eLoran as a Timing Backup And Available Hardware - … as a Timing Backup And Available Hardware ....
Transcript of eLoran as a Timing Backup And Available Hardware - … as a Timing Backup And Available Hardware ....
Charles Schue – UrsaNav, Inc.
KTN – Trinity House – October 8, 2012
“U.S.” Perspectives on
eLoran as a Timing Backup
And
Available Hardware
EMEA Operations Bertem, Belgium
Corporate Headquarters Chesapeake, VA
Washington DC Metro Area Leesburg, VA
Southeast Region North Charleston, SC ISO 9001
FM 540606
Corporate Overview
Founded in 2004
Four main business units:
C5ISR, IT, IM, LF
World Leader in LF Technology
Chesapeake, Virginia, USA
Leesburg, Virginia, USA
Principal locations in Virginia
Regional offices in Massachusetts & South
Carolina
Bertem, Belgium office handles EMEA
opportunities
Commercial and government clients in 32
countries.
About us
EMEA Operations Bertem, Belgium
Corporate Headquarters Chesapeake, VA
Washington DC Metro Area Leesburg, VA
Southeast Region North Charleston, SC ISO 9001
FM 540606
Low-Frequency Business Unit
Alternative/Backup
Solutions to
GNSS/RNSS
Positioning, Navigation,
Timing/Frequency &
Data (PNTF&D) Systems
State-of-the-Art
Transmitting & Receiver
Technologies
Differential GPS/GNSS
Solutions
• X
• X
• X
• X
• X
• X
• X
• X
• X
• X
• X
• X
• x
• Nautel NL Series LF Transmitters
• UrsaNav LF Multi-Mode Receivers
• CrossRate, Locus, & Plutargus IP
• Receivers for UK GAARDIAN/Sentinel IDM
• Nautel Vector Series DGPS Transmitters
• Trimble RS/IM Equipment
• Trimble Control Station Software
• Antennas, Nautel ATU, spares, shelters
• Installation, training
• Symmetricom Time Scale Solutions
• TWLFTT, TWLLTT, TWSTT
• Transmit and Receive Antennae
• Data Channel (9th/10th Pulse, Eurofix, Other)
• Loran-C, Chayka, eLoran, LFPhoenix™, and Beyond
• Temporary, Transportable, & Tactical Solutions
• 21st Century Technology
EMEA Operations Bertem, Belgium
Corporate Headquarters Chesapeake, VA
Washington DC Metro Area Leesburg, VA
Southeast Region North Charleston, SC ISO 9001
FM 540606
• e-Navigation
– DGPS, ECDIS, DSC, AIS
– Radar, Synchronized Lights
• Homeland Security
• Defense
• Telecommunications Networks
– Landline / Mobile / Paging Systems
– Computer Networks / Internet
• Electrical Power Systems
– Phase Synchronization & Flow Control
• Banking & Finance
– High-Speed Trading
– ATM transactions
• Agriculture
GPS Dependent Systems
Of the (18) CIKR sectors, (15) use GPS timing.
GPS timing is deemed essential for (11) of the sectors.
[Source: Department of Homeland Security]
EMEA Operations Bertem, Belgium
Corporate Headquarters Chesapeake, VA
Washington DC Metro Area Leesburg, VA
Southeast Region North Charleston, SC 5
Sources: Results from a GPS Timing Criticality Assessment, Carroll (DOT/VNTSC); Lombardi (NIST)
U.S. Timing & Frequency Requirements
EMEA Operations Bertem, Belgium
Corporate Headquarters Chesapeake, VA
Washington DC Metro Area Leesburg, VA
Southeast Region North Charleston, SC
GNSS/RNSS Vulnerabilities Performance degradation
• Ionosphere & solar activities
(natural)
• Unintentional & intentional
(human factors)
Signal blockage
Spectrum competition (e.g., LSQ)
Common signal use across GNSS
Radio frequency interference
System anomalies & failures
Jamming
Spoofing & Counterfeit Signals
Why is an Alternative to GPS Timing Necessary?
Low-cost “personal privacy
devices”
150W L1 – L5 “Full Band” Jammer
(Range up to ¼ mile*)
100W “Super” Jammer (Range over ½ mile – Plugs
into cigarette lighter*)
* Range as advertised on the supplier’s website. Independent tests have shown significantly further ranges for lower output power.
