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NERSA | Electricity Supply Statistics for South Africa 2012

ELECTRICITY SUPPLY STATISTICS FOR SOUTH AFR ICA 2012

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VISION AND MISSION

Vision

To be a recognised world-class leader in energy regulation

Mission

To regulate the energy industry in accordance with government laws and policies, standards and international

best practices in support of sustainable development.

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Table of Contents

Foreword and Introduction 04Executive summary 05Overview of the South African electricity market 06

1. Background 12

Sources of primary energy Electricity generation Electricity in South African households

2. Electricity supply and performance 16

Overview of the electricity supply industry in South Africa National performance indicators

3. Generation 21

Financial results Operations Overview of generation licensees

4. Transmission 29

Financial and operational results

5. Networks assets 31

6. Distribution 34

Financial and operational results Customer category and energy sales Overview of average electricity prices

7. New connections 41

Connections: households Connections: schools Connections: clinics Connections: hospitals

8. Distribution licensee data 45

Distribution sales data Provinces Eskom Private distributors Free basic electricity

Glossary and abbreviations 64 References 65

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I herewith present the 2012 Electricity Supply Statistics (ESS) of South Africa showcasing the country’s annual electricity production and sales overview. The information in this publication has primarily been sourced from NERSA’s electricity licensees.

The purpose of this publication is to provide data on electricity generation, transmission, supply and consumption in the country. Detailed, complete, timely and reliable statistics are essential to monitor the energy situation at a national level, as well as at an international level. Energy statistics on generation, supply, trade and demand are indeed the basis for any sound energy policy decision. For instance, in the electricity market, there is a need to closely monitor all market players to know what is produced, traded and consumed. The target audience for this publication includes government departments, municipalities, the business sector, general public, journalists, students and researchers.

The collection and validation of this data across all licensees forms a crucial and challenging phase in the development of such statistics. This has also become evident in the quality of information submitted by licensees over the 2006/07 to 2011/12 period. This has resulted in NERSA putting measures in place that will continuously be revised and upgraded to ensure that correct and consistent information is timeously collected using data collection systems that are simple to use and efficient across all licensees.

Such systems will also ensure that data validation is implemented across all levels to ensure that the highest quality data is collected, stored, analysed and used to support NERSA in performing its electricity regulatory function. This will provide stakeholders with the most insightful and reliable information on South Africa’s electricity industry.

I would like to thank the electricity supply licensees who invested significant effort in ensuring that their information is timeously submitted to NERSA and is of the highest quality.

I trust that this publication will provide all our stakeholders with significant value and I look forward to future insightful ESS publications, including the upcoming ESS that will cover the 2012/13 and 2013/14 information.

_________________________Mr. Christopher ForleeChief Executive Officer

Foreword and Introduction

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Executive Summary

This report encompasses information collected from municipalities, Eskom and private licensees for 2006/07 to 2011/12. The information is collected from all licensed electricity generation, transmission and distribution entities. Eskom’s information covers the financial period of April to March from 2006/07 to 2011/12 across electricity generation, transmission and distribution. The municipalities’ information covers the financial period of July to June from 2006/07 to 2011/12 for both generation and distribution. Furthermore, electricity generation production figures are based on a calendar period of January 2012 to December 2012 for municipalities, Eskom and private generators.

The data is collected using the following forms:1. The Power Production Forms (PPF: Non-Financial data): Monthly data is collected

from each power station on a quarterly basis from all licensed electricity generators.

2. The Electricity Generation Forms (G-Forms: Financial data): The data is collected from each power station on an annual basis from all licensed electricity generators.

3. The Electricity Transmission Information Forms (T-Forms: Financial and Non-Financial data): The data is collected from Eskom on an annual basis.

4. The Electricity Distribution Forms (D-Forms: Financial and Non-Financial data): The data is collected from all electricity distribution licensees on an annual basis.

The reporting period for this publication is the 2011/12 financial year and covers all licensed electricity entities in South Africa. In some cases, the data was trended from 2006/07 to 2011/12. Where possible, historical data and imputation methods such as the mean imputation, hot deck imputation and cold-deck imputation were used to predict the missing values for licensees that did not submit their electricity information and/or where information that was submitted was of poor quality.

Eskom Generation

Large Power Users Customers a

IPPs

Eskom Transmission Imports/Exports

Eskom Distribution

D1 D2 D3

Customers b Customers n

Municipal Generators

Dn

Structure of the Electricity Supply Industry of South Africa

Local Authority and Private Distributors

The structure of the electricity supply industry of South Africa is presented above, showing electricity generation, transmission and distribution, including imports and exports.

