ELECTROCARDIOGRAM An electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) is a graphic representation of the heart’s...
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Transcript of ELECTROCARDIOGRAM An electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) is a graphic representation of the heart’s...
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ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
An electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) is a graphic representation of the heart’s electrical activity.
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Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium
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Cells of the Heart Muscle
• Cardio Myocytes• Polarized: inside is negative at rest;
outside is positive• Depolarized: voltage channels open and
allow sodium in which reverses polarity due to shift in electrolyte concentration.
• Repolarized: Cell returns to initial polarized state
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Action Potential
• Nervous system (neurons) and muscle cells carry action potential
• When administering an EKG, the action potential measured is some skeletal and mainly cardiac.
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Properties of Cardiac Cells
• Automaticity• Excitability• Conductivity• Contractility• The heart can initiate its own impulse
(automaticity), respond to the impulse(excitability), and transmit this impulse (conductivity).
• Contractility-mechanical property
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• Purkinje Fibers
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COMPONENTS
• Isoelectric Line
• Cardiac Cycle
• EKG paper
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CARDIAC CYCLE
• One complete heart beat
• Depolarization – Cells stimulated & polarity changes
• Repolarization – Cells return to their normal state.
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SINE WAVE
• P Wave • QRS Complex• T Wave• U Wave• PR Interval• QT Segment• ST Segment
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Normal Parameters
• P-R Interval: .12-.20
• QRS Complex: .08-.12
• Q-T Interval: .42-.46
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EKG PAPER
• Paper is heat and pressure sensitive
• Horizontal – rate
• Vertical - voltage
1mm
.2sec
5mm
.o4sec
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Lead Placement
• Lead I: Ventricular Depolarization toward positive electrode. QRS positively deflected
• Lead II: Same as Lead I• Lead III: Ventricular
Depolarization between + and - so deflection + and -.
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SINUS HEART RHYTHMS
• Normal Sinus
• Sinus Bradycardia
• Sinus Tachycardia
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VENTRICULAR ARRYTHMIAS
• Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC)
• Ventricular Tachycardia (V-Tach)
• Ventricular Fibrillation (V-Fib)
• Asystole