Electronic Origami with the Color-Changing Function

6
Electronic Origami with the Color-Changing Function Tatsuya Kaiho Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University 5322 Endo Fujisawa-shi Kanagawa, 252-0882, Japan [email protected] Akira Wakita Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University 5322 Endo Fujisawa-shi Kanagawa, 252-0882, Japan [email protected] ABSTRACT Origami is one of the traditional creative activities in Japan. In recent years, its artistic quality is highly evaluated. Some origami works use LEDs, muscle wires or other electronic components. The authors paid attention to the colors of origami and produced color-changing one. We held a workshop for the color-changing origami to get a lot of origami works from the participants. Our origami uses thermochromic ink and conductive ink and it can be folded in the same manner as paper origami since it does not contain any hard electronic components. This document describes the details of the electronic origami, its works, impression of the users and the future vision. This tool is expected to expand the potential of expression by origami. Categories and Subject Descriptors H.5.2 [User Interfaces]: Haptic I/O.; J.5 [Arts and Humanities]: Arts, fine and performing; General Terms Design, Human Factors Keywords Electronic origami, Thermochromic ink, Conductive ink 1. INTRODUCTION Origami is one of the traditional activities in Japan. By folding paper, we can create animals, plants, buildings, and other various things. Origami is quite familiar for Japanese people. For example, when Japanese make a wish for something, they create a thousand origami cranes linked together by thread. Origami is originally one of the manner rules. From 14th to 15th century, the families of Ogasawara or Ise fixed various manner rules. At that time, the rules of paper folding were arranged as one of the manner rules. Origami was derived from this paper folding manner, and it was established as an activity to enjoy folding paper itself. As the amount of paper production increased, origami got more familiar to a lot of people. In 1797, “Hiden Sembazuru Orikata (Secret of Making 1,000 Cranes),” the world s oldest origami book, was published. The term “origami” was once Japanese, and at present it is known worldwide as an international term[12]. In recent years, the artistic quality of origami is highly evaluated again. New paper-folding techniques have been invented and designed every day as well as traditional ones. Some current origami works are set with LEDs, muscle wires, sensors and other electronic components to exhibit new expressions of traditional origami. Some of the works are made to shine or their components are made to move. Some of the new origami works can show their values if they are used with electronic components. In such works, however, the unique features of origami seem to be lost because of hard electronic components. Origami is a thin paper that anyone can fold it as they like to make various models by their own hands. In addition, if color change is realized by using light emitting materials such as LED, affinity for paper seems to be lost. From this analysis, we introduced functional ink for producing electronic origami without losing the features. We present how to produce electronic origami with functional ink such as thermochromic ink and conductive ink, which changes its colors by electricity. In this research, we propose origami whose colors change dynamically. With functional ink, a color-changing layer and a heating one are set on both sides of paper, and electronic origami with maintaining the feature of thin paper can be produced. The normal origami works do not change their character once their shapes are completed. If, however, a new character of color change is given to the origami models, we think that another value can be provided. This enables production of origami works with new values as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 Electronic origami with a color changing function. 2. RELATED WORK This section describes works using paper and electronic components and electronic origami as the related works. One of the works with paper and electronic component is the research of David et al.[5]. They proposed a circuit on the surface Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]. SMI’13, December 13, 2013, Sydney, Australia. Copyright © 2013 ACM 978-1-4503-2562-2/13/12…$15.00. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2534688.2534690 7

Transcript of Electronic Origami with the Color-Changing Function

Electronic Origami with the Color-Changing Function

Tatsuya Kaiho Faculty of Environment and Information Studies,

Keio University 5322 Endo Fujisawa-shi

Kanagawa, 252-0882, Japan [email protected]

Akira Wakita Faculty of Environment and Information Studies,

Keio University 5322 Endo Fujisawa-shi

Kanagawa, 252-0882, Japan [email protected]

ABSTRACT Origami is one of the traditional creative activities in Japan. In recent years, its artistic quality is highly evaluated. Some origami works use LEDs, muscle wires or other electronic components. The authors paid attention to the colors of origami and produced color-changing one. We held a workshop for the color-changing origami to get a lot of origami works from the participants. Our origami uses thermochromic ink and conductive ink and it can be folded in the same manner as paper origami since it does not contain any hard electronic components. This document describes the details of the electronic origami, its works, impression of the users and the future vision. This tool is expected to expand the potential of expression by origami.

Categories and Subject Descriptors H.5.2 [User Interfaces]: Haptic I/O.; J.5 [Arts and Humanities]: Arts, fine and performing;

General Terms Design, Human Factors

Keywords Electronic origami, Thermochromic ink, Conductive ink

1. INTRODUCTION Origami is one of the traditional activities in Japan. By folding paper, we can create animals, plants, buildings, and other various things. Origami is quite familiar for Japanese people. For example, when Japanese make a wish for something, they create a thousand origami cranes linked together by thread.

Origami is originally one of the manner rules. From 14th to 15th century, the families of Ogasawara or Ise fixed various manner rules. At that time, the rules of paper folding were arranged as one of the manner rules. Origami was derived from this paper folding manner, and it was established as an activity to enjoy folding paper itself. As the amount of paper production increased, origami got more familiar to a lot of people. In 1797, “Hiden Sembazuru Orikata (Secret of Making 1,000 Cranes),” the world’s oldest origami book, was published. The term “origami” was once Japanese, and at present it is known worldwide as an international term[12].

