Electrosmog, Fertility and Reproduction (312 references)

Electrosmog and Reproduction Updated 20 June 2012

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Here are 309 references linking electrosmog with adverse reproductive effects. The current ICNIRP’s

safety guidelines for radiofrequency exposures were only developed to protect healthy adult males from

periodic 6 minute exposures. They were not designed to protect the general population against chronic

exposures. How much evidence will be needed before we apply the precautionary principle?

For other EMF bibliographies see: http://www.scribd.com/collections/3440803/Electrosmog-Bibiographies

New: (added 20 June)

Baste V, Moen BE, Oftedal G, Strand LA, Bjørge L, Mild KH. (2012). Pregnancy outcomes after paternal

radiofrequency field exposure aboard fast patrol boats. J Occup Environ Med.54(4):431-8.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=22354128

Christ A, Guldimann R, Buhlmann B, Zefferer M, Bakker JF, van Rhoon GC, Kuster N. (2012). Exposure

of the Human Body to Professional and Domestic Induction Cooktops Compared to the Basic

Restrictions, Bioelectromagnetics. 2012 Jun 1. [Epub ahead of print]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22674188

o Afromeev VI, Tkachenko VN, (1999). [Change in the percent of lactate dehydrogenase

isoenzyme level in testes of animals exposed to superhigh frequency radiation] Biofizika 44(5):931-

932 [Article in Russian] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10624539

1. Agarwal A, Deepinder, F. Sharma RK, Ranga G. & J. Li. (2008). Effect of cell phone usage

on semen analysis in men attending infertility clinic: an observational study, Fertil Steril. 89

(1):124-128. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17482179

2. Agarwal A, Desai NR, Ruffoli R, Carpi A. (2008). Lifestyle and testicular dysfunction: A

brief review. Biomed Pharmacother. 62(8):550-553.


3. Agarwal A, NR. Desai, K Makker, A Varghese, R Mouradi, E Sabanegh, and R Sharma

(2009). Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic waves (RF-EMW) from cellular phones

on human ejaculated semen: an in vitro pilot study. Fertil Steril. 92(4):1318-25.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ 18804757

4. Agarwal A, Singh A and Hamada A (2011):Cell phones and male infertility: review of

recent innovations in technology and consequences. International Brazilian Journal of

Andrology Vol. 37 (4): 432-454.

http://www.brazjurol.com.br/july_august_2011/Agarwal_432_454.htm

5. Aghdam Shahryar H, A.R. Lotfi, M. Bahojb and A.R. Karami (2008). Effects of

Electromagnetic Fields of Cellular Phone on Cortisol and Testosterone Hormones Rate in

Syrian Hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). International Journal of Zoological Research, 4:

230-233. http://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ijzr.2008.230.233

6. Ahangarpour A, Fathi-Moghaddam H, Birgani MJ, Shahbazian H, Badavi M. (2009).

Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis responses of the male rats to short and long time

alternative magnetic fields (50 Hz) exposure. J Res Med Sci.14(4):231-8.


7. Aitken RJ, Bennetts LE, Sawyer D, Wiklendt AM, King BV. (2005). Impact of radio

frequency electromagnetic radiation on DNA integrity in the male germline. Int. J. Androl

28: 171–179. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15910543

8. Akdag Z, Celik MS, Ketani A, Nergiz Y, Deniz M, Dasdag S (1999). Effect of chronic low-

intensity microwave radiation on sperm count, sperm morphology, and testicular and

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http://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ijzr.2008.230.233

http://www.brazjurol.com.br/july_august_2011/Agarwal_432_454.htm






http://www.scribd.com/collections/3440803/Electrosmog-Bibiographies



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epididymal tissues of rats. Electro Magnetobiol 18 (2): 133 – 145 http://www.emf-

portal.de/viewer.php?sform=&fb=yes&aid=9425&l=e

9. Aldad TS, G Gan, XB Gao, HS Taylor. (2012). Fetal Radiofrequency Radiation Exposure

From 800-1900 Mhz-Rated Cellular Telephones Affects Neurodevelopment and Behavior in

Mice. Scientific Reports. 2: 312 7 p

http://www.nature.com/srep/2012/120315/srep00312/pdf/srep00312.pdf

10. Algers B, K. Hennichs (1983). Biological effects of electromagnetic fields. A review. Vet.

Res. Commun. 6: 265–279. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6359665

11. Andrienko LG, Dumanskiĭ IuD, Rudichenko VF, Meleshko GI. (1977). [Effect of industrial-

frequency electromagnetic fields on the spermatogenic function].Vrach Delo. 9:116-8.