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Overview of the South African electricity market

Number Licensee name Power station name

1 City of Cape TownAthlone Gas TurbineRoggebaai Gas TurbineSteenbras Pumped Storage Scheme

2 Transvaal Sugar Ltd TSBKomati MillMalelane Mill

3 Friedenheim Irrigation Board Friedenheim Hydro electric Power station

4 Tongaat-Hulett

Amatikulu Sugar MillDarnall Sugar MillFelixton Sugar MillMaidstone Sugar Mill

5 Kelvin Power Kelvin Power Station

6 City of TshwaneRooiwal Power StationPretoria West Power Station

7 Sasol South Africa (Pty) LtdSasol Chemical Industries Sasol Synfuels Steam Power StationSasol Synfuels Gas Power Station

8 Darling Wind Power (Pty) Ltd Darling Wind Power

9 Bethlehem HydroSol PlaatjieMerino

10 Thaba Chweu Local Municipality Lydenburg Hydro

11 SappiSappi SaiccorSappi TugelaSappi Ngodwana

12 MethCap SPV1 (Proprietary) Limited Cogeneration Plant Methcap Petro SA13 Clackson Power Company (Pty) Ltd Clanwilliam Dam Hydo Power Station14 Newcastle Cogeneration Limited Newcastle Cogeneration15 Mondi Limited Mondi Richards Bay Mill

Number Licensee name Power station name

16 Eskom

ArnotCamdenDuvhaGrootvleiHendrinaKendalKomatiKrielLethaboMajubaMatimbaMatlaTutukaAcaciaAnkerligGourikwaPort RexGariepVanderkloofKoebergDrakensberg

Palmiet

17 Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Nelson Mandela Metropolitan18 Umfolozi Sugar Mill (Pty) Ltd Umfolozi Sugar Mill19 Power Alt Middleburg Power Alt Middleburg20 Mpact Limited Mpact, Piet Retief

Electricity Generation Licensees in 2012

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Electricity Transmission Licensees for 2012

Number Licensee name

1 Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd

2 Motraco

3 Amatola Green Power (Pty) Ltd

NERSA has licensed the above licensees but currently only collecting transmission data from Eskom.

Electricity Distribution Licensees

Total number of licensees: 191 in 2011/12

Municipal distributors: 178

Private distributors: 12

Eskom distributor: 1

Distribution licensee data used for the publication of this report

Number of distribution licensees per province and the year of information used

Province Total licensees as at 2011/12

2011/12 submissions

2010/11 submissions

2009/10 submissions

2008/09 submissions

2007/08 submissions

2006/07 submissions

Eastern Cape 28 28 28 28 27 26 26Free State 20 20 20 20 20 17 17Gauteng 12 10 10 10 10 12 12KwaZulu-Natal 30 25 24 25 24 22 21Limpopo 16 16 16 16 16 12 12Mpumalanga 18 15 15 15 14 13 13Northern Cape 24 24 24 24 23 19 18North West 14 14 12 12 10 9 9Western Cape 28 26 26 26 26 26 26Total submission excl. Eskom 190 178 175 176 170 156 154Total licensees excl. Eskom 190 190 190 193 191 188% of municipal and private distributors’ submissions 93,68% 92,11% 92,63% 88,08% 81,68% 81,91%

There was an increase on the number of licensees between 2006/07 and 2008/09 due to new distribution licences that were issued to private distributors. The decrease on the number of licensees from 193 in 2008/09 to 190 in 2010/11 was due to the merging of cross border municipalities that were distributing electricity.

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Number Licensee name Notified Maximum Demand (NMD) in KVA Province name

1 AECI – Modderfontein 14 852 Gauteng2 AECI - Somerset West 3 000 Western Cape3 AECI - Umbongintwini Site 850 KwaZulu-Natal4 Ithala – Ezakheni 12 000 KwaZulu-Natal5 Ithala – Isithebe 45 000 KwaZulu-Natal6 Ithala – Madadeni 1 500 KwaZulu-Natal7 Mpumalanga Economic Growth Agency (MEGA) 18 616 Mpumalanga8 National Parks Board 10 959 Mpumalanga9 Sasol South Africa (Pty) Ltd 1 573 000 Mpumalanga

10 Tongaat Hullet Sugar 8 000 KwaZulu-Natal11 Vleesbaai Pty Ltd 800 Western Cape12 West Rand Power Distributors 5 500 Gauteng

Number Licensee name Notified Maximum Demand (NMD) in KVA

1 Eskom Not applicable


1 Nelson Mandela 415 977 Eastern Cape2 Camdeboo 16 200 Eastern Cape3 Blue Crane Route 17 167 Eastern Cape4 Ikwezi 1 249 Eastern Cape


5 Makana 20 067 Eastern Cape6 Ndlambe 6 807 Eastern Cape7 Sunday's River Valley 2 678 Eastern Cape8 Baviaans 1 728 Eastern Cape

Distribution licensees for 2011/12 financial year:

