Element Elements and Compounds Coal Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil Compounds A compound is a substance...

ElementElements and Compounds CoalMineral Coal and Mineral

Oil

Compounds

A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements, chemically combined with one another in a fixed proportion.

Water, sugar, salt, carbon dioxide, methane etc are the examples of compounds.

Objectives:

Coal and its formation.

Types of Coal.

Destructive distillation of Coal.

ElementElements and Compounds Extraction of SulphurNon-metals

Compounds



Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil Coal

What is COAL?

COAL

Coal is an organic sedimentary rock that forms from the accumulation and preservation of plant materials, usually in a swamp environment. Coal is a combustible rock and along with oil & natural gas it is one of the three most important fossil fuels. Coal has a wide range of uses; the most important use is for the generation of electricity.


Compounds




How Does COAL Form?

COAL through a microscope

Coal forms from the accumulation of plant debris, usually in a swamp environment. When plant debris dies and falls into the swamp the standing water of the swamp protects it from decay.

About ten feet of plant debris will compact into just one foot of coal.

http://geology.com/articles/coal-through-a-microscope.shtml


Compounds




Types of COALCoal is of Four Main Types:-1. Peat2. Lignite3. Bituminous4. Anthracite

LigniteAnthracite Bituminous

Peat


Compounds




PEATPeat contains about 28% carbon. It is called rough coal.

Wax, acetone, acetic acid, methanol as well as cyclic organic compounds are available from destructive distillation of peat.


Compounds




LIGNITELignite contains about 28 to 30% carbon. It contains volatile matter and moisture also.

It is used as fuel in railway engines, thermal power stations and small and big industries. Lignite is used to obtain coal gas and coal tar is obtained as residue, in which cyclic hydrocarbons, phenol, cresol and other compounds are present.


Compounds




BITUMINOUS

Bituminous coal contains about 78 to 86% carbon. It also contains volatile matters and moisture in some proportion.

It is used as fuel in the production of steel and in production of electricity.


Compounds




ANTHRACITE

Anthracite is a matured form of mineral coal. It contains about 94 to 98% carbon. When pure anthracite burns, smoke or smell is not produced and the amount of residue is very less. Hence, anthracite is considered as the best type of coal.


Compounds




When coal is heated without air, it does not burn but produces many by-products. This process of heating coal in the absence of

air is called destructive distillation of coal.

Destructive Distillation of Coal


Compounds




Destructive Distillation of Coal

The hot gases produced during destructive distillation of coal are known as coal gas. The coal remained in the retort is known as coke. It is used for burning and in preparing steel from iron. The black sticky liquid substance which is insoluble in water and settles down is called tar.

One 1000 kg of coal produces,700 kg of Coke, 100 liters of Liquor Ammonia, 50 liters of Coal Tar and 400 m3 of Coal gas.


Compounds




Coke

Coke is black-brown coloured hard and porous substance. It contains about 80% carbon. It is used as smokeless fuel in the production of water gas.

Coke is a fuel which can be used in homes and factories. But it is largely used as a reducing agent in the extraction of metals from their ores. It is also used in making fuel gases like water gas which is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.


Compounds




Coal Tar and Coal Gas

Coal tar is dark black coloured liquid. Coal tar which is a mixture of different carbon compounds can be used to make soap, fats, dyes plastics perfumes, drugs, pesticides, explosives etc.

The coal gas, also called as a town gas is a mixture of hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide which are combustible making the coal gas an excellent fuel having high calorific values.

Element Elements and Compounds Coal Mineral Coal and Mineral Oil Compounds A compound is a substance...

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