[Article in Russian]. No abstract available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/919464

12. Anselmo, CWSF., PB Pereira, MTJA. Catanho and MC Medeiros, (2007). Effects of the

electromagnetic field, 60 Hz, 3 μT, on the hormonal and metabolic regulation of

undernourished pregnant rats. Braz. J. Biol., 69: 397-404.

http://www.scielo.br/pdf/bjb/v69n2/24.pdf

13. Avendaño C, Mata A, Sanchez Sarmiento CA, Doncel GF. (2012). Use of laptop computers

connected to internet through Wi-Fi decreases human sperm motility and increases sperm

DNA fragmentation. Fertility and Sterility. 97(1):39-45.e2


14. Avendaño, C; A. Mata; A.M. Juarez Villanueva; V.S. Martínez; C.A. Sanchez Sarmiento

(2010). Laptop expositions affect motility and induce DNA fragmentation in human

spermatozoa in vitro by a nonthermal effect: a preliminary report. Fertility and Sterility. 94

(4), Supplement, pg. S73-S73 http://www.safeschool.ca/uploads/Laptop_Expositions.pdf

15. Bas O, Odaci E, Mollaoglu H, Ucok K, Kaplan S. (2009). Chronic prenatal exposure to the

900 megahertz electromagnetic field induces pyramidal cell loss in the hippocampus of

newborn rats. Toxicol Ind Health . 25(6). 377 – 384.


16. Baste V, Riise T and BE Moen (2008). Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields; male

infertility and sex ratio of offspring Eur J Epidemiol. 23(5):369–377


17. Baste V, Moen BE, Oftedal G, Strand LA, Bjørge L, Mild KH. (2012). Pregnancy outcomes

after paternal radiofrequency field exposure aboard fast patrol boats. J Occup Environ

Med.54(4):431-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=22354128

18. Bastide M, B.J. Youbicier-Simoa, J.C. Lebecq, J. Giaimis. (2001). Toxicologic study of

electromagnetic radiation emitted by television and video display screens and cellular

telephones on chickens and mice, Indoor Built Environ. 10: 291–298.

http://www.iirec.co.il/Data/FilesUploads/Bastide_Youbicier.pdf

19. Batellier F, Couty I, Picard D, Brillard JP. (2008). Effects of exposing chicken eggs to a cell

phone in "call" position over the entire incubation period. Theriogenology. 69 (6):737-45.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18255134?dopt=Abstract

20. Bayat PD, Ghanbari A, Saeid B, Khazaei M, Ghorbani R, Ayubian M. (2011). Effect of

exposure to extremely low electro-magnetic field during prenatal period on mice spleen.

Indian J Exp Biol. 49(8):634-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21870432?

dopt=Abstract

21. Belanger, K., Leaderer, B., Hellenbrand, K., Holford, T.R., McSharry, J-E., Power, M-E,

and Bracken, M.B. (1998). Spontaneous abortion and exposure to electric blankets and

heated water beds. Epidemiology, 9: 36-42 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9430266

22. Bellieni CV, Pinto I, Bogi A, Zoppetti N, Andreuccetti D, Buonocore G (2012). Exposure to

electromagnetic fields from laptop use of "laptop" computers. Archives of Environmental &

Occupational Health 67(1):31-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=22315933

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http://www.iirec.co.il/Data/FilesUploads/Bastide_Youbicier.pdf




http://www.safeschool.ca/uploads/Laptop_Expositions.pdf


http://www.scielo.br/pdf/bjb/v69n2/24.pdf



http://www.nature.com/srep/2012/120315/srep00312/pdf/srep00312.pdf

http://www.emf-portal.de/viewer.php?sform=&fb=yes&aid=9425&l=e

http://www.emf-portal.de/viewer.php?sform=&fb=yes&aid=9425&l=e


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23. Beraldi R, Sciamanna I, Mangiacasale R, Lorenzini R, Spadafora C. (2003). Mouse early

embryos obtained by natural breeding or in vitro fertilization display a differential

sensitivity to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields. Mutat Res. 538(1-2):163-70.


