Electromagnetism

ElectromagnetismPacemakerBy Sasho26/11/2014Pacemaker by Sasho Gjorgjievski1

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MagneticsActuators and Sensorsmagnetic actuators convert input electrical energy into output mechanical energy.magnetic sensors use magnetic fields to sense motion.26/11/2014Pacemaker by Sasho Gjorgjievski2

ActuatorsTypical magnetic actuators include Electrohydraulic valves in airplanes, tractors, robots, automobiles, and othermobile or stationary equipment Fuel injectors in engines of automobiles, trucks, and locomotives Biomedical prosthesis devices for artificial hearts, limbs, ears, and other organs Head positioners for computer disk drives Loudspeakers26/11/2014Pacemaker by Sasho Gjorgjievski3

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PacemakerA pacemaker is a small device that's placed in the chest or abdomen to help control abnormal heart rhythms. This device uses electrical pulses to prompt the heart to beat at a normal rate. The pacemaker actuator ispacing by the delivery of a short, intense electrical pulseinto the heart. However, the pacemaker sensor uses thesame electrode to detect the intrinsic activity of the hearthttp://www.loria.fr/~singhnne/Home_files/downloads/ijdecs2010.pdf26/11/2014Pacemaker by Sasho Gjorgjievski4

History of Pacemaker1700s Luigi Galvani discovered when electrical energy was applied to a dissected frogs leg, the muscle would contract. 1949 John A. Hopps designed the first catheter electrode for cardiac stimulation1958 Arne Larsson was the first person ever to receive a fully implanted pacemaker system. Born May 26, 1915 and died December 28, 2001 in Stockholm, at age 86years.http://www.machine-history.com/Cardiac%20Pacemaker%2026/11/2014Pacemaker by Sasho Gjorgjievski5

How it works

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ApplicationMost pacemaker are equipped with internal filters to prevent interaction with cell phone. But EMI could affect Electromagnetic interference EMI could interfere with pacemaker function. High energy radar, TV and radio transmitters, MRI, large motors may affect the pacemaker function.

Antitheft devices and airport security alarms may affect pacemaker and trigger security alarm.Household and kitchen appliance will not affect pacemaker.

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NowCurrent pacemaker devices include multi-chamber pacemakers, rate responsive units capable of pacing, cardioversion and defibrillation. Typical SpecificationsDiameter: 44 mm (1.7)Thickness: 8 mm (.3)Weight: 26 gramsVolume: 11cc.Pacing rate: 60 to 120 ppm (pulse per minute) to each leadPulse Width: 1.0 ms (milliseconds)Pulse Voltage: 1.5 to 6 voltsPulse Power peak: over 25 microampRefractory: 320 ms (milliseconds)Pacing lead impedance: 300 to 1200 OhmsLong term average drain: 25 microamp

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Future'Biological pacemaker' gene sparks heart hopesResearchers have successfully used a gene therapy procedure to turn ordinary cardiac muscle cells in pigs into specialised ones that deliver a steady heartbeat. http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2014/07/17/4048237.htmThe amazing pacemaker powered by your own heartbeat instead ofbatteries and is smaller than a one penny piece

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2228025/Pacemaker-powered-heartbeat-instead-batteries--smaller-cent-coin.html26/11/2014Pacemaker by Sasho Gjorgjievski9

References http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2014/07/17/4048237.htm http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2228025/Pacemaker-powered-heartbeat-instead-batteries--smaller-cent-coin.htmlhttp://www.machine-history.com/Cardiac%20Pacemaker%20http://www.loria.fr/~singhnne/Home_files/downloads/ijdecs2010.pdf

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