element e. Explain the importance of the Presidencies of George Washington and John Adams; include the Whiskey Rebellion, non-intervention in Europe, and the development of political parties (Alexander Hamilton). Standard 6 e. Explain the importance of the Presidencies of George Washington and John Adams; include the Whiskey Rebellion, non- intervention in Europe, and the development of political parties (Alexander Hamilton). EQ: 1. How did the certain precedents set by Washington and Adams influence the executive branch? 2. How did Washington feel about getting involved in European conflicts? 3. What was the cause and impact of the Whiskey Rebellion? Learning target The student will understand how early presidents shaped our nation. EQ: Heading: Unit 6 1. How would you explain the importance of Washington's Presidency? 2. How did Washington feel about getting involved in European conflicts? 2A. Why is that important? 3. What was the Whiskey Rebellion? 3A. Why is the Whiskey Rebellion significant? 4.How would you explain the importance of Adams presidency? e. Explain the importance of the Presidencies of George Washington and John Adams; include the Whiskey Rebellion, non-intervention in Europe, and the development of political parties (Alexander Hamilton). 1. How would you explain the importance of Washington's Presidency? 2. How did Washington feel about getting involved in European conflicts? 2A. Why is that important? 3. What was the Whiskey Rebellion? 3A. Why is the Whiskey Rebellion significant? 4.How would you explain the importance of Adams presidency? George Washington Whiskey Rebellion John Adams Louisiana Purchase Lewis and Clark War of 1812 Monroe Doctrine *Cabinet *Two-party system *Protective tariff Learning target: The student will be able to explain the role early presidents played in shaping the nation. Washington timeline Jun 15, 1775 Commander in Chief At the instigation of John Adams, Washington is appointed commander in chief of the armed forces of the United Colonies.John Adams Washington Timeline May 1787 Constitutional Convention Frustrated by the weakness of the Articles of Confederation, Washington chairs the Constitutional Convention to revise them. His signature on the final document guarantees it will be taken seriously.Articles of ConfederationConstitutional Convention Washington timeline Apr 14, 1789 First President Secretary of the Congress Charles Thomson informs Washington that he has just been elected president of the United States.Charles Thomson Washington timeline Apr 30, 1789 Washington Inaugural Washington is inaugurated the nation's first president in the temporary capital of New York City.president Washington timeline Feb 13, 1793 Reelection to Second Term Convinced that the new division between Federalists and Republicans demands he stay on, Washington stands for a second term. He is reelected unanimously.FederalistsRepublicans Washington timeline Sep 19, 1796 Farewell Address Washington publishes his "Farewell Address" in Philadelphia's American Daily Advertiser."Farewell Address" element e. Explain the importance of the Presidencies of George Washington and John Adams; include the Whiskey Rebellion, non-intervention in Europe, and the development of political parties (Alexander Hamilton). Learning Target: The student will be able to describe/explain the key people, events, and policies that took place under Washington. EQ: Heading: Unit 6 1. How would you explain the importance of Washington's Presidency? 2. How did Washington feel about getting involved in European conflicts? 2A. Why is that important? 3. What was the Whiskey Rebellion? 3A. Why is the Whiskey Rebellion significant? 4.How would you explain the importance of Adams presidency? Important events under Washington Judiciary Act of 1789 Formation of 2 political parties Whiskey Rebellion Conflicts in Europe George Washington Only served 2 terms Hired a cabinet to advise him Set up departments (Dept. of war Dept. of State, Dept. of Treasury) Led the military to put down a rebellion Established policy of neutrality Believed America should not form alliances with foreign countries. Warned against political parties in his farewell address. Importance of Washingtons presidency He established important patterns for future presidents to follow.. Formation of 2 political parties Different opinions about the governments power, taxes, and policies led to the formation of the first 2 political parties. Alexander Hamilton Federalist First secretary of treasury His party wanted to create a stronger national government. Thomas Jefferson 1 st secretary of State common man Favored a limited role by the government. Anti-Federalist=Republicans=Democratic-Republicans Wanted the government to abide by a strict interpretation of the Constitution EQ How did Washington feel about getting involved in European conflicts? 2A. Why is that important? Importance of Washingtons presidency(non-intervention) Washington favored non-intervention in Europe and avoided siding with France against Great Britain. persuaded Britain to forgive many pre- Revolutionary debts and to drop certain restrictions on American trade with British colonies in the Americas. This ushered in an era of booming trade with Britain. It established a policy of neutrality that is still in effect today 3. What was the Whiskey Rebellion? 