1. Eskom distribution:

2. Private distributors:

3. Municipal distributors:

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9 Kouga 59 100 Eastern Cape10 Kou-Kamma 488 Eastern Cape11 Great Kei 1 852 Eastern Cape12 Amahlathi 3 942 Eastern Cape13 Buffalo City 308 950 Eastern Cape14 Nkonkobe 6 714 Eastern Cape15 Nxuba 2 956 Eastern Cape16 Inxuba Yethemba 7 942 Eastern Cape17 Tsolwana 1 654 Eastern Cape18 Inkwanca 859 Eastern Cape19 Lukhanji 46 300 Eastern Cape20 Emalahleni-EC 1 594 Eastern Cape21 Sakhisizwe 1 854 Eastern Cape22 Elundini 2 135 Eastern Cape23 Senqu 805 Eastern Cape24 Maletswai 11 786 Eastern Cape25 Gariep 3 260 Eastern Cape26 Mbizana 3 459 Eastern Cape27 King Sabata Dalindyebo 42 500 Eastern Cape28 Matatiele 7 113 Eastern Cape29 Letsemeng 5 150 Free State30 Kopanong 12 760 Free State31 Mangaung 366 800 Free State32 Mohokare 3 710 Free State33 Naledi 4 815 Free State34 Mantsopa 10 100 Free State35 Masilonyana 7 080 Free State36 Tokologo 3 900 Free State37 Tswelopele 6 200 Free State38 Matjhabeng 122 700 Free State


39 Nala 17 000 Free State40 Setsoto 17 200 Free State41 Dihlabeng 48 200 Free State42 Nketoana 13 500 Free State43 Maluti-a-Phofung 108 800 Free State44 Phumelela 2 200 Free State45 Moqhaka 65 000 Free State46 Ngwathe 43 900 Free State47 Metsimaholo 46 500 Free State48 Mafube 17 750 Free State49 City Power 2 868 261 Gauteng50 Ekurhuleni 2 446 294 Gauteng

51 City of Tshwane Metropolitan 1 945 000 Gauteng

52 Mogale City 140 788 Gauteng53 Randfontein 91 690 Gauteng54 Westonaria 17 521 Gauteng55 Emfuleni 472 625 Gauteng56 Midvaal 40 900 Gauteng57 Lesedi 57 000 Gauteng58 Merafong City 63 512 Gauteng59 eThekwini Metropolitan 2 114 000 KwaZulu-Natal60 uMkhanyakude 1 600 KwaZulu-Natal61 UMuziwabantu 7 000 KwaZulu-Natal62 Hibiscus Coast 26 400 KwaZulu-Natal63 UMngeni 8 500 KwaZulu-Natal64 Mooi Mpofana 20 000 KwaZulu-Natal65 Msunduzi 361 700 KwaZulu-Natal66 Emnambithi-Ladysmith 60 000 KwaZulu-Natal67 Umtshezi 38 000 KwaZulu-Natal

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68 Endumeni 15 000 KwaZulu-Natal69 Nquthu 3 000 KwaZulu-Natal70 Umvoti 10 000 KwaZulu-Natal71 Newcastle 125 000 KwaZulu-Natal72 Utrecht / Emadlangeni 3 000 KwaZulu-Natal73 eDumbe 7 000 KwaZulu-Natal74 UPhongolo 3 500 KwaZulu-Natal75 Abaqulusi 30 000 KwaZulu-Natal76 Ulundi 15 000 KwaZulu-Natal77 City of uMhlathuze 272 000 KwaZulu-Natal78 Umlalazi 9 000 KwaZulu-Natal79 Mthonjaneni 3 000 KwaZulu-Natal80 Nkandla 2 000 KwaZulu-Natal81 Mandeni 3 500 KwaZulu-Natal82 KwaDukuza 122 000 KwaZulu-Natal83 Greater Kokstad 17 000 KwaZulu-Natal84 Ephraim Mogale 7 500 Limpopo85 Elias Motsoaledi 25 000 Limpopo86 Greater Letaba 3 300 Limpopo87 Greater Tzaneen 90 000 Limpopo88 Ba-Phalaborwa 21 475 Limpopo89 Musina 15 000 Limpopo90 Makhado 44 000 Limpopo91 Blouberg 1 000 Limpopo92 Molemole 1 500 Limpopo93 Polokwane 180 000 Limpopo94 Thabazimbi 12 600 Limpopo95 Lephalale 33 649 Limpopo96 Mookgopong 10 500 Limpopo


97 Modimolle 20 000 Limpopo98 Bela-Bela 16 500 Limpopo99 Mogalakwena 37 500 Limpopo

100 Albert Luthuli 5 750 Mpumalanga101 Msukaligwa 41 420 Mpumalanga102 Mkhondo 18 000 Mpumalanga103 Pixley-ka-Seme 9 400 Mpumalanga104 Lekwa 49 540 Mpumalanga105 Dipaleseng 11 500 Mpumalanga106 Govan Mbeki 121 056 Mpumalanga107 Delmas - Victor Khanye 20 000 Mpumalanga108 Emalahleni 213 000 Mpumalanga109 Steve Tshwete 80 000 Mpumalanga110 Emakhazeni 8 800 Mpumalanga111 Thaba Chweu 13 000 Mpumalanga112 Mbombela 190 000 Mpumalanga113 Umjindi 20 000 Mpumalanga114 Nkomazi 28 000 Mpumalanga115 Ga-Segonyana 380 Northern Cape116 Phokwane 600 Northern Cape117 Gamagara 3 100 Northern Cape118 Richtersveld 2 200 Northern Cape119 Nama Khoi 8 200 Northern Cape120 Kamiesberg 900 Northern Cape121 Hantam 3 300 Northern Cape122 Karoo Hoogland 1 500 Northern Cape123 Khâi-Ma 1 150 Northern Cape124 Ubuntu 2 350 Northern Cape125 Umsobomvu 5 650 Northern Cape

