Elliott Campbell Assistant Professor UC Merced
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Transcript of Elliott Campbell Assistant Professor UC Merced
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University of California, Santa Cruz – August 8, 2011
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50% increase in population by 2050
70% increase in food demand by 2050
40% increase in energy demand by 2030The challenge is not simply meeting increased
demand, but doing so sustainably.
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Slide 5
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(EPA, 2010)
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(EIA, 2010)
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Emerging policy innovationsSynergies with poverty
alleviationPerhaps better to ask “How?”
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1. How much land is available?2. What are the life-cycle impacts?3. What is bioenergy precarious role in
the climate-energy nexus?
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12
17001710
17201) Abandoned agriculture areas from historical land use data (HYDE, SAGE)
2) Exclude agriculture-to-forest and agriculture-to-urban (MODIS12C1)
3) High estimate of potential yields from ecosystem model (CASA)
4) Regional bioenergy potential on abandoned agriculture lands.
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14(Campbell et al., ES&T, 2008)
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Algae bioenergy sustainability (Wiley, Campbell, McKuin, WER, 2011) Wastewater co-benefits Efficient harvesting with electrocoagulation and electrofloculation
(Trent, 2010)
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Electrocoagulation / Electroflocculation
Surface charge analysis of algae
(Wiley, Campbell, McKuin, WER, 2011)
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A global resource… Abandoned Agriculture
Regional opportunities… Mountaintop Mining
No land use… Offshore Algae Not commercially viable yet Electrochemical approach is emerging
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Slide 20
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?
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(Campbell et al., Science, 2009)
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0
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a) Ethanol b) Bioelectricity
(Campbell, Lobell, & Field, Science, 2009)23
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(Campbell, Sloan, Snyder, et al., In Prep)
2040 2045 2050 2055 2060 2065
Year
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-60%
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0%
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Volatility = 15% Volatility = 30%
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(DOE, 2009)
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Converting Brazilian residue to electricity has greater GHG benefits than conversion to ethanol
Residue-based ethanol has small impact on US energy security but electricity would have massive impact on Brazilian energy security
(Campbell & Block, ES&T, 2010)
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(Campbell et al., In Prep)
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(McKinsey, 2007)
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(Casillas and Kammen, Science, 2010)
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(McKuin & Campbell, In Prep)
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(Pacala and Socolow, Science, 2004)
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Role in stratosphere (Crutzen, 1976)A novel tracer of carbon
sequestration?
CO2 COS
Fig. 1. The dominant land fluxes of CO2 are photosynthesis and respiration while OCS uptake is influenced by a process linked to photosynthesis.
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(Campbell et al., Science, 2008)
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1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000350
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S (ppt)
Year
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a) GPP Growth b) GPP Fixed
(Campbell et al., In Prep)
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Rapid growth with or without sustainability basis.
Resources available for a multi-disciplinary approach to bioenergy research and education.
Many opportunities for engaging with industry, policy, and mass media.
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NSF/CAREER (Env’l Sustainability Program #0955141)
DOE/Institute for Climatic Change (#050516Z30)
Stanford/Carnegie: Chris Field, Joe Berry, David Lobell
Iowa: Jerry Schnoor, Greg Carmichael
NASA: Stephanie Vay, Randy Kawa
Wonderful Students! Andrew Mckuin, Brandi McKuin, Chi-Chung Tsao, Patrick Wiley, Xianyu Yang
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Question: What are the life-cycle GHG emissions of ethanol (g CO2e MJ-1)?
Objective: Team presentations in 30 min (~4 slides)
Materials: http://faculty.ucmerced.edu/ecampbell3/ucsc/
Approach: Modify a widely referenced LCA model (Farrell et al., Science, 2006) with updated information Team 1: Crutzen et al. (N2O) Team 2: Plevin et al. (Feedstock location) Team 3: Searchinger et al. (Indirect land-use) Team 4: Fargione et al. (Direct land-use)
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209.631.9312 | [email protected]
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(Tilman , 2009)
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(Tilman, 2009)
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(Raupach et al., PNAS, 2007)
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(Raupach et al., PNAS, 2007)
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(RAEL)
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MORTALITY HOSPITAL ADMISSIONMORTALITY HOSPITAL ADMISSION
(Campbell, et al., In Preparation)
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(Campbell et al., In Preparation)
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(Fox & Campbell, ES&T, 2010)