Electronics: Basic to clinical Karl E Misulis MD,PhD.
-
Upload
julianna-hutchinson -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
0
Transcript of Electronics: Basic to clinical Karl E Misulis MD,PhD.
Basic Electronics for Neurology
Electricity and basic circuit theory Filters and amplifiers Digital signal analysis Displays Electrodes Artifacts and noise Electrical safety
Why do I need to know this?
Large part of the clinical neurophysiology boards.
Might be nice to understand how your equipment works.
I make money from the sale of the definitive text…Essentials of Clinical Neurophysiology, www.elsevier.com
ABPN: Clinical neurophysiology
Board certified in neurology, child neurology, or psychiatry
Finished 1 year of ACGME-approved training in CN, not during residency. May be part time (at least 1/2 time)
Certification: 5 hours Re-certification: 3 hours
ABPN: Clinical neurophysiology
Core neurophysiology (18%) Basic and applied neurophysiology
EEG (38%) Methods, Basic patterns, variants Clinical correlations
EMG (38%) Methods, Basic patterns Clinical correlations
Sleep (6%)
Basic electronics
Overview of atomic physics Basic electrical devices Circuit theory Electrical equipment Patient - equipment interface
Overview of atomic physics
Atoms Sub-atomic particles
Electrons Protons Neutrons
Orbitals and clouds
Great myths in America…
Lightening never strikes twice in the same place.
Good things come to those who wait. Cutting taxes reduces the budget deficit. Anything is possible.
Important laws
Do not offer to perform a consult. Do not ask your nurse out on a date. Do not discriminate against potential
employees on the basis of race, color, creed, health condition, or competence.
Kirchoff's current law
Expressed mathematically:
or, rearranging:
Since currents flowing out of the node are actually negative:
Or, for any node:
I I I
I I I
I I I
Ii
3 1 2
1 2 3
1 2 3
0
0
0
Kirchoff's voltage law
For any circuit loop, the sum of thevoltage sources is equal to the sum of the
voltage drops.
E xpressed m athem atically:
or, for any loop:
V V V
V
T
i
1 2 0
0
Series resistancesFrom Ohm's Law:
and
And from Kirchoff' s voltage law:
and the equivalent resistance of the system is:
then:
Thus, for series resistances:
V I R V I R
V V V
RV
I
RI R I R
IR R
R R
eq
eq
eq i
1 1 2 2
1 2
1 21 2
( ) ( )
Parallel resistances
...1111
:resistance of reciprocal theis econductanc Since
resistors. individual theof esconductanc theare
and , , and econductanc total theis Where
...
:allymathematic Expressed
linearly. sum esConductanc
es.conductanc parallel are sresistance Parallel
321
321
321
RRRR
GGGG
GGGG
T
T
T
Capacitors
Function of capacitors Store energy as a separation of charge Capacitative current
Effect of capacitors on circuits Types of capacitors
Component Contaminant
Inductors
Function of inductor Effect of inductor on current flow Types of inductors
Component Contaminant
Semiconductors
Construction Function of semiconductors
"semi-conduct" Junction effects
Use in diodes and transistors
Summary…
Atomic theory governs charge and current properties in biologic and physical circuits.
There are some basic principles which you must know for the ABPN-CN boards. Resistor and capacitor theory Ohm's law & Kirchoff's laws Filter theory
Knowledge of basic electronics is more than just of academic importance.