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126 Emthanjeni 10 900 Northern Cape127 Kareeberg 2 000 Northern Cape128 Renosterberg 1 300 Northern Cape129 Thembelihle 1 800 Northern Cape130 Siyathemba 3 000 Northern Cape131 Siyancuma 5 700 Northern Cape132 Kai! Garib 16 500 Northern Cape133 Khara Hais 39 000 Northern Cape134 Tsantsabane 7 200 Northern Cape135 Kgatelopele 5 000 Northern Cape136 Sol Plaatjie 117 300 Northern Cape137 Dikgatlong 3 750 Northern Cape138 Magareng 3 100 Northern Cape139 Madibeng 35 000 North West140 Rustenburg 40 000 North West141 Kgetleng Rivier 20 000 North West142 Tswaing 140 000 North West143 Ditsobotla 190 000 North West144 Ramotshere Moiloa 23 500 North West145 Naledi 20 000 North West146 Mamusa 5 500 North West147 Greater Taung 3 200 North West148 Lekwa-Teemane 8 400 North West149 Ventersdorp 28 085 North West150 Tlokwe 9 300 North West151 City of Matlosana 16 387 North West152 Maquassi Hills 7 500 North West153 Beaufort West 1 250 Western Cape154 Bergrivier 11 800 Western Cape


155 Bitou 9 000 Western Cape156 Breede River 20 000 Western Cape157 Breede Valley 400 Western Cape158 Cape Agulhas 25 000 Western Cape159 Cederberg 20 000 Western Cape

160 Central Karoo District Municipality 66 800 Western Cape

161 City of Cape Town Metropolitan 153 190 Western Cape

162 Drakenstein 11 330 Western Cape163 George 85 000 Western Cape164 Hessequa 23 150 Western Cape165 Kannaland 11 250 Western Cape166 Knysna 7 850 Western Cape167 Laingsburg 1 550 Western Cape168 Matzikama 22 100 Western Cape169 Mossel Bay 78 500 Western Cape170 Oudtshoorn 36 100 Western Cape171 Overstrand 54 000 Western Cape172 Prince Albert 2 500 Western Cape173 Saldanha Bay 57 200 Western Cape174 Stellenbosch 80 000 Western Cape175 Swartland 37 000 Western Cape176 Swellendam 11 000 Western Cape177 Theewaterskloof 14 000 Western Cape178 Witzenberg 42 000 Western Cape

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1Background

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The Electricity Supply Statistics (ESS) for South Africa is a publication that provides an overview of the electricity market in South Africa. This publication is largely based on the information submitted by licensed electricity entities/licensees of the National Energy Regulator (NERSA). The generation production information from all licensees is based on the 2012 calendar year’s submissions to NERSA. The transmission information is based on Eskom’s 2006/07 to 2011/12 financial years. The distribution information in this publication is for 2006/07 to 2011/12 for municipalities, Eskom and private licensees. Wherever applicable, the previous’ years data/trends are included in this report.

1.1 Sources of primary energy

It is very important to understand how the electricity sector in South Africa relates to the rest of the world in terms of primary energy sources as well as energy sources used in electricity generation.

Figure 1.1 above indicates the primary energy sources used in the world as was published by the International Energy Agency (IEA) in 2006 and 2012. Oil had the highest percentage (34.0%) in 2006 which decreased to 31.4% in 2012. Coal increased from 25.0% in 2006 to 29.0% in 2012. Gas also increased from 21.0% in 2006 to 21.3% in 2012. Non-hydro renewables recorded a decrease of 0.2% between 2006 to 2012. Nuclear decreased from 7.0% in 2006 to 4.8% in 2012 while hydro increased from 2.0% in 2006 to 2.4% in 2012.

Based on Figure 1.2 above, the most used primary source of energy in South Africa is coal, the usage of which increased from 68.0% in 2006 to 77.2% in 2012. This is followed by oil where the usage decreased from 19.0% in 2006 to 10.8% in 2012. Renewable usage stayed at 8.0% for both 2006 and 2012 and gas usage increased from 2.0% in 2006 to 2.1% in 2012. Nuclear decreased from 3.0% in 2006 to 1.8% in 2012.

Background

Figure 1.1: Primary energy sources used worldwide: 2006 and 2012

Source: World Energy Statistics from the IEA

Figure 1.2: Primary energy sources used in South Africa: 2006 and 2012

Source: World Energy Statistics from the IEA

40%

35%

30%

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0Oil Coal Gas Non-hydro

renewables

11,0%10,8%

21,0%21,3%

7,0%4,8%

2,0% 2,4%0,4% 0,3%

25,0%

34,0%

29,0%31,4%

Nuclear Hydro Other

2006 2012

90%

40%

35%

30%

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0 Oil Renewables Gas

2,0% 2,1%8,0% 8,0%

3,0% 1,8% 0,0% 0,1% 0,0%

19,0%

68,0%

10,8%

77,2%

Nuclear Hydro Other

2006 2012

Coal0,0%

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1.2 Electricity generation

The primary energy sources used in the generation of electricity in South Africa based on generation data submitted in 2006 and 2012 is shown in Figure 1.3 below.

