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Transcript of Electronics Principles & Applications Sixth Edition Chapter 1 Introduction (student version) ©2003...
![Page 1: Electronics Principles & Applications Sixth Edition Chapter 1 Introduction (student version) ©2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061417/56649ca65503460f94968f70/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ElectronicsElectronics
Principles & ApplicationsPrinciples & ApplicationsSixth EditionSixth Edition
Chapter 1Introduction
(student version)
©2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Charles A. Schuler
![Page 2: Electronics Principles & Applications Sixth Edition Chapter 1 Introduction (student version) ©2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061417/56649ca65503460f94968f70/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• History• Digital or Analog• Analog Functions• Circuits with Both DC and AC• Trends
INTRODUCTION
![Page 3: Electronics Principles & Applications Sixth Edition Chapter 1 Introduction (student version) ©2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061417/56649ca65503460f94968f70/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Dear Student:
This presentation is arranged in segments. Each segment is preceded by a Concept Preview slide and is followed by a Concept Review slide. When you reach a Concept Review slide, you can return to the beginning of that segment by clicking on the Repeat Segment button. This will allow youto view that segment again, if you want to.
![Page 4: Electronics Principles & Applications Sixth Edition Chapter 1 Introduction (student version) ©2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061417/56649ca65503460f94968f70/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
History• 1899 Discovery of the Electron
• 1901 Radio
• 1906 Vacuum Tube
• 1943 First Computer
• 1947 Transistor
• 1958 Integrated Circuit
• 1971 Microprocessor
• 1982 Single Chip DSP
![Page 5: Electronics Principles & Applications Sixth Edition Chapter 1 Introduction (student version) ©2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061417/56649ca65503460f94968f70/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Concept Preview
• The world of electronics can be divided into digital or analog.
• Analog signals come from nature and from physical systems.
• Analog signals have an infinite variety of levels.
• Digital signals usually have only two levels.
• Digital signals are often represented as binary numbers.
• A/D and D/A conversions are commonplace.
![Page 6: Electronics Principles & Applications Sixth Edition Chapter 1 Introduction (student version) ©2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061417/56649ca65503460f94968f70/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
ANALOG
An infinite number of levels
![Page 7: Electronics Principles & Applications Sixth Edition Chapter 1 Introduction (student version) ©2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061417/56649ca65503460f94968f70/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
DIGITAL
2 levels
![Page 8: Electronics Principles & Applications Sixth Edition Chapter 1 Introduction (student version) ©2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061417/56649ca65503460f94968f70/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
ANALOG(non-linear)
![Page 9: Electronics Principles & Applications Sixth Edition Chapter 1 Introduction (student version) ©2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061417/56649ca65503460f94968f70/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
A/Dconverter
01101110110010001100001001101110000011100000100101101110
Binary numbers
Analog in … digital out
![Page 10: Electronics Principles & Applications Sixth Edition Chapter 1 Introduction (student version) ©2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061417/56649ca65503460f94968f70/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
D/Aconverter
01101110110010001100001001101110000011100000100101101110
Digital in … analog out
![Page 11: Electronics Principles & Applications Sixth Edition Chapter 1 Introduction (student version) ©2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061417/56649ca65503460f94968f70/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
D/Aconverter
111111111000000000000000
![Page 12: Electronics Principles & Applications Sixth Edition Chapter 1 Introduction (student version) ©2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061417/56649ca65503460f94968f70/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Electronic Circuit QuizThe output of a typical digital circuit has _________ states or levels. two
The output of a typical analog circuit has ________ states or levels. infinite
Linear electronic circuits are in the category called ____________. analog
An analog circuit with some distortion can be called ________. non-linear
An analog signal can be changed to a numerical format by an ____________. A/D converter
![Page 13: Electronics Principles & Applications Sixth Edition Chapter 1 Introduction (student version) ©2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061417/56649ca65503460f94968f70/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Concept Review• The world of electronics can be divided into
digital or analog.• Analog signals come from nature and from
physical systems.• Analog signals have an infinite variety of levels.• Digital signals usually have only two levels.• Digital signals are often represented as binary
numbers.• A/D and D/A conversions are commonplace.
Repeat Segment
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ANALOG ELECTRONIC FUNCTIONS
Adder
Subtractor
Attenuator
Clipper
Comparator
Controller
Converter
Detector
Divider
FilterMixer
Multiplier
Oscillator
Rectifier
Regulator
SwitchAmplifier
![Page 15: Electronics Principles & Applications Sixth Edition Chapter 1 Introduction (student version) ©2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061417/56649ca65503460f94968f70/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Concept Preview• Many circuits and signals have both ac and
dc components.• Capacitors can couple ac signals from one
point to another.• Coupling capacitors have low reactance at
the signal frequency.• Capacitors block dc since they have infinite
reactance at 0 Hz.• Bypass capacitors remove the ac
component.• Bypass capacitors have one lead grounded.