In recent years, the artistic quality of origami is highly evaluated again. New paper-folding techniques have been invented and designed every day as well as traditional ones. Some current origami works are set with LEDs, muscle wires, sensors and other electronic components to exhibit new expressions of traditional origami. Some of the works are made to shine or their components are made to move. Some of the new origami works can show their values if they are used with electronic components.

In such works, however, the unique features of origami seem to be lost because of hard electronic components. Origami is a thin paper that anyone can fold it as they like to make various models by their own hands. In addition, if color change is realized by using light emitting materials such as LED, affinity for paper seems to be lost. From this analysis, we introduced functional ink for producing electronic origami without losing the features. We present how to produce electronic origami with functional ink such as thermochromic ink and conductive ink, which changes its colors by electricity.

In this research, we propose origami whose colors change dynamically. With functional ink, a color-changing layer and a heating one are set on both sides of paper, and electronic origami with maintaining the feature of thin paper can be produced. The normal origami works do not change their character once their shapes are completed. If, however, a new character of color change is given to the origami models, we think that another value can be provided. This enables production of origami works with new values as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 Electronic origami with a color changing function.

2. RELATED WORK This section describes works using paper and electronic components and electronic origami as the related works.

One of the works with paper and electronic component is the research of David et al.[5]. They proposed a circuit on the surface

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]. SMI’13, December 13, 2013, Sydney, Australia. Copyright © 2013 ACM 978-1-4503-2562-2/13/12…$15.00. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2534688.2534690

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10

changing origami more interesting than normal one?” and “Was folding of color-changing origami more difficult than normal one?” For the first question “Did you have fun for color-changing origami?,” we set 5-point scale (5: Very satisfied, 4: Satisfied, 3: Neither, 2: Unsatisfied, 1: Very unsatisfied) and we got the average point of 4.4. For the second question “Was color-changing origami more interesting than normal one?,” we also set 5-point scale (5: Very satisfied, 4: Satisfied, 3: Neither, 2: Unsatisfied, 1: Very unsatisfied) and we got the average point of 4.7. For the third question “Was folding of color-changing origami more difficult than normal one?,” we set 3-point scale (3: Same as normal one, 2: Difficult, 1: Very difficult) and we got the average point of 2.6. From these results, modeling with color-changing origami is not so much difficult compared to that with normal origami and they had more fun than modeling with normal origami.

We got a lot of comments that they could have different experience from the normal origami folding since origami colors could be controlled. This indicates that they could create origami works with new expression that normal origami could not show.

On the other hand, we got an opinion that they need more variations of colors. In the future, we will study variations of ink and color changes. In addition, we will study black or chromatic thermochromic pigment or ink whose color is shown by heat so that achromatic material is changed to be chromatic.

table 1 Result of questionnaire after the workshop

age Q1 Q2 Q3

A 28 4 5 3

B 22 4 5 2

C 22 4 4 2

D 20 5 5 3

E 20 5 5 3

F 19 5 4 3

G 24 4 5 3

average 22,1 4.4 4.7 2.6

Figure 10 Origami works created in the workshop

6. CONCLUSION This paper has described electronic origami with the color-changing function. This origami retains the features of original origami and at the same time provides new expressions and experiences.

The participants of the workshop evaluated that the color-changing origami could provide a different experience from original origami without losing its features.

The future subject is to enhance color expression of origami and expression made possible by using electricity.

The current origami colors are limited, which is noted by the participants of the workshop in their comments. We are going to increase variations of ink and produce origami whose color changes from achromatic condition to chromatic one. To realize this, black or white thermochromic pigment is used or the ink that changes its condition from colorless to colored by heat is used. In addition, we are going to study how to control the speed or other aspects of color change. This will be realized that the temperature sensor is set for origami works and the electric power is adjusted according to temperature and expressions.

We are also going to study how to enhance new expressions of origami by using electricity. At present, color change on origami is realized and origami can be used as a switch for electric power. In the future, we are going to study to produce the mechanism for putting the role as a sensor to origami or for playing animation by origami itself. When we enhance our study, we must always consider the features of original origami that anyone can fold thin paper without special technique or knowledge. This can also be said for the temperature sensor we mentioned earlier.

Our study enables creation of origami works with stories derived from color change. For example, when a color-changing flower is created and the origami sun is set as a switch, touching the sun changes the flower color. Since such works can be created without any special electronic craft knowledge, this kind of study can be applied to school study of electronic crafts for children. We are going to study application of our origami research to education materials for electronic crafts. In addition, we are going to study application of our technique of conductivity on origami to sense paper folding and output the sound or display results according to the sensed values.

REFERENCES [1] Arduino. www.arduino.cc

[2] Billy Cheng, Maxine Kim, Henry Lin, Sarah Fung, Zac Bush, Jinsil Hwaryoung Seo Tessella: interactive origami light.Proceeding TEI '12 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded and Embodied Interaction(2012), 317-318.

[3] Buechley, L., Hendrix, S., and Eisenberg, M.:Paints, paperand programs: first steps toward the computational sketchbook. Proceedings of the TEI 2009, ACM Press (2009), 9–12.

[4] Coelho, M., Hall, L., Berzowska, J., and Maes, P.: Pulp-based computing: a framework for building computers out of paper. In Proceedings of the 27th international conference extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, CHI EA ’09, ACM (New York, NY, USA, 2009), 3527–3528.

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