Elements of Poetry[1]
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Transcript of Elements of Poetry[1]
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Elements of
Poetry
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What do you knowabout poetry?
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1. Speaker
a. The voice that communicates
with the reader of a poem.
b. A poems speaker can be the
voice of a person, an animal, oreven a thing.
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Example
Lie back, daughter, let your head
Be tipped back in the cup of my hand.
from First Lesson by Philip Booth
Who is the speaker?
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2. Lines and Stanzas
a. line- a row of words, which may
or may not form a complete
sentence.
b. Stanza- a group of lines forminga unit (poem paragraph)
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Example
Drum on your drums,
batter on your banjoes,
Sob on the long cool
winding saxophones.
Go to it, O jazzmen.
From Jazz Fantasia by Carl Sandburg
Identify a line and a stanza.
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3. Rhythm
Rhythm- the pattern of sound
created by the arrangement ofstressed and unstressed
syllable in a line. Rhythm can
be regular or irregular.
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Example
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary
Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore
While I nodded nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,
As of someone gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door
Tis some visitor, I muttered, tapping at my chamber door
Only this and nothing more.
From The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe
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4. Rhyme
a. Internal rhyme- occurs within lines
of poetry
b. End rhyme- occurs at the ends of
lines
c. Rhyme scheme- the pattern of rhyme
formed by the end rhyme
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Example
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary
Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore
While I nodded nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,
As of someone gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door
Tis some visitor, I muttered, tapping at my chamber door
Only this and nothing more.
Find examples of end rhyme and internal rhyme and the rhyme
scheme.
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5. Sound Devices
a. Alliteration- the repetition ofconsonant sounds
b. Onomatopoeia- the use of a word orphrase, such as swoosh or clank, that
imitates or suggests the sound ofwhat it describes
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Example
Give an example of alliteration.
Give an example of onomatopoeia.
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6. Imagery
a. Imagery- descriptive language
used to represent objects,
feelings, and thoughts.
b. It often appeals to the five
senses- sight, hearing, touch,taste, smell.
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Example
Black horse drive a mower through the weeds,
And there, a field rat, startled, squealing bleeds.
from Reapers by Jean Toomer
To what senses do these lines appeal?
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7. Figures of Speech
a. Simile- uses the words like oras
to compare two unlike things
Example: My love is like a red,
red rose.
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7. Figures of Speech
b. Metaphor- compares two or more different
things by stating or implying that one
thing is another
Example:
I was not one for keeping
Rubbed in a cage a wing that would be
free.
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Extended metaphor
a metaphor thatappears through out a
poem
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Dead metaphor
Metaphor so common that it ispart of everyday speech
Examples: the woman is a
beautiful flower or love abeautiful flower
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7. Figures of Speech
c. Personification- giving human
characteristics to an animal, object,
or idea
Example:
The headlights of the car stared at Bill.
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Apostrophe
Addressing/ speaking to an animal,
object, or idea as if it were a
human
Example: Death, why do you mockme?
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Other Literary Elements
Hyperbole exaggeration to create aneffect
Examples:I was so surprised you could haveknocked me over with a feather.
I would rather die than eat brusselssprouts.
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Other Literary Elements
Oxymoron two or three words
that combine opposite ideas
Examples:
sweet sorrow
jumbo shrimp
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Other Literary Elements
Paradox holding contradictory ideastogether in order to point to a deeper truthExamples:
For it is in giving that we receive,
In pardoning that we are pardoned,
And in dying that we are born to eternal life.
Saint Francis ofAssisi
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Types ofPoetry
Epic a long narrative poem (tells a story)
in which a hero has a great adventure
Lyrical expresses a speakers personalthoughts and feelings
Narrative tells a story
Dramatic the speaker is a character whogives a speech (like a monologue in a play)
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Introduction to PoetryIntroduction to Poetry
By Billy CollinsBy Billy Collins
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I ask them to take a poemI ask them to take a poem
and hold it to the lightand hold it to the light
like a color slidelike a color slide
or press an ear against its hive.or press an ear against its hive.
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I say drop a mouse into a poemI say drop a mouse into a poem
and watch him probe his way out.and watch him probe his way out.
or walk inside a poems roomor walk inside a poems room
and feel the walls for a light switch.and feel the walls for a light switch.
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But all they want to doBut all they want to do
is tie the poem to a chair with ropeis tie the poem to a chair with rope
and torture a confession out of it.and torture a confession out of it.
They begin beating it with a hoseThey begin beating it with a hose
to find out what it really means.to find out what it really means.