Electromagnetic Radiation - Mr. Hites' Science &...
Transcript of Electromagnetic Radiation - Mr. Hites' Science &...
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Electromagnetic
Radiation
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Wave Terminology
Wavelength - distance between two like points on the wave
Amplitude - the height of the wave compared to undisturbed state
Period - the amount of time required for one wavelength to pass
Frequency - the number of waves passing in a given amount of time
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Waves… a review
Most waves are either longitudinal or transverse.
Sound waves are longitudinal.
But all electromagnetic waves are transverse…
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Electromagnetic waves
Produced by the movement of electrically charged particles
Can travel in a “vacuum” (they do NOT need a medium)
Travel at the speed of
light(300,000km/second)
Also known as EM waves
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Wave-particle Duality
Light can behave like a wave or like a particle
A “particle” of light is called a photon
These photons travel in streams of particles like a wave
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Radio waves
Longest wavelength EM waves these waves include both TV and radio waves. Signals are transmitted and devices with antennas can receive the signals.
Uses: TV broadcasting
AM and FM broadcast radio
Avalanche beacons
Heart rate monitors
Cell phone communication
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Microwaves
• Higher frequency and shorter wavelength than radio. As these waves pass through food, it causes the particles to vibrate resulting in the heating of the food. Microwaves are also used in communication.
Uses:
Microwave ovens
Bluetooth headsets
Broadband Wireless Internet
Radar
GPS
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Infrared Radiation
• These waves are responsible for the heat we feel. Heat seeking missiles detect infrared sources such as tanks or aircraft.
Uses: Night vision goggles
Remote controls
Heat-seeking missiles
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Visible light
Only type of EM wave able to be detected by the human eye
Violet is the highest frequency light
Red light is the lowest frequency light
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Ultraviolet
• These cause our skin to darken (tan) and can even damage our skin. The ozone layer protects us from most UV radiation from the sun.
Uses: Black lights
Sterilizing medical equipment
Water disinfection
Security images on money
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X-rays
Tiny wavelength, high
energy waves these EM
waves pass through many
forms of matter
Uses: Medical imaging
Airport security
Inspecting industrial welds
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Gamma Rays
Smallest wavelengths, highest energy EM waves these EM waves are very penetrating and can severely damage cells.
Uses Food irradiation
Cancer treatment
Treating wood flooring
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“Just Passing Through:” What happens when light
strikes glass? Or waxed paper?
Or a book?
If light travels through an object it is transparent
If light is blocked by an object and a dark shadow is cast it is opaque.
If some light passes through but not all and a light shadow is present it is translucent.
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Reflection
Reflection when a wave strikes
an object and bounces off
incident beam reflected beam
Normal
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Reflection
Law of Reflection the angle of
incidence equals the angle of reflection
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Refraction
Refraction
bending of waves when passing from one medium to another
caused by a change in speed
slower (more dense) light bends in
SLOWER
FASTER
• faster (less dense)
light bends out
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Refraction
Refraction – when wave bends and changes speed as it moves from one medium to another.
When light rays enter a new medium they change in speed, causing them to bend or change direction.
Refraction may cause you to see something that may not actually be there.
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What is the index of
refraction?
Examples of refraction:
Air to water
Water to air
Water to glass
How much a ray of light bends when it enters a new medium.
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Diffraction
bending of waves around a barrier
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Cool Applications!
Rainbows refraction-reflection-refraction
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EMS waves Long wavelength : Low Frequency & Low Energy Short wavelength : High Frequency & High Energy
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*Page info from NSAT Conference 2004
Don’t’ forget…longest waves (radio) ..to shortest waves (cosmic)
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LIGHT & ITS USES:
Mirrors
Plane Mirrors – Perfectly flat
Gives a reverse image
Direct reflection of light waves
© 2000 Microsoft Clip Gallery
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LIGHT & ITS USES:
Mirrors Convex Mirror
Curves outward
Makes images appear smaller but gives a wider fieldof view
Uses:Rear view mirrors, store security…
© 2000 Microsoft Clip Gallery
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LIGHT & ITS USES:
Mirrors
Concave Mirror
Curves inward
Enlarges images.
Uses: make-up mirrors, magnifying mirrors
© 2000 Microsoft Clip Gallery
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LIGHT & ITS USES:
Lenses
Convex Lenses
Thicker in the center than edges.
Lens that converges (brings together) light rays.
Makes objects appear larger
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LIGHT & ITS
USES: Lenses
Concave Lenses –
Lens that is thicker at the edges than in the center.
Diverges light rays
Makes objects appear smaller
© 2000 D. L. Power