3A. Why is the Whiskey Rebellion significant? Whiskey Rebellion Alexander Hamilton wanted to raise revenue by taxing corn whiskey. This angered farmers who attacked tax collectors Federal troops sent in to stop rebellion Significance of Whiskey Rebellion The new federal government will enforce laws. Or, The government will protect the U.S. from foreign or domestic enemies. Or, The new government quickly put down a rebellion where the old government was unable to stop Shays Rebellion Or, The national legislature has the ability to pass and collect taxes Or Washington displayed the authority of the president George Washington First U.S. President Whiskey Rebellion= congress placed a tax on corn whiskey, and the farmers that were making the whiskey started a rebellion. Washington demonstrated that the President would lead an army against all enemies whether foreign or domestic. 4.How would you explain the importance of Adams presidency? John Adams 1st U.S. Vice-President Became second president of U.S. Beat Jefferson in the 1796 election for president. He was also a federalist. Lost to Jefferson in the 1800 election John Adams Presidency Adams taking office showed that power can exchange hands between people without a rebellion or violence He continued policies put in place by Washington John Adams Presidency Alien and Sedition Acts- made it harder to become citizens and punished those who criticized the government. Adams wanted to limit those voting for Jefferson and did not want people criticizing the government. Sig, thrown out because it was unconstitutional since it violated . John Adams Presidency XYZ Affair=France demanded bribes to work out a peace agreement. Caused resentment towards France Sig Many people criticize the way Adams handled things. He becomes unpopular with voters and loses the next election of 1800 to Jefferson Alexander Hamilton Federalist First secretary of treasury His party wanted to create a stronger national government. Explain the Northwest Ordinance's importance in the westward migration of Americans, and on slavery, public education, and the addition of new states.[SSUSH6.a] [Describe Jefferson's diplomacy in obtaining the Louisiana Purchase from France and the territory's exploration by Lewis and Clark.[SSUSH6.b] EQ How did the Northwest Ordinance impact migration, slavery, public education, and newly added states? How did the Louisiana Purchase impact the nation? Learning Target The student will be able to explain how the country began and continued to expand out west. Thomas Jefferson 1 st secretary of State common man Favored a limited role by the government. Anti-Federalist=Republicans=Democratic-Republicans Wanted the government to abide by a strict interpretation of the Constitution Alexander Hamilton, James Madison Anti-federalists judicial branch Articles of Confederation legislative branch Baron Charles de Montesquieu, New Jersey Plan Bill of Rights, reserved powers checks and balances, Roger Sherman Constitutional Convention, separation of powers executive branch, Shay's Rebellion Federalists, Virginia Plan, Veto Great Compromise, Three-Fifths Compromise The Northwest Ordinance Passed by Congress in 1787 Est. a set of principles & procedures for statehood, applied first to states carved out of the Northwest Territory. Northwest Territory Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Ohio, Indiana Guaranteed civil liberties, est. guidelines for statehood, encouraged education, & banned slavery from the entire region. Thomas Jefferson Election of 1800 Tied with Aaron Burr for the most electoral votes. The House decides the election and makes Jefferson President. Led to the 12 th amendment(vote prez and vp separately) Louisiana Purchase b. Describe Jeffersons diplomacy in obtaining the Louisiana Purchase from France and the territorys exploration by Lewis and Clark. Louisiana Purchase Jefferson wanted to gain control of New Orleans so the U.S. could have a port city on the Mississippi River He knew Napoleon needed the Money to finance his war in Europe. Louisiana Purchase Jefferson sent delegates to France to offer Napoleon $10 million for New Orleans Needing the money and tired of trying to run colonies in American Napoleon offered to sell the Louisiana Territory for 3 cents an acre (15 million for all) Louisiana Purchase This purchase doubled the size of the U.S. and gave the U.S. control of the Mississippi River The Lewis & Clark Expedition Led by Meriwether Lewis & William Clark They were hired to explore the Louisiana Territory Explored the Louisiana Purchase. Created maps of trails, rivers, and mountain ranges. And described plants, animals, and people. Poster Assignment Create a poster covering the Northwest Ordinance. Poster should include the importance of slavery, education, and the addition of new states in western expansion. Create a poster covering the Louisiana Purchase. The poster should include Who was the President who bought it, it was bought from, explored it Why did the US want the Territory? What did the purchase accomplish? When did the Purchase take place? What did the explorers accomplish on their expedition? Supreme Court rules that a law passed by Congress was unconstitutional This establishes Judicial review for the Supreme Court Control of the Atlantic trade continued to create conflict between France & England. 