ELEMENTS OF [3-D] DESIGNForm, Line, Plane, Volume, Mass, Space, Texture, Light, Color, Time

Principles of Design• Unity (re-visiting this)• grouping• containment• proximity• continuity• repetition• closure• rhythm• pattern• • Variety• difference• texture• Balance• symmetry, radial symmetry asymmetry• • Size Relationships• scale• proportion• • Emphasis (re-visiting this)• isolation• contrast• focal point•

Piet Mondrian 1872-1944“Broadway Boogie Woogie”

Daniel Libeskind

Rachel Whiteread“Stacks”

Similarity, Proximity and Alignment

• Items of similar size, shape and color tend to be grouped together by the brain, and a semantic relationship between the items is formed. In addition, items in close proximity to or aligned with one another tend to be grouped in a similar way.

REVISITING a few of the rules of composition:(Do not attach “good” or “bad” to any of these

qualities… they are merely observations.)

• ➡ Avoid placement at dead center• ➡ Symmetry tends to promote

stability• ➡ Diagonals are more active than• horizontals• ➡ Proximity creates tension• ➡ Sameness is frequently boring• ➡ Regularity creates rhythm• ➡ Contrast exaggerates an effect• ➡ Placement in corners creates• awkward tension• ➡ Arches support weight, inverted• arches imply weight• ➡ Equal amounts of figure and

ground confuse the eye