According to the information submitted to NERSA by electricity generators for the 2006 and 2012 calendar years, coal is the main source of energy used for electricity generation in South Africa accounting for 93.2% of electricity generated in 2006 compared to 79.7% in 2012. This is followed by bagasse at 12.9% for 2012, while nuclear contributed 4.2% in 2006, which increased to 4.3% in 2012. Gas power stations generated 1.3% of electricity in 2006, which decreased to 1.1% in 2012. Pumped storage power stations generated 1.0% of electricity in 2012 while spend pulping liquor and coal stations generated a total of 0.6% in the same year.

1.3 Electricity in South African households

Table 1.1: Households using electricity for lighting, cooking and heating

ProvinceCensus and Community

Survey

% of households

using electricity for lighting

% of households

using electricity for cooking

% of households

using electricity for heating

Western Cape

Census 1996 85,4 76,5 71,5

Census 2001 88,0 78,7 73,5Community Survey 2007 93,9 88,8 80,0

Census 2011 93,2 86,9 63,5

Eastern Cape

Census 1996 32,2 23,8 21,5


Census 2011 74,8 62,1 31,2

Northern Cape

Census 1996 63,0 46,7 43,0


Census 2011 85,1 78,1 62,2

Free State

Census 1996 57,1 42,1 39,1


Census 2011 89,8 84,5 55,7

Figure 1.3: Primary energy sources used for electricity generation in South Africa: 2006 and 2012

Source: Electricity generation forms (Power production forms)

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0Bagasse Coal

& GasWindBagasse

& Coal

0,3%1,0%1,3%1,1% 0,0% 0,6% 0,0% 0,1%

12,9%

0,0%

93,2%

4,2%

79,7%

Nuclear Hydro

2006 2012

Coal

4,3%0,0%1,3% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0% 0,0%

Gas PumpedStorage

Spent pulpingliquor & Coal

Spent liquor & Coal

0,0% 0,0%

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Source: Stats SA - Census 1996, 2001, 2011 and Community Survey 2007

ProvinceCensus and Community

Survey

% of households

using electricity for lighting

% of households

using electricity for cooking

% of households

using electricity for heating

KwaZulu-Natal

Census 1996 52,9 45,0 42,7


Census 2011 77,5 68,6 57,5

North West

Census 1996 42,4 32,8 31,2


Census 2011 83,8 75,3 61,8

Gauteng

Census 1996 79,2 71,7 69,1


Census 2011 87,2 83,9 74,7

Mpumalanga

Census 1996 51,5 32,2 29,6


Census 2011 86,2 69,3 57,6

Limpopo

Census 1996 38,7 20,6 19,7


Census 2011 87,1 50,0 45,0

Table 1.1 above indicates that the proportion of households using electricity for lighting, cooking and heating has increased in all the provinces from 1996 to 2011. Through the years, the percentage of households using electricity for cooking and heating in Limpopo and Eastern Cape is lower in comparison with the other provinces.

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3 Generation

2Electricity Supply and Performance

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Electricity supply and performance in South Africa

2.1 Overview of the electricity supply industry in South Africa

Tables 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 below show the energy balance between the energy produced by generation stations, including energy imports into the generation stations and the energy sales/external sales, transmission information in South Africa and Southern African Power Pool (SAPP) and also the distribution information as was submitted in 2011/12 by all licensees.

Table 2.1: Overview of electricity generation sector in South Africa

Generation: Eskom, Municipalities and Privates Units 2011 2012

Licensed Capacity MW 44 616 44 630Net Maximum Power Produced MW 50 687 49 889Energy Generated GWh 262 629 298 752Auxiliary Consumption GWh 17 158 16 806Gross Energy sent out GWh 245 471 281 946Power Imports GWh 550 5 297Net Energy sent out GWh 244 921 276 648Energy consumed on site GWh 8 981 51 631External Sales GWh 235 940 225 017

Source: Electricity generation forms (power production forms)

Table 2.2: Overview of electricity transmission sector in South Africa

Transmission (including international trading) Units 2010/11 2011/12

Eskom peak demand MW 36 664 37 065Imported from SAPP utilities GWh 13 613 13 038Transmitted GWh 224 446 224 785Exported to neighbouring countries (SAPP utilities) GWh 13 296 13 195Transmitted to SA Distributors GWh 211 150 211 590Energy losses (estimate) GWh 8 157 7 686

Source: Eskom

Table 2.3: Overview of electricity distribution sector in South Africa

Distribution in South Africa: Eskom, Municipalities and Private Units 2010/11 2011/12

Total number of customers (Eskom, Municipalities and Private) No. 20 967 818 31 488 359

Total energy purchased by Eskom GWh 224 328 226 424Total energy sold by Eskom GWh 211 594 212 108% energy losses % 6% 6%

Total energy purchased by Municipalities GWh 105 733 108 160Total energy sold by Municipalities GWh 94 006 94 870% energy losses % 11% 12%

Total energy purchased by Private distributors GWh 2 630 14 038Total energy sold by Private distributors GWh 2 508 13 581% energy losses % 5% 3%

Source: Electricity distribution forms (D-Forms)

The units of energy transmitted to the distributors and energy purchased by distribution will not balance since not all energy purchased by distribution is transmitted through the transmission grid. Some of distribution energy will be from own generation stations including the independent power producers (IPPs).