100W “Super” Jammer (Range over ½ mile – Plugs
into cigarette lighter*)
100W “Super” Jammer (Range over ½ mile – Plugs
into cigarette lighter*)
EMEA Operations Bertem, Belgium
Corporate Headquarters Chesapeake, VA
Washington DC Metro Area Leesburg, VA
Southeast Region North Charleston, SC ISO 9001
FM 540606
* Source: Dr. Todd Humphreys, University of Texas at Austin ** Source: 8/14/2003 NE Interconnection Outage
Potential GPS Timing Loss: Sector Impact
Industry Timing
Requirement Impact of Loss
Monetary Impact of Loss
Banking / Financial 3 s absolute
to ≤1ms
Market vacuum (loss of liquidity); market
"skimming"; leaked pricing information*
Tens to Hundreds of Millions per
Trade
Telecommunications ≤1us Loss of communications,
E911 Millions+
DoEnergy: Electrical Power
“SmartGrid” 10 ms to ≤1us
Grid stability, efficiency, outages, equipment damage
Billions**
DOD/DHS ≤1ms Loss of communications Safety / Security
DOT: FAA <1us
To ≤50ns
Loss of ability to trilaterate position; loss of communications
Safety, Security, Efficiency
EMEA Operations Bertem, Belgium
Corporate Headquarters Chesapeake, VA
Washington DC Metro Area Leesburg, VA
Southeast Region North Charleston, SC
Example: SmartGrid Timing Using GPS
• SmartGrid Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) sensors use timing or frequency for accurate measurement of the power grid phase
• Sensors don’t provide data without time synchronization
• 1/2 to 2/3 of PMUs currently unusable at any given time because of lost GPS timing
• Vulnerabilities include:
• Limited, to no, indoor GPS reception
• Low E windows are a problem for GPS
EMEA Operations Bertem, Belgium
Corporate Headquarters Chesapeake, VA
Washington DC Metro Area Leesburg, VA
Southeast Region North Charleston, SC ISO 9001
FM 540606
Why is eLoran the Best Alternative?
• Time. Frequency. Data. Position.
• Terrestrial-based – Significantly higher power than satellites
– Dissimilar failure modes to GPS
• Considerable usable range of > 1,000 miles – Requires fewer transmitters than other terrestrial solutions
– Time, frequency, & data require only a single transmission site
• Independent of GPS, but interoperable with GPS
• Spectrum protected worldwide • Lessons learned from LSQ (“GPS” Band)
• Integrity built into eLoran signal – Also provides complementary integrity for GPS
• Available in many GPS denied environments
• Can meet, when appropriately equipped/designed: – Maritime: HEA 8m-20m; IMO 10m
– Aviation RNP 0.3
EMEA Operations Bertem, Belgium
Corporate Headquarters Chesapeake, VA
Washington DC Metro Area Leesburg, VA
Southeast Region North Charleston, SC ISO 9001
FM 540606
Why is eLoran the Best Alternative?
• Meets stringent timing reference requirements – << 1 υs
– Transmissions synchronized to well within 10 ns of UTC
• Sub nanosecond synchronization with Two-Way Time Transfer
• Meets stringent frequency reference requirements
– Provides Stratum-1E standard better than 1 x 10-11 long-term
– Same Stratum standard as GPS
• Meets or exceeds all public infrastructure needs – AM, FM, TV, Electric Power, Telecomm, Mobile, Wireless, Banking,
Finance, etc.
• Data Channel(s) available – All manner of functionality, including time of day and corrections
– DGPS messages available (RTCM SC-104)
– Provides alternative wide-area critical messages/notifications
– Third-Party Data Channel options
EMEA Operations Bertem, Belgium
Corporate Headquarters Chesapeake, VA
Washington DC Metro Area Leesburg, VA
Southeast Region North Charleston, SC 11
Source: The Potential Role of eLoran in the National Time and Frequency Infrastructure
U.S. Timing Providers
EMEA Operations Bertem, Belgium
Corporate Headquarters Chesapeake, VA
Washington DC Metro Area Leesburg, VA
Southeast Region North Charleston, SC 12
Source: The Potential Role of eLoran in the National Time and Frequency Infrastructure
U.S. Frequency Providers
EMEA Operations Bertem, Belgium
Corporate Headquarters Chesapeake, VA
Washington DC Metro Area Leesburg, VA
Southeast Region North Charleston, SC ISO 9001
FM 540606
Why should we care?
