Electronic Paper .

• Electronic Paper

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Flexible display - Flexible electronic paper based displays

1 Flexible electronic paper (e-paper) based displays were the first flexible

displays conceptualized and prototyped. Though this form of

flexible displays has a long history and were attempted by many

companies, it is only recently that this technology began to see

commercial implementations slated for mass production to be used in

consumer electronic devices.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-electronic-paper-toolkit.html

Flexible display - Electronic paper

1 Flexible displays using electronic paper technology commonly use Electrophoretic or Electrowetting

technologies. However, each type of flexible electronic paper vary in

specification due to different implementation techniques by

different companies.


Electronic paper

1 Unlike conventional backlit flat panel displays which emit light, electronic

paper displays reflect light like ordinary paper, theoretically making

it more comfortable to read, and giving the surface a wider viewing angle compared to conventional

displays


Electronic paper

1 Many electronic paper technologies can hold static text and images

indefinitely without using electricity. Flexible electronic paper uses plastic substrates and plastic electronics for

the display backplane. There is ongoing competition among

manufacturers to provide full-color ability.


Electronic paper - Gyricon

1 The first electronic paper, called Gyricon, consisted of polyethylene

spheres between 75 and 106 micrometers across


Electronic paper - Electrophoretic

1 Electrophoretic displays are considered prime examples of the electronic paper category, because of their paper-like appearance and

low power consumption.


Electronic paper - Electrophoretic display

1 In 2005, Philips sold the electronic paper business as well as its related patents to Prime View International


Electronic paper - Electrophoretic display

1 One early version of electronic paper consists of a sheet of very small

transparent capsules, each about 40 micrometres across. Each capsule

contains an oily solution containing black dye (the electronic ink), with numerous white titanium dioxide particles suspended within. The particles are slightly negatively

charged, and each one is naturally white.


Electronic paper - Electrofluidic

1 As reported in the May 2009 Issue of Nature Photonics, the technology can potentially provide >85% white state

reflectance for electronic paper.


Electronic paper - Disadvantages

1 Electronic paper technologies have a very low refresh rate compared to other low-power

display technologies, such as LCD. This prevents producers from implementing

sophisticated interactive applications (using fast moving menus, mouse pointers or

scrolling) like those which are possible on mobile devices. An example of this limit is

that a document cannot be smoothly zoomed without either extreme blurring during the

transition or a very slow zoom.


Electronic paper - Disadvantages

1 Electronic paper is still a topic in the R&D community and remains under development for manufacturability,

marketability, and reliability considerations.


Electronic paper - Applications

1 Several companies are simultaneously developing electronic

paper and ink. While the technologies used by each company provide many of the same features,

each has its own distinct technological advantages. All

electronic paper technologies face the following general challenges:



1 Nevertheless, making electronic paper promises to be less complex and costly than making traditional

LCDs.



1 Advantages of electronic paper includes low power usage (power is

only drawn when the display is updated), flexibility and better readability than most displays


Electronic paper - e-Books

1 In 2004 Sony released Librié EBR-1000EP in Japan, the first e-book reader with an electronic paper display. In September 2006 Sony released the PRS-500 Sony Reader e-book reader in the USA. On October 2, 2007, Sony announced the

PRS-505, an updated version of the Reader. In November 2008, Sony released

the PRS-700BC which incorporated a backlight and a touchscreen.


Electronic paper - e-Books

1 In November 2009 Barnes and Noble launched the Barnes & Noble Nook,

running an Android Operating System. It differs from other big

name readers in having a replaceable battery, and a separate touch-screen color LCD below the

main electronic paper reading screen.


Electronic paper - Displays embedded in smart cards

1 Flexible display cards enable financial payment cardholders to generate a one-

time password to reduce online banking and transaction fraud. Electronic paper offers a flat and thin alternative to existing key fob tokens for data security. The world’s first

ISO compliant smart card with an embedded display was developed by

Innovative Card Technologies and nCryptone in 2005. The cards were

manufactured by Nagra ID.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-electronic-paper-toolkit.html

Electronic paper - Status displays

1 Some devices, like USB flash drives, have used electronic paper to display status information, such as available storage space. Once the image on

the electronic paper has been set, it requires no power to maintain, so the readout can be seen even when the

flash drive is not plugged in.


Electronic paper - Electronic shelf labels

1 E-Paper based electronic shelf labels (ESL) are used to digitally display the

prices at retail stores. Electronic paper based labels are updated via

two-way infrared or radio technology.


Display examples - Electronic paper

1 2004 Electronic paper:[http://www.hitech-

projects.com/euprojects/diginews/publications/Adapting%20production%20workflow%20processes%20for

%20digital%20newsprint.pdf hitech-projects.com – E-paper production

flow – Adapting production workflow processes for digital newsprint]


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