24. Bereznitskaya AN, Rysina TZ. (1973). Effects of Microwaves. In Biological Effects of

Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields, Z.V. Gordon, ed., Arlington, Va., U.S. Joint

Publications Research Service No. 6332l, pp.230-236. ).

http://www.magdahavas.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/Russian_Biological_E

ffects_of_Radiofrequency_Electromagnetic_Fields.pdf

25. Bereznitskaya AN, Rysina TZ. (1973). Effects of Microwaves. In Biological Effects of

Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields, Z.V. Gordon, ed., Arlington, Va., U.S. Joint

Publications Research Service No. 6332l, pp.230-236. ).



26. Bereznitskaya AN. (1968). [Certain indices of fertility in female mice irradiated with 10-

centimeter waves]. Gig Tr Prof Zabol. 12(9):33-7. [Article in Russian] No Abstract.


27. Bereznitskaya, A. N. and Rysina, T. Z. (1974). Embryotropic Effects of Microwaves. In:

Biological Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields, Gordon, Z. V.,editor.

Arlington, Va., U.S. Joint Pub.Research Service, 1974, pp. 230-36..



28. Bereznitskaya, A. N., and Kazhokov, I.M (1974). Studies on the Reproduction and

Testicular Microstructure of Mice Exposed to Microwaves. In: Biological Effects of

Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields, Gordon, Z. V., editor. Arlington, Va., U.S. Joint

Pub. Research Service, 1974, pp. 221-29. http://www.magdahavas.com/wordpress/wp-

content/uploads/2010/10/Russian_Biological_Effects_of_Radiofrequency_Electromagnetic_

Fields.pdf

29. Bereznitskaya, A.N. and I.M. Kazbekov (1974). Studies on the Reproduction and Testicular

Microstructure of Mice Exposed to Microwaves. In Biological Effects of Radiofrequency

Electromagnetic Fields, Z.V. Gordon, ed., Arlington, Va., U.S. Joint Publications Research

Service No. 6332l, pp. 221-229 (1974). http://www.magdahavas.com/wordpress/wp-

content/uploads/2010/10/Russian_Biological_Effects_of_Radiofrequency_Electromagnetic_

Fields.pdf

30. Berman E, Carter HB and House D. 1984: “Growth and development of mice offspring after

irradiation in utero with 2,450-MHz microwaves”. Teratology. 30(3):393-402.


31. Berman E, Carter HB, House D. (1982). Reduced weight in mice offspring after in utero

exposure to 2450-MHz (CW) microwaves. Bioelectromagnetics3(2): 285-291.


32. Berman E, Carter HB. (1984). Decreased body weight in fetal rats after irradiation with

2450-MHz (CW) microwaves. Health Phys 46: 537–542.


33. Berman E, Kinn JB, and Carter HB (1978). Observations of mouse fetuses after irradiation

with 2.45 GHz microwaves, Health Physics, 35, pp. 791-801

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/738884 and

http://journals.lww.com/health-physics/Abstract/1978/12000/Observations_of_Mouse_Fetus

es_After_Irradiation.6.aspx

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http://journals.lww.com/health-physics/Abstract/1978/12000/Observations_of_Mouse_Fetuses_After_Irradiation.6.aspx





http://www.magdahavas.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/Russian_Biological_Effects_of_Radiofrequency_Electromagnetic_Fields.pdf















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34. Berman, E.L., Chacon, D., House, B., Koch, A., et al. (1990). Development of chicken

embryos in a pulsed magnetic field. Bioelectromagnetics 11:169–187


35. Bernabò N, Tettamanti E, Russo V, Martelli A, Turriani M, Mattoli M, Barboni B. (2010).

Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure affects fertilization outcome in

swine animal model. Theriogenology. 73(9):1293-305.


36. Bernabo N., Tettamanti E., Pistilli M.G., Nardinocchi D., Berardinelli P., Mattioli M.,

Barboni B. (2007). Effects of 50 Hz extremely low frequency magnetic field on the

morphology and function of boar spermatozoa capacitated in vitro.

Theriogenology, 67 (4), pp. 801-815 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17196643

37. Blaasaas K, T Tynes, A Irgens, R Lie (2002). Risk of birth defects by parental occupational

exposure to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields: a population based study Occup Environ Med.

59(2): 92–97. doi: 10.1136/oem.59.2.92

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740256/

38. Blackman CF, House DE, Benane SG, Joines WT, Spiegel RJ. (1988). Effect of ambient

levels of power-line-frequency electric fields on a developing vertebrate.