Robust, resilient, alternative PNT&F
Truly multi-modal
Seamless, interoperable, yet dissimilar to GNSS
Extremely cost effective
Sovereign control
Traceable to UTC
Can recover UTC from cold start w/o GPS
Continuity of operations
Even during jamming & spoofing events
The “M” in Interference Detection & Mitigation
Location Stamping - “Proof of position”*
Time Stamping - “Proof of time”*
* - Courtesy of Logan Scott Consulting.
EMEA Operations Bertem, Belgium
Corporate Headquarters Chesapeake, VA
Washington DC Metro Area Leesburg, VA
Southeast Region North Charleston, SC ISO 9001
FM 540606
• September 2011 DHS report to Congress
– GPS timing important
– Concern for a lack of a backup(s)
• DHS investigating alternatives
– Precise time via wire/fiber
– Asked USCG to investigate wireless time transfer
• CRADA (Effective 02/13/2012)
– Two years after Loran-C Termination
– Promotes R&D efforts; tech transfer
– Not a contract; no exchange of funding; not government “sponsored”
• Objectives
– Research, evaluate, document
– Time. Frequency. Data. (Position.)
LF in the USA: A Way Ahead
Disclaimer: The USCG has no intent to acquire, operate, or provide wireless time technology or associated services.
EMEA Operations Bertem, Belgium
Corporate Headquarters Chesapeake, VA
Washington DC Metro Area Leesburg, VA
Southeast Region North Charleston, SC ISO 9001
FM 540606
Loran-C, eLoran, LFPhoenix™, and Beyond!
• Started testing February 29, 2012
• Transmissions currently from “dBF” Wildwood, NJ – Transmission to within <10 ns of UTC
– Able to transmit from any former Loran-C or GWEN site
– Able to transmit using transportable “LF-in-a-Box” solution
• Several test locations with multiple receivers – Leesburg, VA (142 miles)
– Chambersburg, PA (160 miles)
– Chesapeake, VA (170 miles)
– Burlington, MA (310 miles)
– Durham, NH (354 miles)
– Charleston, SC (505 miles)
– Mobile Measurement Unit
• TWSTT solution installed at dBF June, 2012
• TWLFTT solution – truly “sky-free” – testing in 2013
EMEA Operations Bertem, Belgium
Corporate Headquarters Chesapeake, VA
Washington DC Metro Area Leesburg, VA
Southeast Region North Charleston, SC ISO 9001
FM 540606
Global land-mass and EEZ+ coverage possible that is truly “sky-free”.
Technology Exists Today
Loran-C, eLoran, LFPhoenix™
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TWSTT
LFDC Generator LFDC
LFDC Integrity MonitorLFDC
UTC
NAV
1 PPS Router
5 MHz Router
GNSS Time Scale 12 153 21 39 18
230 VUPS
21 39 18 Cesium 5071A
230 VUPS
21 39 18 Cesium 5071A
21 39 18 Cesium 5071A
LAN
LF Timing Generator online LFDC
LF Receiver - UN151
LFDC Generator LFDC
LFDC Integrity MonitorLFDC
UTC
NAV
1 PPS Router
5 MHz Router
GNSS Time Scale 12 153 21 39 18
Local Station Controller
LF Timing Generator online LFDC
LF Receiver - UN151
1 PPS Router
5 MHz Router
Local Station Controller
KVM/Display
KVM/Display
EMEA Operations Bertem, Belgium
Corporate Headquarters Chesapeake, VA
Washington DC Metro Area Leesburg, VA
Southeast Region North Charleston, SC ISO 9001
FM 540606
10.5’
102” Wide x 39.5” Deep x 72.5” High
19” Rack
Transmitting Site Equipment Suite
EMEA Operations Bertem, Belgium
Corporate Headquarters Chesapeake, VA
Washington DC Metro Area Leesburg, VA
Southeast Region North Charleston, SC ISO 9001
FM 540606
Partial Sentinel Probe Interior Standard 19” Rack-Mount, 1u Enclosure
eLoran Receiver Dimensions: 4.75” x 6.75”
OEM Timing Receiver Module
Engineered-to-Order: Higher SWAP-C
Quantity Order: Significantly Lower SWAP-C
EMEA Operations Bertem, Belgium
Corporate Headquarters Chesapeake, VA
Washington DC Metro Area Leesburg, VA
Southeast Region North Charleston, SC
First Blush Indoor Performance Test
Prototype H-field antenna
Dimensions: 38 x 38 x 19 mm 1.5” x 1.5” x .75”
• Smallest H-field antenna to date
• Antenna in noisy office environment
• 5 meters away from outside wall
EMEA Operations Bertem, Belgium
Corporate Headquarters Chesapeake, VA
Washington DC Metro Area Leesburg, VA
Southeast Region North Charleston, SC ISO 9001
FM 540606
Verified eLoran T, F, & D Coverage
Proper reception, tracking, & decoding of signals from dBF at Kansas City, MO – 1,050 miles
EMEA Operations Bertem, Belgium
Corporate Headquarters Chesapeake, VA
Washington DC Metro Area Leesburg, VA
Southeast Region North Charleston, SC ISO 9001
FM 540606
• Timing performance – Time recovery to within 75 ns RMS (UTC)
• Distances to 500 miles (conservative; no differential corrections)
• External E-Field antenna
– Time recovery to within 200 ns RMS (UTC)
• At 1,000 miles (no differential corrections)
• External E-Field antenna
– One-time calibration against Symmetricom ATS-6501 Rb disciplined L1/L2 receiver; free-running afterwards
– Compensated for ASFs, receiver processing delays, cabling delays, etc.
