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Chapter 8Chapter 8

Mathematical Equivalents Used in Pharmacology

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Chapter 8

Lesson 8.1

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Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

• Compare the units used in the apothecaries', metric, and household measures systems

• Use the apothecaries' system to convert from one measure to another

• Use the metric system to convert from one measure to another

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Learning Objectives (cont.)Learning Objectives (cont.)

• State the values of common household measures and their equivalents

• Use common abbreviations and symbols to interpret and solve medication problems

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OverviewOverview

Three systems of weight and measure:

• Household

• Apothecaries’

• Metric

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Apothecaries’ System Apothecaries’ System

• Grains: gr (solids)

• Minim: m (liquids); Box 8-1 (dram and ounce)

• Lowercase Roman numerals

• Common fractions

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Metric System  Metric System  

• Decimal system

• Meter: m (length)

• Liter: L (volume)

• Gram: g (weight)

• Box 8-2

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Metric System (cont.)Metric System (cont.)

• Converting

• Arabic numerals and decimal fractions

• Move decimal place to the right or left

• Metric prefixes

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Metric and Apothecaries’ Equivalents

Metric and Apothecaries’ Equivalents

• Conversion – fractions

• Rounding

• Approximate Equivalents (Box 8-3)

• Rules for Converting Between Apothecaries’ and Metric System (Box 8-4)

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Household Measures Household Measures

• Liquid measure

• Arabic numerals

• Common Household Measures (Box 8-5)

• Rough equivalents to metric and apothecaries’ systems

• Conversions Among Household, Apothecaries’, and Metric Systems (Table 8-2, Box 8-6)

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Converting Temperature Readings

Converting Temperature Readings

• Fahrenheit

• Celsius

• Formulas to convert