Eli Research and Engineering Inc.

with TOTAL

Total Object--Total Assembly Line Information Systems Services

Presents Mechanized Software

A Fundamental,not

incrementalchange in

Information Technology Architectures

We examine ALTOPS, an architecture which is totally new to Information Processing, but which has been used by manufacturing since the beginning of the industrial revolution, to produce o High quality products at o High rates and low cost.And can be and often is totally mechanized

ALTOPSA new Data Processing Architecture

o Using 100,000 or more Simple Processing Modules simply connected (in different locations if desired) - - -o Running at nanosecond rates,o Concurrently on any number and mix of application types, producing --o Certifiably Correct Results produced at rates of 100,000 to 1,000,000 per second.

Efficiency for Businesso I. S. responsiveness. New applications running in hours or a few weeks. (Now. average time to develop new applications about 60 months. (Ref.1))o Results rates 100-1000 times faster on most jobs.o Assured continuous operation, even during major system updates. o More efficient, responsive control of business processes

BENEFITS OF ALTOPS

Efficiency for Business

o Automated accounts and audits of all I.S. activity. o Complete model of business Information System in I. S. Specifications enables o Rapid, accurate evaluation of system changes. o Rapid, accurate modeling of complex data and large models.

BENEFITS OF ALTOPS

Reduces I. S. Costo Replaces Programming staff with a few MBA’s or experts in the business or industry. Typical saving of 80% of I. S. cost. (Ref. 1,2) o Saving on average new application, (coded locally) about $10,000,000 (Ref. 1) o Lower cost for system, cooling, less space.

BENEFITS OF ALTOPS

Highest Protection

BENEFITS OF ALTOPS

o Maximum Security and Privacy of Data, No “Virus”, “Bombs”, “Denial of Service”o System User cannot invade or discover Intellectual Property of job being used. o Job design owner cannot invade data of User. o System Owner cannot invade or discover Intellectual Property of job design or data.

Background

• Early “Tabulating machines” proved that:• Any class of problem can be solved on a • few different types of simple machines,

simply connected. • Any number of machines could work

together on any problem.• These were electro-mechanical machines • Running typically at 150 functions/minute.

Background• In the early days of electronic

computers:• The technology was so expensive only one

processor could be afforded. • All jobs were necessarily run on this single

processor.• A single computer time-shared system/job

control and the problem calculation.

Background

o “Compilers”, “Job monitors”, then “Operating Systems” were invented. o “WINDOWS” and other current operating systems are direct derivatives.o Today’s microprocessor architectures are direct descendants of the early machines.

Backgroundo General purpose processors still use one very fast central processing unit (smaller than your little finger nail).

o Virus and other invasions of the System are made possible by time-sharing System Control and Applications on a single processor.

Background

o Operating Systems and most programs are so complex that verification is not practicable (Ref. 3) Basic code of Windows 95 comprises 10,800,000 lines of C++ code. o A new 10,000 line program averages about 750 “high severity” defects. when delivered. (Ref. 1)o A C++ programmer spends 80% of effort removing “bugs”

Backgroundo “Cache misses” when the CPU must access disks for information greatly reduce the performance of conventional systems.o A cache miss rate of 0.1% reduces the effective performance of a 1 gigaHertz processor to slightly over 50 megaHertz. o The TOTAL architecture virtually eliminates cache misses giving efficient performance.

ALTOPS Architecture based on hardware manufacturing models provides separate hardware for:o System control,o Storage and data management, o Application management, o Application execution,

o Using 100,000 or more Simple Processing Modules simply connected (in different locations if necessary) - - -o Running at nanosecond rates,o Concurrently on any number and mix of application types producingo Certifiably correct Results produced at rates of 100,000 to 1,000,000 per second.

ALTOPS

Stack1

Stack 2

DisksStack 3 Stack 4

ALTOPS (“Off-The-Shelf”)Design Study,

not to Scale

Machine has107,712 Function Units. Sustained performance potential 140 teraOps/sec.