– Calibration can be done using a “hot-clock” method, or with TWTT techniques
• Data Channel performance
– LF Data channel reception and decoding
– Distances exceeding 1,000 miles
Early Results: eLoran
EMEA Operations Bertem, Belgium
Corporate Headquarters Chesapeake, VA
Washington DC Metro Area Leesburg, VA
Southeast Region North Charleston, SC ISO 9001
FM 540606
Single Site eLoran Scenario: 1,000 Mile Radius
Wherever there is color, we expect LFDC demodulation. Acceptable modulation at 1,000 miles.
EMEA Operations Bertem, Belgium
Corporate Headquarters Chesapeake, VA
Washington DC Metro Area Leesburg, VA
Southeast Region North Charleston, SC ISO 9001
FM 540606
Multiple eLoran Site Scenario: 1,000 Mile Radius
T, F, & D Coverage Example for the Contiguous 48 States With Four Sites
EMEA Operations Bertem, Belgium
Corporate Headquarters Chesapeake, VA
Washington DC Metro Area Leesburg, VA
Southeast Region North Charleston, SC ISO 9001
FM 540606
“This is another example proving that the GPS system is vulnerable. The U.S. military must take a hard look at
all solutions that would provide a redundant capability. One such possibility is a system known as long-range
navigation (LORAN). This system was developed in 1958 to provide navigation for shipping. It uses powerful
signal pulses at a low frequency and is not line-of-sight dependent. Consequently, LORAN does not have the
same vulnerabilities as the GPS. However, on February 8, 2010, the U.S. Coast Guard stopped the LORAN
transmissions, effectively retiring the system. Even though LORAN was retired, researchers at Stanford University
and the U.S. Coast Guard continue to develop a 21st-century model.”
“The project is known as eLORAN. It provides the added capability of a data channel plus vastly improved
accuracy. For example, LORAN was accurate to approximately 460 meters, while eLORAN is accurate to between
8 and 20 meters. This is comparable to most handheld GPS receivers, which are accurate from 10 to 20 meters.
The U.S. military has receivers that are accurate to less than one meter. eLORAN’s accuracy will need to be
developed further to provide the same military GPS capability.”
The author, Captain Charles A. Barton III, USAF, is the chief of plans and programs at the 689th
Combat Communications Wing, Robins Air Force Base, Georgia.
“The United States needs to invest additional funding into this system to develop its viability as a backup
to the GPS. However, the greatest argument against any new system is its cost. ... Fiscal hawks will argue that
the military does not require a redundant capability for the GPS. On the other hand, the U.S. National Security
Strategy report states that the U.S. military must preserve its “conventional superiority.””
“Scientific innovation is exactly what is required to develop a redundant capability for the GPS. It is blatantly
obvious that the GPS is highly vulnerable, and the United States must prioritize funding for research and
development of a comparable system. eLORAN is one possible solution to this problem.”
AFCEA SIGNAL Magazine, October 2012
Global Positioning System Is a Single Point of Failure.
GPS vulnerabilities could be addressed with upgraded long-range navigation.
EMEA Operations Bertem, Belgium
Corporate Headquarters Chesapeake, VA
Washington DC Metro Area Leesburg, VA
Southeast Region North Charleston, SC ISO 9001
FM 540606
LF. Time. Frequency. Data. Today!
www.ursanav.com www.ursanav.eu