ELEMENTS OF ART “My belief is that it is most important for an artist to develop an approach and...
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ELEMENTS OF ART “My belief is that it is most
important for an artist to develop an approach and philosophy about life-if he has developed this philosophy, he does not put paint on canvas, he puts himself on canvas.”
o-Jacob Lawrence (1917-2000)
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LINE LINE: The path of a moving point
through space.
Line is a mark made by a pointed tool-brush, pencil stick, pen, etc. It is a moving dot and often suggests movement.Line can be considered in two ways. The linear marks made with a pen or brush or the edge created when two shapes meet. - When thinking about line, think about:
DIRECTION All lines have direction - Horizontal, Vertical or Oblique.
- Horizontal suggest rest and calmness. - Oblique (Diagonal) suggests movement and
action.
- Vertical gives a feeling of balance/stability.
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LINE Direction can have a powerful influence on the mood of a
piece of art. It is something often overlooked, but making a conscience decision about the dominant direction in an artwork can have a noticeable effect on the atmosphere of the work.
Sometimes the subject will dictate the dominant direction. Sometimes the subject will allow you to impose a direction on it.
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LINE In the paintings below the subject dictates the direction.
The strong horizontal lines of the water, boats and buildings in the first example give a feeling of stillness and calm. In the second example, the diagonal lines of the shoreline and the rocks reinforce the feeling of movement. The third example has a dominant vertical direction which adds a static orderly influence to what might be a random chaotic painting.
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SHAPE SHAPE:
A shape is a self contained defined area of geometric or organic form. A positive shape in a painting automatically creates a negative shape.
- 2-D: Shape has length and width; it is two-dimensional.
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SPACE SPACE:
Refers to the emptiness or area between, around, above, below or within objects. Shapes and forms are defined by space around and within them.
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TEXTURETEXTURE:Texture is the surface quality of a shape - rough, smooth, soft hard glossy etc. Texture can be physical (tactile) or visual. (How things look or feel.)
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COLORCOLOR: An element that is
derived from reflected light.
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COLORCOLOR- Color depends on light
because it is made of light. There must be light for us to see color.
A red shirt will not look red in the dark, where there is no light. The whiter the light, the more true the colors will be.
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COLOR Color has three properties:
1) Hue: The name of a color in the color spectrum, such as red, blue or yellow.
2) Value: Describes the lightness or darkness of a color. (Also an art element.)
3) Intensity: The brightness or dullness of a hue.
TINT- Adding white to a color.
SHADE- Adding black to a color.
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COLOR SCHEMES WARM COLORS- Red, Orange, Yellow
COOL COLORS- Blue, Purple, Green
PRIMARY COLORS- Red, Yellow, Blue
SECONDARY COLORS- Purple, Green, Orange
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COLOR SCHEMES TERTIARY COLORS- Fall between
primary and secondary. (Blue-green, Red-violet).
NEUTRAL COLORS- Colors containing a mixture of the three primaries. All the browns, khakis and earth colors are compound/neutral colors.
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COLOR SCHEMES Monochromatic: One color.
- A monochromatic color scheme uses only one color and the tints and shades of that color/hue.
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COLOR SCHEMES Analogous: Colors that sit side by side on the
color wheel and have a common hue. (Minimum 3)
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COLOR SCHEMES Complementary: The colors opposite each other
on the color wheel.
-Mixing a color with its complement dulls the hue or lowers the intensity. Eventually, the hue will lose its own color quality and appear a neutral gray or brown.
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COLOR SCHEMES Color Triads: Composed of three colors spaced an
equal distance apart on the color wheel.
-The contrast between triad colors is not as strong as that between complements.
-Primary Triad: Red, Yellow, Blue
-Secondary Triad: Purple, Green, Orange
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COLOR SCHEMESSplit Compliments: The combination of one color plus the colors on each side of its complement.
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VALUEVALUE- Value is the lightness
or darkness of a color. Value is also called Tone. Value depends on how much light a surface reflects. (Value is one of the three properties of color.)
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FORM FORM- Form describes volume and mass, or the three
dimensional aspects that take up space.
-Height, width and depth. Forms are either geometric or organic (free-form.)
-Forms can and should be viewed from many angles. When you hold a baseball, shoe or small sculpture, you are aware of their curves, angles, indentations, extensions and edges-their FORMS.
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Principles of DesignBALANCE- Equalizes visual forces,
or elements, in a work of art.
A large shape close to the center can be balanced by a small shape close to the edge. A large light toned shape will be balanced by a small dark toned shape (the darker the shape the heavier it appears to be)
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BALANCETYPES OF BALANCE
Symmetrical: (Type of Formal Balance) Occurs when equal elements are placed on opposite sides of the central axis.
-Essentially, we could cut it directly in half and have mirror images.
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Asymmetrical: (Informal) A balance of unlike objects (which make it appear balanced.)
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Radial: Occurs when the forces or elements of a design come out (radiate) from a central point.
-The axis is the center point.
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MOVEMENT
The principle of art used to create the look and feeling of action and to guide the viewer’s eyes throughout the work of art.
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PATTERNVisual Repetition
-Has no movement. May or may not have rhythm.
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CONTRAST CONTRAST- Strikingly different.
-Refers to differences in values, colors, textures, shapes and other elements.
-Creates visual excitement and adds interest to the work.
**Examples include:
-Opposite colors on the color wheel: Red & Green, Blue & Orange
-Contrast in tone or value: light / dark.
-Contrast in direction - horizontal / vertical.
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CONTRAST The major contrast in a painting should be located
at the center of interest. Too much contrast scattered throughout a painting can destroy unity and make a work difficult to look at. Unless a feeling of chaos and confusion are what you are seeking, it is a good idea to carefully consider where to place your areas of maximum contrast.
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RHYTHM The repetition of visual movement-colors, shapes, and
lines.
Variety is essential to keep rhythms exciting and active and to avoid monotony.
Movement and rhythm work together to create the visual equivalent of a musical beat.
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RHYTHM
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RHYTHM **REPETITION- Repetition with variation
is interesting, without variation repetition can become monotonous.
The five squares above are all the same. They can be taken in and understood with a single glance.
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RHYTHM
When variation is introduced, the five squares, although similar, are much more interesting to look at. They can no longer be absorbed properly with a single glance. The individual character of each square needs to be considered.
If you wish to create interest, any repeating element should include a degree of variation.
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UNITY The visual linking of various elements of the work. One of the most important aspects of well-designed
art. Planned by the artist. Provides a cohesive quality to the work. WHEN ALL THE ELEMENTS IN A WORK LOOK AS
THOUGH THEY BELONG TOGETHER, THE ARTIST HAS ACHIEVED UNITY.
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EMPHASIS
Creates dominance and focus in artwork.
Artists can emphasize color, value, shapes, or other elements to create dominance.
Various kinds of contrast can be used to emphasize a center of interest.
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**DOMINANCE- Dominance gives a painting interest, counteracting confusion and monotony. Dominance can be applied to one or more of the elements to give emphasis.
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Principles of Design
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Serenity is not freedom from the storm, it is the peace within.