Final result rate, 100,000 instruction commercial job, ~90,000/second

6’6’

5’3,600giga-byte

ALTOPS , as in hardware manufacturing , Requires:o All system Components (processor and system control)o Materials (data), assemblies (information and applications) o Products (reports, screens, messages) to have Specifications and Accounts o Be Verified to conform to Specification.

Enabling: (As in hardware manufacture)

o Reusable, interchangeable data, applications and application components. o Any number of processor nodes of any size or location to cooperate in producing any information product or class of information product. o Assembly Line production, giving a result rate dependent only on the stepping rate of the line, not length.o Results 100,000’s to millions per second.

ALTOPS

Enabling: (As in hardware manufacture)

o Hardware based automation of the system operation,o Hardware process nodes with function adjusted by parameters if desired, o User applications composed of linked sets of standard, tested hardware modules. No “software”

ALTOPS

Enabling: (As in hardware manufacture)

o Prefetching of data Virtually eliminating disk delay.o Self repair in microseconds. (Tool failure on a factory floor is immediately detected, replaced and the process resumes.) o Hardware automated Accounting and Audit of all System Contents, Use, Actions and Configuration.

ALTOPS

All User interaction is via interactive screens.

Users’ Viewo Information request: User selects from menu: Class Identification and Instance (viz., date time group). o Response in milliseconds

o Run a Job: User selects Job I.D. from menu, fills in instances of data inputs, enters parameters if needed. o Response in milliseconds

ALTOPS

CIO Viewo Authorize new user: Fill in standard screen,o Security authorization for department/information class, job class, . . .o Authorize entry of new Application: Verifies job design against spec., adds I.D., Assigns security authorizations. o Authorize entry of new data item. Verifies correct specification, class I.D., Assigns security authorizations.

ALTOPS

CIO Viewo Request and review System Accounts and Audit records.o Modify System/System Function: Order new Function Units from Vendor, or Contact Vendor representative to enter new function code into System Unit ROMso Authorize entry of new Security Check Sum o Establish and maintain the Classification Structure for the Data, Information, and Applications networks. o Specify Enterprise Information System structure and performance requirements.

ALTOPS

ALTOPS Application Designer Viewo Create Specification of Application Outputo Create Specification of Data/Information Element inputs, with reliability and accuracy requirement statements. o Specify algorithm or process to implement application, in normal business terms.o Graphically select and connect System Function Modules (note) and existing Application Components to construct the application process.

Application Designer View

o Run the Application prototype on a separate Test Facility to confirm result is to Specification. o Obtain authorization from C.I.O. to enter the application into the System.

ALTOPS

Some Performance Estimates of O-T-S ALTOPS (10 teraOp)

o Matrix multiplication, conventional method, (assume 10,000 of chips are pipelined multipliers): For a 10,000x10,000x100 model: Single plane, 10 20 ms. Total model, 10 to 20 sec.

ALTOTOPS

Second Generation, (Wafer Scale integration) ALTOPS (3.5 PetaOps)

o Matrix multiplication, conventional method, (assume 20,000 of chips are pipelined multipliers): For a 10,000x10,000x100 model: Single plane, 1 to 2 ms. Total model, 1 to 2 sec.o Note that due to the simple interconnections of the ALTOPS architecture, “Wafer Scale” integration is feasible.

ALTOPS

Second Generation, (Wafer Scale integration) ALTOPS (3.5 PetaOps)o Davis (Ref. 2) Referring to CERN experience and subsequent publications points out that conventional parallel machines tend to operate at about 10% rated peak rate due to fitting the algorithm to the single instruction, multiple device architecture. Massively Concurrent Machines (ALTOPS) overcome this problem and operate at high efficiency on any class of problem.

ALTOPS

(Note)Hardware Function Modules include:o Standard arithmetic and logic functions capable of assembly into any algorithm.o Applications or Application components specific to various classes of business or enterprise.o Standard accounting and audit functions.

References include but are not limited to

o Jones, Capers

o Davis, Dr. Edward W.

o Kendall, Robert

o Edwards, Nathen P.

o Kendall, Robert C., Lamb, Estol C.