2.2 National performance indicators

Since 2004, when demand-side management projects were initiated and measured, the demand savings in the evening peak (18:00 to 20:00) have increased in line with the growing requirement for demand reduction. The accumulated verified demand savings for the combined financial years 2005 to 2012 is 2 997 MW. The total evening peak demand savings achieved for the 2012 period was 365 MW (2011: 354 MW) against the Eskom target of 313 MW.

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2.2.1 Eskom energy distributed and peak demand

Figure 2.1: Eskom verified accumulated demand savings (MW) against the accumulated Eskom target per year

Source: Eskom annual report

2.2.2 Weekday electricity demand

Figure 2.2: Summer and winter profile demand for 2010/11

Source: Eskom

Peak Day Summer Profile Winter Profile

Wed 14 July 2010 2010/11 2010/1125 199 MW 24 403 MW 24 715 MW

The graph and table above show the peak day, summer and winter demand profiles for the 2010/11 financial year. The peak day demand for 2010/11 was Wednesday, 14 July 2010 at 25 199 MW, while for summer it was at 24 403 MW and for winter it was at 24 715 MW.

Figure 2.3: Summer and winter profile demand for 2011/12

Source: Eskom

Peak Day Summer Profile Winter Profile

Tue 31 May 2011 2011/12 2011/1224 397 MW 24 897 MW 24 228 MW

The graph and table above show the peak day, summer and winter demand profiles for the 2011/12 financial year. The peak day demand for 2011/12 was Tuesday 31 May 2011 at 24 397 MW, while for summer it was at 24 897 MW and for winter it was at 24 228 MW.

38000

36000

34000

32000

30000

28000

26000

24000

220001

Peak Day - Tue 31 May 2011 Summer Profile 2011/12

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 2438000

36000

34000

32000

30000

28000

26000

24000

220001

Peak Day - Wed 14 Jul 2010 Summer Profile 2010/11Hours

Winter Profile 2010/11

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

MW

Hours

MW

Verified accumulated demand savings

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

02006

Peak

dem

and

savin

gs (M

W)

2005Verified demand savings (MW) Eskom Target Excludes 67MW claimed in 2008 for DMP

Winter Profile 2011/12

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Figures 2.2 and 2.3 above show the summer and winter demand profiles for 2010/11 and 2011/12. The demand profiles are closely aligned in the early hours of the morning and start differentiating around 06:00, where the demand profile for winter is higher. However, in the afternoon around 15:00 the summer demand profile is higher. The winter evening peak demand is an hour earlier at 19:00 and significantly more profound than the summer evening peak demand.

2.3 Generation low frequency incidents

Low frequency incident: A drop in system frequency below 49.5 Hz for more than one second as a result of imbalance in supply and demand.

This indicator shows how well the instantaneous balance between electricity supply and electricity demand is maintained. Low frequencies can occur when a generation plant is automatically disconnected due to plant problems, when there is inadequate amount of generation available or when there are unforeseen demand increases.

Figure 2.4 below shows the number of low frequency incidents experienced on the South African power system from 2007 to 2012. The generation low frequency incidents increased from 15 in 2007 to 69 in 2008 and then decreased to 10 and 2 in 2009 and 2010 respectively. The number of incidents increased to 14 in 2012.

Figure 2.4: Generation low frequency incidents: 2007 - 2012

Source: Eskom

2.4 Transmission system interruption time

This indicator measures the duration and amount of consumer load interruption and expresses it in terms of the duration of the peak system demand. One system minute is the energy equivalent of not supplying the peak national demand for one minute. That means, a 30-minute interruption to a large city or industrial area with 1000 MW demand will add one system minute to the index when the peak national demand is 30 000 MW.

Figure 2.5 below shows the interruption time for incidents that contributed less than one system minute. The transmission system interruption time remained between 3.67 and 4.21 from 2007 to 2010, but decreased to 2.63 in 2011 and then increased to 4.73 in 2012.

Figure 2.5: Transmission low frequency incidents contributing < one system minute: 2007 to 2012

Source: Eskom transmission* Excluding Generation caused load shedding

Incidents contributing: < one system minute*

Num

ber o

f Inc

iden

ts

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

7

5

4

3

2

1

0

2,63

4,734,094,21

3,563,67

15

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

02007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

69

10

27

14

Min

utes

20


Figure 2.6: Transmission low frequency incidents contributing > one system minute: 2007 to 2012

Source: Eskom transmission* Excluding Generation caused load shedding

Figure 2.6 above shows the interruption time for incidents that contributed more than one system minute. The transmission system interruption time increased from 1.24 in 2007 to 9.87 in 2008 and then decreased to 0 in 2011, but increased to 1.54 in 2012.