1807 Congress imposed an embargo, or halt, of foreign trade, directed against France & Great Britain. Caused economic depression in U.S. American merchant ships were seized at sea by both the French & British. British forced many American sailors into service in the British Royal Navy. U.S. believed the British were arming Native Americans. June 18, 1812 Congress declared war on G.B. 1814 Signed Treaty of Ghent. Gave U.S. a sense of nationalism, expanded trade, & westward movement. Britain was enforcing to prevent neutral American merchants from trading with the French. British policy of impressment. Americans suspected the British were giving military support to Native Americans so they would fight to keep Americans from settling lands west of the Appalachian Mountains. Americans wished to drive the British out of North America altogether by conquering Canada while the British army was fighting the French in Europe Ended all U.S/ Great Britain aggression. The last time Britain and the United States wage war over diplomacy, trade, territory, or any other kind of dispute. America's army and navy were firmly established. The U.S. military achievements gave Americans a sense of national pride. 1819 U.S. & Spain sign the Adams-Onis Treaty Also called the Transcontinental Treaty U.S. gained ownership of Florida, parts of Alabama & Mississippi from Spain. Spain retained Texas, while giving up its claims to the Oregon Territory. Dec.2, 1823 President James Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine. U.S. would not tolerate any additional European colonies in North America. Steamboat developed in 1825 Erie Canal: connected Lake Erie to the west with the Hudson River to the east. USH 6e c. Explain major reasons for the War of 1812 and the wars significance on the development of a national identity. EQ: What were the reasons for the War of 1812? EQ: How did the War of 1812 help develop a national identity? War of 1812 Causes Britain was supplying native Americans with weapons. Britain's use of impressing American sailors Britain's use of blockade of Europe Warhawks wanted the British out of America. Results War of 1812 Causes Britain was supplying native Americans with weapons. Britain's use of impressing American sailors Britain's use of blockade of Europe Americans wished to drive the British out of North America altogether by conquering Canada Results America proved their independence. US army and navy established as a reputable military. War of 1812 Causes Britain was supplying Native Americans with weapons. Britain's use of impressing American sailors Britain's use of blockade of Europe Americans wished to conquer Canada Results US army and navy established as a reputable military. End of US and British hostilities. Militaries performance greatly increases patriotism. Element and EQ e. Describe the reasons for and importance of the Monroe Doctrine. EQ: What was the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine? EQ: What is the importance of the Monroe Doctrine? James Monroe Monroe Doctrine Following the end of the Napoleonic Wars, Spains colonial holdings gained their independence. When a possible Franco-Spanish alliance appeared imminent in 1823, President James Monroe warned the nations of Europe not to meddle in the politics of North and South America. James Monroe When a group of European countries planned to help one another recapture American colonies that had gained independence, Monroe announced that the United States would prevent European nations from interfering with independent American countries James Monroe. Further, Monroe said the United States would remain neutral in wars between European nations and would not interfere with their American colonies. In summary, the Monroe Doctrine defined a key aspect of U.S. foreign policy to which America still holds today. Colonies What was the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine? To warn European countries about colonizing in America. To protect the U.S. from border conflicts with European countries. To stop Europeans from causing more conflicts in America. France and Spain were trying to gain more land in America and Monroe believed it would eventually cause us to go to war against both countries. EQ: What is the importance of the Monroe Doctrine?, the Monroe Doctrine defined a key aspect of U.S. foreign policy to which America still holds today. the Monroe Doctrine set a policy of preemptive strike to protect us from foreign attacks. It kept/keeps our enemies from creating colonies/bases close to the U.S. EQ: Heading: Unit 6 1. How would you explain the importance of Washington's Presidency? 2. How did Washington feel about getting involved in European conflicts? 2A. Why is that important? 3. What was the Whiskey Rebellion? 3A. Why is the Whiskey Rebellion significant? 