Electronic Power Conversion
Transcript of Electronic Power Conversion
1 Challenge the future 1 Challenge the future
Electronic Power Conversion Power Electronics Applications
2 Power Electronics Applications
Power electronics applications (topologies covered in ET4119)
• Hard switching, PWM controlled
• PV maximum point tracker/dc-dc converter (boost) • Automotive 42/14V dc-dc converter (buck) • Off-line consumer power supply (flyback) • PV inverter (full bridge inverter) • HID lamp ballast (boost + stacked buck)
3 Power Electronics Applications
Maximum Power Point Tracking in PV systems
DC AC
AC grid
MPPT
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
Voltage [V] Po
wer
[W]
• Maximum power point tracker – high efficiency converter that presents an optimal electrical load to a solar panel or array
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PV panel integrated dc-dc converter
• MPPT on converter level • Converter has to be efficient, reliable AND cheap!
DC DC
Low cost flexible PV module
= DC
AC
AC grid
Cost - reduced inverter
DC DC
DC DC
DC DC
DC DC DC bus
System architecture
5 Power Electronics Applications
PV panel integrated dc-dc converter
• Vin 8-17V, Vout 48V, max power 120W, no isolation required • Boost converter • Small passives required • High frequency switching and interleaved
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PV panel integrated dc-dc converter
• Different devices GaN vs. Si • Faster, lower losses -> higher switching frequency • The same topology, double the switching frequency 300kHz vs
600kHz
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Off-line consumer power supply • Universal mains input 85V AC – 277 V AC 50/60 Hz, ~100W • Isolation required, cost crucial – low component count • Flyback (boundary condition mode) – 50-100kHz
Rectifier
Flyback
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Off-line consumer power supply
Source: natetherobot at Flickr CC-BY-SA
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Automotive 42/14V dc-dc converter
• 2kW, 42V/14V converter, no isolation • High temperature (cooled with boiling water), high power density • Buck (bidirectional), 100kHz
• 7kW/l – very high (desktop power supply is 100W/l)
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Grid connected PV inverter • 400Vdc input, 1.5kW, output 230Vac@50Hz • Single phase full bridge voltage source inverter
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HID lamp ballast
Buck 1 Boost Buck 2
• Boost PFC + 2 buck converters • 150W, 83kHz
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HID lamp ballast
• Keep original specs, topology and control, sw. freq. (83kHz) • Improve thermal & spatial performance by new components and
packaging method
ignitor Stacked Buck
PFC
EMI
DC bus
14mm
14mm
47mm (total height)
~2.5 size reduction
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What have we covered?
• Basic principles of switch-mode power conversion • Basic topologies – non-isolated and isolated (hard switched)
Power circuit EMI filter
Gate drivers Control
Components (Semiconductors and
passives)
Soft switching
Packaging
Thermal management
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You have only just embarked on the journey in the exciting world of power electronics!
ET4003 Power Electromagnetics
ET4384 Design of low-power power supplies
ET4145 Power electronic components
ET4116 Power electronics
MSc project?
ET4119
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Image credits
• All uncredited diagrams are from the book “Power Electronics: Converters, Applications, and Design” by N. Mohan, T.M. Undeland and W.P. Robbins.
• All other uncredited images are from research done at the EWI faculty.