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Safety Meeting

Elevated Work

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• There are many jobs that require working at heights

• This requires the use of walking working surfaces such as ladders, scaffolds and stairways

• Safety in elevated work areas requires companies to follow strict standards for height, width, building materials, load capacity and proper housekeeping

Elevated Work

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• Designed primarily to provide access to an elevated area

• Must not be used as a work platform unless the

job can be performed using only one hand • Be constructed according to OSHA regulations

Ladders

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• Get authorization to perform elevated work • Clear footing area of excess tools, debris, waste and

other obstructions • Place the ladder on a firm, level surface • Fully open the legs of the ladder • Use proper PPE

− Fall protection if necessary • Secure tools and equipment properly • Carry only necessary tools in pockets or tool belt • Attach a hand line and lift items once on stable surface • Maintain a 3-point contact with the ladder

Ladders

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3-point Contact

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• Inspect the following before using a ladder − Footing − Rungs or steps − Side rails − Hinges − Spreaders

Ladder Inspection

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• Put a warning tag on a damaged ladder immediately

• Report a damaged ladder to a supervisor • Take a damaged ladder out of service until it is

repaired − Portable ladders are often damaged by being moved

from worksite to worksite and while in storage − Fixed ladders may deteriorate if they are exposed to

the weather or corrosive chemicals

Damaged Ladders

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• Two types of ladders commonly found in industrial facilities − Portable − Fixed

Ladders

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• Avoid overreaching when performing work from a ladder

• The worker’s belt buckle must never pass the side rail of the ladder

• Never allow more than one person at a time on a ladder

Portable Ladders

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Portable Ladders

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• Portable ladders are subdivided into two categories − Step ladders − Extension ladders

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Step Ladders

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• A step ladder is used to perform work at relatively low levels or when an appropriate upper support is not available

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• Most commonly used to transit to a higher level where permanent access is not provided

• Ladder footing must be on a firm, level surface to prevent the base from kicking out

• Open ladder must maintain a 4:1 slope − Angled so the base of the ladder is one foot away from

the vertical plane for each rise of four feet • Top of the ladder must rest against a sturdy support • Top of the ladder must extend three feet past the

upper level • Must be tied off to avoid slippage

Extension Ladders

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Extension Ladders

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• Never use a metal ladder when electrical hazards are present

• Be aware of overhead power

lines and other electrical connections when setting up and moving a metal ladder

Metal Ladders

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• Provided in frequently accessed, elevated areas • A visual inspection ensures it is in an acceptable

condition before climbing • A fixed ladder higher than 20 feet must be

equipped with fall protection cages or other protective devices

• Rest platforms must be provided every 30 feet

Fixed Ladders

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Fixed Ladders

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• Designed primarily as a work platform • Allow workers to perform a job that

− Takes a long time − Requires both hands − Requires more than one person

• Only use a scaffold for its intended purpose based on the type of scaffold used

• A stairway or ladder must be provided and used for climbing onto a scaffold

• Always place on a firm level surface

Scaffolds

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• Store in a place that will avoid excessive weathering or damage

• Securely fasten risers and braces with the locking mechanism properly engaged

• Keep materials away from the bracing and footing of a scaffold

• Use of scaffolds that are covered with snow, ice or other slippery materials is prohibited

• Use of shore and lean-to scaffolds is prohibited

Scaffolds

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Scaffolds

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• Pole • Tube and coupler • Fabricated frame • Outrigger • Single point adjustable suspension • Two point adjustable suspension

Types of Scaffolds

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• Can only be used on a smooth, firm, level surface • Workers are only allowed on the scaffold when it

is stationary

Wheeled Scaffolds

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• Design and assembly of a scaffold • Dismantle or move a scaffold • Repair or alter a scaffold • Determine the maximum load capacity and

ensure that it is not exceeded at any time • Inspection of a scaffold

Qualified Worker Responsibilities

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• Must be inspected for − Deterioration − Damage − Missing parts

• Must be inspected − Before workers are allowed to use them − Before each shift − After any occurrence that may affect the

stability or safe use of the scaffolding

Scaffold Inspection

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• The structure that the scaffold is secured to must be capable of withstanding the load

• The load includes − Vertical load, such as the weight of the scaffold − Horizontal load, such as the wind blowing on tarps

• All scaffolds and components must support, without failure, its own weight and at least four times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it

Load Capacity

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• The height of a freestanding scaffold is limited to four times the smallest dimension of the base − For example, a 5 x 10 freestanding scaffold cannot

exceed a height of 20 feet tall

• Guying or tying is necessary if a scaffold needs to be taller − Secure scaffold to a tall structure − Prevent swaying or displacement − Must be tied at least every 30 feet horizontally and

every 26 feet vertically

Height Limitations

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• Must be made of scaffolding grade material

• Must completely cover the entire working platform

• Must form a smooth, continuous working surface

• Must not have any gaps large enough for tools or materials to fall through

• Wooden planking must extend past the end supports by no less than 6 inches and no more than 12 inches

• Metal planking must not extend past the end supports

Planking

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• Electrical hazards can include − Working near energized or exposed electric lines − Using electric power tools − Using welding equipment

• Scaffolds must not be closer than 10 feet to power lines • Electric power tools create a risk of electrocution or

shock because a metal frame scaffold is conductive − Scaffold should be grounded to reduce the risk of injury

• To reduce the risk of electrocution or shock − Use a GFCI − Assured Grounding program

Scaffold Hazards

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• Area above and below the work being done on a scaffold can create fall hazards

• Area must be inspected before the job begins and cleared of any objects with the potential to fall on workers

• Ladders should not be used on a scaffold to increase the working height unless specific conditions are met

• Workers should not stand on boxes, crates or barrels to increase their working height

Scaffold Hazards

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• A fall arrest system should be worn even if a scaffold is equipped with handrails

• The company must ensure that wearing fall protection does not create a greater hazard

• The tie-off point selected for a fall arrest system cannot be a part of the scaffold

• A hard hat must be worn at all times if there is a chance of falling hand tools, debris or other small objects

Fall and Falling Object Protection

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• Eliminate the chance of materials falling from the scaffold − Do not stack materials where they can be knocked off − Tie hand tools and equipment to a safety line

• The area below the scaffold should be protected using a barricade and worker access must be restricted

Fall and Falling Object Protection

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• Handrails must be installed on all open ends and sides of scaffolding greater than 10 feet high − Handrails must be equipped with a top rail between 36

and 42 inches high and a mid-rail − Never climb or work from the handrail, midrail, braces or

cross-braces of a scaffold system

• Toeboards must be placed along the edge of platforms greater than 10 feet high for a distance sufficient to protect workers below − Toeboards must be at least 4 inches high to prevent loose

objects from being kicked over the side

Fall and Falling Object Protection

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• Additional protection that will deflect or contain falling objects can include − Toeboards − Screens − Guardrails − Debris nets − Catch platforms − Canopy structures

Fall and Falling Object Protection

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