certain application.• Many embedded systems are hybrid systems in the sense that they include analog and digital parts.• Many embedded systems must meet real-time constraints.• Low Power
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Real Time Operation• Hard Real Time• Soft Real Time
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Vending Machine8-bit microprocessors.
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Nasa’s Mars Sojourner Rover8 Bit Intel 80c85 Microprocessor
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GPS Receiver 16 bit Microprocessor
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Mp3 Player 32 bit RISC Microprocessor
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DVD Players32 bit RISC Microprocessor
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Sony Aibo ERS-110 Robotic Dog64- bit MIPS RISC
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Type of Embedded System1. Similar to General Computing
- PDA, Video games, Set-top Boxes, Automatic teller m/c2. Control Systems- Feed-back control of real time system.-Vehicle engines, flight control, nuclear reactors.3. Signal Processing- Radar, DVD Player, Mp3 Players4. Communication & Networking- Cellular Phones, Internet appliances.
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ArchitectureFPGA Memory
A/D CPU D/ASensor Actuator
Software
Human Interface
Diagnostics Tool
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How to Implement an Embedded SystemHardware
- Processing Element- Peripherals * Input & Output* Interfacing Sensors & Actuators- Memory- BusSoftware-System Software-Application Software
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Processing elements• General Purpose Microprocessor & Microcontroller• DSP• Application Specific Processor• System- on – Chip (SOC)
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Challenges in Embedded System Design• How much hardware do we need?- What is word size of the CPU? Size of Memory?• How do we meet our dead lines?- Faster hardware or cleverer software?• How do we minimize power?-Turn off unnecessary Logic. Reduce memory access.
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Embedded HardwareReceive input --- Process it --- Provide OutputMicroprocessor & Microcontrollers.- Energy Efficiency- High Code density.
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Microprocessors
• CPU for Computer• No RAM,ROM, I/O on chip itself• Example Intel’s x86, Motorola’s 680x0
CPUGeneral Purpose
Microprocessor
RAM ROM I/O Timer Serial Port
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What is Microcontroller • Basically a microcontroller is a device which integrates a large number of components of a microprocessor system onto a single microchip.• A microcontroller combines on to the same microchip- The CPU core- Memory (both ROM and RAM)- Some parallel digital I/O & more.
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Microcontroller
BUS
CPU Memory I/O
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Components of a Microcontroller• A Timer module to allow the microcontroller to perform task for certain time periods.• A Serial I/O ports to allow data to flow between the microcontroller and other devices such as a Pc or another microcontroller.• An ADC to allow the microcontroller to accept analog input data to processing.
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Microcontroller BlockProgram Memory
Core
Parallel port
Data Memory
Parallel Port
Parallel port
Serial port
Timer
Serial port
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Why Microcontroller?• Low cost, Small packaging• Low power consumption• Programmable , re-programmable• Easy integration with circuits• For applications in which cost, power and space are critical.• Single purpose.