Elements of Communication
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Transcript of Elements of Communication
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Elements of CommunicationChapter 2 – pages 24-49
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Key TermsChannelConnotative meaningContextDenotative meaningFeedbackNoise
Nonverbal messages
Perception
Slang
Verbal messages
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Essential Elements of Communication
1. Verbal messages
2. Nonverbal messages
3. Perception
4. Channel – HOW the message is delivered
5. Feedback
6. Context – WHERE the message is delivered
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Verbal messages
Messages that use words Spoken
Includes choice of words and order of words “Can you tell me how to get to the
movie theater?” “The AMC, where do I find it?”
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Verbal Messages (cont)
To communicate effectively, a person must select the most precise words to get his or her ideas across.
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Who’s on first?
Listen to the following Abbot and Costello comedy sketch, and see if you can identify the names of the baseball players for the following positions-
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Verbal Messages (cont)
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Connotative Meanings
Some connotative meanings are shared by a culture or society Consider this: Capitalism and
democracy from American perspective
Consider this: Capitalism and democracy from _______ perspective
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Connotative Meanings (cont)
Some connotative meanings vary by individuals
How do the connotative meanings of the word rose vary in these examples? When Marissa was young, her father worked
nights and rarely could make it to her dance recitals. When he could attend, he always bought her a bouquet of roses and took her to dinner to celebrate. These are some of her favorite childhood memories of her father.
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Connotative Meanings (cont)
How do the connotative meanings of the word rose vary in these examples? When Arianna was 8, she was in the hospital
because of a head concussion. The doctors gave her many shots, and put her in many terrifying machines during the three days she was there. Many of her family members sent her roses and get-well cards. Now, when she sees a rose, she thinks about the shots and the machines in the hospital.
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Language Evolves
Language changes over time Wet Salt
Other examples? Pejoratives?
Slang is informal language unique to a group Slang changes frequently Most difficult for non-members to
understandOther examples?
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Language Evolves (cont)
New speakers bring elements of old language and add to the new
(Semi-) common words added to American English-also called loanwords Zombie (African) Tsunami (Japanese) Attorney (French) Literature (French) Ghetto (Italian)
Information from http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words/loanwords.html
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Chapter 2: Day 3 – Friday, February 7th, 2014
Non-verbal Communication 1 slide of notes
Stack the deck Line up Gestures
Perceptions (if time)
Homework: If you have an iPhone, download “Oldster”. (Take a selfie, and it will age you 60 years)
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Nonverbal messages
Messages without words
How do you create messages without words? Appearance Facial expressions Eye contact, posture Gestures Voice
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Stack the deck
1. Give each student a playing card2. Take a card. Memorize it (# and suit). Put it in your pocket. NO ONE SEES YOUR CARD BUT YOU.3. No talking.4. Assemble into 4 groups according to suits (hearts, clubs, diamonds, spades) using nonverbal communication. 5. Once students get into those groups, they must line up in order of rank, from ace (first) to 7/8 (last). 6. The group that lines up in proper order first wins!
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1st activity: Non-verbal: Without speaking at all, line up around the room in
order of youngest to oldest in class.
2nd activity: GUESSTURES Red/Black cards
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Individual Perceptions
Perception – process of giving meaning to information you learn through your five senses
2 steps Something affects your senses You interpret and explain sensation
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Tone changes - Individual Perceptions
You hear a friend say, “It’s about time you showed up.” He sounds like he is growling You interpret – _________
You hear a friend say, “It’s about time you showed up.” He smiles as he says it You interpret – ___________
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Individual Perceptions
Each person perceives differently – You look “sick” or _______ Person A hears a joke Person B hears an insult
Three major factors influence perception Physical differences Past Experiences Present situation
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Perception!
Using only your body language and how you perceive the ball, pass the ball around the room imagining it is: 100 lb weight Balloon Hot potato Puppy Newborn baby
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What did this activity teach you about perception? What are the two steps to perception? What are the three things that influence it?
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Individual Perceptions
Physical differences People’s senses differ
Near-sighted/far-sighted
Past experiences Cultural knowledge, things that you have done
Present situation How you feel mentally and physically
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Channels of Communication
Channel – the way that a message is communicated You say something (sound) Your facial expressions (sight) Your smell (smell) {Did you remember
your deodorant today? People receive messages from this}
Giving someone a hug (touch) We rarely use taste to communicate – so
don’t go licking strangers!
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Channels of Communication
People often place greater emphasis on one channel over another
Noise – anything that interferes with a listener’s ability to receive a message
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Channels of Communication
Examples of noise (Internal vs. External) Daydreaming Actual noise from TV, radio, etc Reading/writing a text while someone is
speaking A headache Boredom Uncomfortable environment
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Activities
Role-play various stereotypical non-verbal messages that you associate with the following people. How does each person walk or stand? Who do you think this person is trying to be? Mr. Sanders notes (Pg. 48)
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Feedback
Feedback = the messages that a listener sends a speaker about how the communication is being perceived
Feedback is verbal and nonverbal
Feedback can be positive or negative
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Feedback
Positive feedback Tells the speaker that the message is
being communicated clearly
Negative feedback Tells speaker that the message is unclear
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Feedback
Effective communicators respond and adapt to the feedback they receive Positive feedback -> explain less, move
through material more quickly Negative feedback -> explain more, slow down
Feedback differs by culture Some cultures find it rude to make eye
contact, for example
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Feedback
Self-Feedback Being aware of your behavior, and
adjusting your actions Examples: Feel like you’re talking too
much
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Context
The setting and people that surround a message Helps reveal message’s real meaning Setting – how does the time, location, and
occasion affect the message? Dad has been working late this week, and not getting
enough sleep. He comes home really late one night and yells at your younger brother for not tying his shoes, even though your brother doesn’t know how to tie his shoes. The time and the occasion help you to understand that Dad is upset because it’s late and he’s tired, not because he’s really mad at your brother.
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Context
People are part of context
Who you are talking to, and who is around when you are talking, will influence what you say and how you say it.
In what situations do actions speak louder than words?