![Page 16: Electronics Principles & Applications Sixth Edition Chapter 1 Introduction (student version) ©2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061417/56649ca65503460f94968f70/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
10 V
0 V10 V
10 VP-P
10 kHz
10 k 10 k
10 k
3.3 k 1 F 1 F
Many circuits are a mix of ac and dc.
![Page 17: Electronics Principles & Applications Sixth Edition Chapter 1 Introduction (student version) ©2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061417/56649ca65503460f94968f70/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
+5 V
0 V
-5 V10 V
10 VP-P
10 kHz
10 k 10 k
10 k
3.3 k 1 F 1 F
![Page 18: Electronics Principles & Applications Sixth Edition Chapter 1 Introduction (student version) ©2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061417/56649ca65503460f94968f70/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
0 V
10 V
10 VP-P
10 kHz
10 k 10 k
10 k
3.3 k 1 F 1 F
Note the loss in ac amplitude due to the drop across
the 3.3 kresistor.
![Page 19: Electronics Principles & Applications Sixth Edition Chapter 1 Introduction (student version) ©2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061417/56649ca65503460f94968f70/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
+5 V
0 V
10 V
10 VP-P
10 kHz
10 k 10 k
10 k
3.3 k 1 F 1 F
Note the combineddc and ac.
![Page 20: Electronics Principles & Applications Sixth Edition Chapter 1 Introduction (student version) ©2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061417/56649ca65503460f94968f70/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
0 V
10 V
10 VP-P
10 kHz
10 k 10 k
10 k
3.3 k 1 F 1 F
Note that the dcsignal is blockedby the capacitor.
![Page 21: Electronics Principles & Applications Sixth Edition Chapter 1 Introduction (student version) ©2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061417/56649ca65503460f94968f70/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
+5 V
0 V
10 V
10 VP-P
10 kHz
10 k
10 k
3.3 k 1 F
1 F
Bypass capacitor
Bypass capacitors are used to eliminate the ac component.
![Page 22: Electronics Principles & Applications Sixth Edition Chapter 1 Introduction (student version) ©2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061417/56649ca65503460f94968f70/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Capacitor/Resistor Quiz
A node in an electronic circuit can haveboth dc and ac _________. components
Capacitors support the flow of ac butblock ________. dc
Resistors provide equal opposition to both ____________. dc and ac
When a capacitor is used to eliminate ac at a node it is called a ________. bypass
A blocking capacitor is used to eliminate ________ at a circuit node. dc
![Page 23: Electronics Principles & Applications Sixth Edition Chapter 1 Introduction (student version) ©2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061417/56649ca65503460f94968f70/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Concept Review
Repeat Segment
• Many circuits and signals have both ac and dc components.
• Capacitors can couple ac signals from one point to another.
• Coupling capacitors have low reactance at the signal frequency.
• Capacitors block dc since they have infinite reactance at 0 Hz.
• Bypass capacitors remove the ac component.
• Bypass capacitors have one lead grounded.
![Page 24: Electronics Principles & Applications Sixth Edition Chapter 1 Introduction (student version) ©2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061417/56649ca65503460f94968f70/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Solder
Insertion Technology
Device leads pass through holes in the circuit board.
![Page 25: Electronics Principles & Applications Sixth Edition Chapter 1 Introduction (student version) ©2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061417/56649ca65503460f94968f70/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Surface Mount Technology
Devices placed by automatic equipmentCircuit boards cost less (fewer holes)
Higher connection densitySmaller and less expensive products
Difficult to repair
SOT-223
Chip resistor
Solder
![Page 26: Electronics Principles & Applications Sixth Edition Chapter 1 Introduction (student version) ©2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061417/56649ca65503460f94968f70/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Probing fine-pitch ICs is difficult without the right tools!
![Page 27: Electronics Principles & Applications Sixth Edition Chapter 1 Introduction (student version) ©2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061417/56649ca65503460f94968f70/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
The “Wedge” probefrom Agilent makesit possible to safely
connect to fine-pitchSMT integrated circuits.
Photograph courtesy of Agilent Technologies
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REVIEW
• History• Digital or Analog• Analog Functions• Circuits with Both DC and AC• Trends