Bioelectromagnetics ;9(2):129–140 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3377861

39. Blackman CF. (2006). Can EMF exposure during development leave an imprint later in life?

Electromagn Biol Med. 25(4):217-25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17178582

40. Blackman, C. (2009).Cell phone radiation: Evidence from ELF and RF studies supporting

more inclusive risk identification and assessment. Pathophysiology.16. 205-216.


41. Borhani N, Rajaei F, Salehi Z, Javadi A. (2011). Analysis of DNA fragmentation in mouse

embryos exposed to an extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field. Electromagn Biol

Med. 30(4):246-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22047462

42. Brent RL,WE Gordon, WR Bennett, DA. Beckman (1993). Reproductive and teratologic

effects of electromagnetic fields. Reprod. Toxicol. 7: 535–580.


43. Brown-Woodman PD, Hadley JA, Waterhouse J, Webster WS. (1988). Teratogenic effects

of exposure to radiofrequency radiation (27.12 MHz) from a shortwave diathermy unit. Ind

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44. Brown-Woodman, PDC, Hadley, JA, Richardson L., Bright D. and Porter D. (1989).

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MHz) near a shortwave diathermy device. Health Physics 56(4): 521-525.


45. Brugh VM and Lipshultz LI (2004). Male factor infertility: evaluation and management.

Med. Clin. North Am. 88(2): 367–85. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15049583

46. Budak GG, Muluk NB, Budak B, Oztürk GG, Apan A, Seyhan N. (2009). Effects of

intrauterine and extrauterine exposure to GSM-like radiofrequency on distortion product

otoacoustic emissions in infant male rabbits. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 73: 391-99.


47. Buiatti E, Barchielli A, Geddes M, Nastasi L, Kriebel D, Franchini M, Scarselli G. (1984).

Risk factors in male infertility: a case-control study. Arch Environ Health. 39(4):266-70.


48. Cairnie AB, Harding RK (1981). Cytological studies in mouse testis irradiated with 2.45-

GHz continuous-wave microwaves. Radiat Res 87(1):100-8.


49. California EMF Risk Evaluation (2002): Final Report. Chapter 13: Miscarriage.

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50. Cameron IL, Hardman WE, Winters WD, Zimmerman S, Zimmerman AM. (1993).

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51. Cao, YN; Y Zhang, Y Liu (2006). [Effects of exposure to extremely low frequency

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54. Chación L, M. A. Trillo, A. Ubeda, J. Leal (1990). A 30-HZ Pulsed Magnetic Field Can

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55. Chavdoula ED, Panagopoulos DJ, Margaritis LH. (2010). Comparison of biological effects

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56. Chen HY, Wang SM, Peng RY, Gao YB, Wang LF, Zhao L, Zuo HY, Dong J, Su ZT:

(2011). [Long-term microwave radiation affects male reproduction in rats]. Zhonghua Nan

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The Electrosmog Bibliography Collection also contains:

Autism (10 References)

Blood Brain Barrier (47 References)

Breast Cancer (77 References)

Cataracts (61 References)

Hearing (39 References)

Headaches (48 References)

Base Stations, TV and radio masts, Power lines (92 References)

Depression and suicide (48 References)

Male fertility (135 References)

Prenatal Effects (166 References)

Wildlife (149 References)

Other EMF-related Scribd collections which may be of interest include:

http://www.scribd.com/my_document_collections/3228470 (Conflict of interest in science) http://www.scribd.com/my_document_collections/3228507 (Electrosmog and wildlife)http://www.scribd.com/my_document_collections/3222035 (Electrosensitivity)http://www.scribd.com/my_document_collections/3221670 (Electrosmog and male fertility)http://www.scribd.com/my_document_collections/3222195 (The precautionary principle)http://www.scribd.com/my_document_collections/3220833 (EMF-related health risks)

http://www.scribd.com/my_document_collections/3651795 (2012 research - mobile phones, wifi)

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http://www.scribd.com/my_document_collections/3651795%20

http://www.scribd.com/my_document_collections/3220833









http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bsc/cga/2009/00000049/00000001/art00004


http://ayubmed.edu.pk/JAMC/PAST/21-1/Zareen.pdf



http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=7600890%20

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=7600890%20


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Electrosmog, Fertility and Reproduction (312 references)

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