Figure 2.7: Line faults (LF) per 100 km: 2007 to 2012

Source: Eskom transmission

Incidents contributing: > one system minute*

2007 2008

Min

utes

2009 2010 2011 2012

12

10

8

6

4

2

0 0

1.161.54

3.82

9.87

1.24

2007 2008

Line

faul

ts p

er 1

00km

2009 2010 2011 2012

3,00

3,00

2,50

2,00

1,50

1,00

0,50

0,00

2.412.72

2.522.472.352.43

The causes of line faults can originate from both environmental influences and internal design influences. Line faults caused by internal design influences (such as tower structural failure) are minimal since these are entirely under the control of the designer. Causes from environmental influences depend on where the line is situated and are often the limiting factors in terms of achieving the desired performance for a transmission line.

In South Africa, the dominant causes of line faults include the following:1. lightning;2. contamination;3. birds; and4. fire.

The number of line faults increased between 2008 and 2011, but Eskom managed to reduce line faults from 2.72 in 2011 to 2.41 in 2012 mainly due to: 1. additional fire-management teams and improvements in maintenance on

servitudes;2. maintenance on high-voltage direct current (HVDC) line insulators; and3. reduced lightning faults as a result of a milder storm season resulting in fewer

grass fires.

3Generation

2121

22


Generation financial and operational results

3.1 Financial

Table 3.1 below shows the consolidated financial and operational results achieved by generation licensees during the 2011/12 financial year.

Table 3.1: Total Revenue and Total Expenditure for municipalities, Eskom and private generators

2011/12 Total (R'000)

Eskom (R'000)

Municipal & Private Generators (R'000)

Total Revenue 84 408 284 62 268 890 22 139 394Total Expenditure 77 221 417 49 375 507 27 845 910

Source: Electricity generation forms (G-Forms)

Figure 3.1 below, shows the expenditure breakdown by category for electricity generation from 2006/07 to 2011/12 as was submitted on the generation forms (G-Forms) by Eskom. The primary energy cost of Eskom generation expenditure increased from 49% in 2006/07 to 70% in 2011/12.

The operational cost fluctuated between 7% and 4% during the same period. The maintenance component of Eskom’s expenditure decreased from 30% in 2006/07 to 9% in 2011/12, while the administration cost increased from 3% in 2006/07 to 11% in 2011/12. The expenditure on allocated corporate overheads for Eskom decreased from 12% in 2006/07 to 6% in 2011/12.

Figure 3.1: Expenditure breakdown for electricity generation: Eskom


49%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%Primary Energy

69

56%

62%

67%70% 70%

30%

3%7% 5% 5% 4% 4% 4%

24%19%

15%12%

9%

4% 4% 5% 5%

11% 11%12% 10% 9% 8%6%

Operations Maintanance Administration/General Allocated Corporate Overheads

2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12

23


Figure 3.2: Expenditure breakdown for electricity generation: municipalities and private generators


Figure 3.2 above shows the expenditure breakdown by category for electricity generation from 2006/07 to 2011/12 as was submitted on the generation forms (G-Forms) by municipalities and private generators. The primary energy cost decreased from 22% in 2006/07 to 12% in 2009/10 and then increased to 88% in 2011/12. The operational cost decreased from 10% in 2006/07 to 2% in 2011/12. The maintenance expenditure increased from 63% in 2006/07 to 73% in 2009/10 and then decreased to 6% in 2011/12 for both municipalities and private generators combined. The administration cost increased from 5% in 2006/07 to 9% in 2009/10 and then decreased to 2% in 2011/12.

3.2 Operational stations in 2011/12

Table 3.2 below shows generation key indicators for licensed stations that were operational in 2010/11 and 2011/12. The difference between the license capacity and the net maximum power indicates the extent of surplus capacity that was not used during the year. The table also shows the energy produced/generated, auxiliary consumption, energy consumed on site and energy sold by all stations that were operational during the 2010/11 and 2011/12 financial years.

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0% Primary Energy Operations Maintanance Administration/General Allocated Corporate Overheads

2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12

22%17% 14% 12%

81%

86%

10%8% 6% 5% 5% 2%

63%69%

72% 73%

6% 6% 5% 7% 8% 9% 6%2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1%

24


Table 3.2: Operational stations for municipalities, Eskom and Private generators

Items measured Measurement2011 2012

Eskom Municipality Private Total Eskom Municipality Private TotalLicensed Capacity MW 41 884 785 1 947 44 616 41 888 784 1 958 44 630Net Maximum Power Produced MW 40 939 364 9 384 50 687 40 329 520 9 040 49 889Energy Generated GWh 253 657 575 8 397 262 629 250 267 464 48 021 298 752Auxiliary Consumption GWh 16 438 56 664 17 158 16 666 39 102 16 806Gross Energy sent out GWh 237 219 519 7 733 245 471 233 601 425 47 919 281 945Power Imports GWh 0 98 452 550 0 148 5 149 5 297Net Energy sent out GWh 237 219 422 7 281 244 922 233 601 277 42 770 276 648Energy consumed on site GWh 4 021 72 4 889 8 981 5 054 82 46 495 51 631External Sales GWh 233 198 350 2 392 235 940 228 547 195 -3 725 225 017