4.How would you explain the importance of Adams presidency? EQ: What was the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine? EQ: What is the importance of the Monroe Doctrine? EQ: What were the reasons for the War of 1812? EQ: How did the War of 1812 help develop a national identity? What were the first two political parties? Which would you be a member of? Why? Growth of Cities and Transportation National Infrastructure (virtual classroom p6) In this period, many families moved west of the Appalachian Mountains to claim land in the new American territories stretching to the Mississippi River. Their travel was difficult, taking a week to cross the distance a car might drive today in a few hours Growth of Cities and Transportation National Infrastructure (virtual classroom p6). In response, private companies built the young nation's roads and waterways. These roads were often turnpikes, or toll roads, which travelers paid a fee to use. Growth of Cities and Transportation National Infrastructure (virtual classroom p6) In turn, these fees were used to pay for upkeep of the new roads. Where roads could not be built, barges were used on rivers to carry people and goods as long as the rivers flowed in the same direction as the settlers and merchants wanted to travel. Soon a new invention, the steamboat, enabled people to buy a ticket from private companies that operated the boats and travel upstream as easily as downstream. Growth of Cities and Transportation National Infrastructure (virtual classroom p6) Lastly, in the wilderness where rivers did not run and roads could not be built, government leaders joined businesspeople to build canals or artificial rivers.government leaders These shallow waterways were for barges, not steamboats, and had pathways alongside where horses or mules pulled them. Growth of Cities and Transportation National Infrastructure (virtual classroom p6) Erie Canal The most famous canal built in this era was the Erie Canal, which connected the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean. It was opened in 1825 after eight years of digging by thousands of laborers, mostly immigrants. It stretches 363 miles from Lake Erie to the Hudson River, which flows into the Atlantic Ocean at New York City. Growth of Cities and Transportation National Infrastructure (virtual classroom p6) Erie Canal The Erie Canal served as a turnpike for barges where a road could not easily be built, and greatly lowered transportation costs. This not only opened up western New York and regions further west to increased settlement, but also helped unite new regions with the Atlantic states. Growth of Cities and Transportation National Infrastructure (virtual classroom p6) Rise of New York City Until 1790, New York City was the capital of the United States. In the early 1800s, civic development turned this colonial town into a great economic center established on a grid of city blocks. By 1835, the population had grown so large that New York City outpaced Philadelphia as the largest U.S. city. Growth of Cities and Transportation National Infrastructure (virtual classroom p6) Rise of New York City Trade grew when the Erie Canal made the city's harbors the link between European merchants and the great agricultural markets across the Appalachians from New York City. The city was home to the biggest gathering of artisans and crafts workers in the United States, and its banking and commercial activities would soon make it the leading city in all of North America. Growth of Cities and Transportation National Infrastructure (virtual classroom p6) Monroe Doctrine In 1823, President James Monroe warned the nations of Europe not to meddle in the politics of North and South America.James Monroe warned When a group of European countries planned to help each other recapture American colonies that had gained independence, Monroe announced that the United States would prevent European nations from interfering with independent American countries. Growth of Cities and Transportation National Infrastructure (virtual classroom p6) Monroe Doctrine Further, Monroe said the United States would remain neutral in wars between European nations and their American colonies, but, if battles took place in the New World, the United States would view such battles as hostile actions against the United States. In summary, the Monroe Doctrine defined an aspect of U.S. foreign policy to which America still holds today. Growth of Cities and Transportation National Infrastructure (virtual classroom p6) e. Explain the importance of the Presidencies of George Washington and John Adams; include the Whiskey Rebellion, non-intervention in Europe, and the development of political parties (Alexander Hamilton). Federalist vs. Republicans, cont. a. Explain the Northwest Ordinances importance in the westward migration of Americans, and on slavery, public education, and the addition of new states. b. Describe Jeffersons diplomacy in obtaining the Louisiana Purchase from France and the territorys exploration by Lewis and Clark. c. Explain major reasons for the War of 1812 and the wars significance on the development of a national identity. d. Describe the construction of the Erie Canal, the rise of New York City, and the development of the nations infrastructure. e. Describe the reasons for and importance of the Monroe Doctrine.