Source: Electricity generation forms (Power production forms)

Table 3.3: Generation staff complement

Financial year Eskom Municipalities and Privates

2010/11 12 049 1 4372011/12 12 422 1 084


Figure 3.3: Definition of generation sector energy values

Power station energy set out definition

Auxiliary Use

Sold

Used in generation process pumpedstorage pumping

Own use (Co-generation)

G Net Sent OutGross Sent Out

3.3 Overview of generation licensees in 2011/12

Coal-fired generation: In South Africa, approximately 79.7% of electricity was produced by coal-fired stations in 2011/12. There were 17 fully operational coal-fired power stations in 2011/12; 13 owned by Eskom, 1 owned by the municipalities and 3 owned by the private generators.

Bagasse: is a waste product from sugar refineries and is used to produce steam and electricity for use by the sugar refineries themselves. Almost all electricity generation using bagasse is for own use by the refineries and they generated 12.8% electricity while bagasse and coal generated 0.1% in 2011/12. The excess is sold under licence agreements to Eskom and local distributors.

Nuclear generation: South Africa has only 1 nuclear power station in operation, namely Koeberg power station, owned by Eskom. Approximately 4.3% of all electricity in South Africa was generated using nuclear as primary energy source in 2011/12.

Gas Turbines: The gas turbines in South Africa, use aeronautical diesel fuel to drive jet turbines, connected to power generators. There were 11 such power generators in South Africa that were fully operational in 2011/12. Eskom owned

25


4 of these stations, municipalities owned 3 stations and the private generators owned 4 stations. These plants are used for emergency generation only due to their high cost and they accounted for 1.1% of all electricity generated in South Africa during the 2011/12 financial year.

Hydro: Hydro generation uses the natural flow of water in a river or from a storage reservoir to generate electricity. In 2011/12 there were 7 such power stations in operation, of which Eskom owned 2, municipalities owned 1 and 4 were owned by private generators. Hydro was responsible for approximately 0.3% of electricity generated in South Africa in 2011/12.

Spend liquor: is an effluent product from the digestion process that contains chemicals and is used to produce steam and electricity for use by the refineries plants. Almost all electricity generation using spent liquor is for own use by the refineries. The excess is sold under licence agreements to Eskom and local distributors.

Table 3.4: Overview of the Electricity Generation sector in 2011/12

Power classification per licensee type Total Eskom Municipalities Private

Number of licensees 20 1 4 15Operational power stations 53 22 7 24

Coal 17 13 1 3Bagasse 1 * * 1Nuclear 1 1 * *Gas 11 4 3 4Hydro 7 2 1 4Pumped Storage 3 2 1 *Spent pulping liquor and Coal 4 * * 4Bagasse and Coal 6 * * 6Coal and Gas 1 * 1 *Wind 1 * * 1Spent liquor and Coal 1 * * 1

Source: Electricity generation forms (Power production forms)* = Not applicable

Pumped Storage: This form of electricity generation is very similar to hydro generation. The primary source of energy in both these forms of power stations is water. In pumped storage stations; however, the water that drives the plant is not obtained from natural flow, but from water that is pumped to a reservoir above the plant during periods of low-cost generation (off-peak periods) for use during periods of high-cost generation. During the pumping process, electricity from other power stations is used. There were 3 such power stations that were fully operational in 2011/12; Eskom owned 2 plants and a municipality owned 1 plant. The pumped storage facilities accounted for 1.0% of all electricity generated in South Africa for the 2011/12 financial year.

Spent pulping liquor: is a waste product from pulpwood refineries and is used to produce steam and electricity for use by the pulpwood plants themselves. Almost all electricity generation using spent pulping liquor is for own use by the refineries and they generated 0.6% electricity in 2011/12. The excess is sold under licence agreements to Eskom and local distributors.

26


Power Station Name

System Used / Power Station

Type

Licensee Type

Licensed Capacity

Net Maximum Power Produced

Energy Generated

Auxiliary Consumption

Gross Energy sent out

Power Imports

Net Energy sent out

Energy consumed on

siteExternal Sales

MW MW MWh MWh MWh MWh MWh MWh MWh

Bagasse stations

Umfolozi Sugar Mill Bagasse Private 16,00 4,00 38 471 191,00 - 38 471 191,00 4 432 607,00 34 038 584,00 40 343 251,28 -6 304 667,28

Bagasse and Coal stations

Komati Mill Bagasse and Coal Private 20,00 18,00 86 880,00 - 86 880,00 3 555,10 83 324,90 62 653,84 20 671,06

Malelane Mill Bagasse and Coal Private 19,00 16,00 92 226,00 - 92 226,00 10 924,96 81 301,04 83 574,14 -2 273,10

Amatikulu Sugar Mill Bagasse and Coal Private 12,00 11,80 36 999,25 - 36 999,25 6 293,53 30 705,72 38 888,53 -8 182,81

Darnall Sugar Mill Bagasse and Coal Private 12,00 7,00 17 957,00 - 17 957,00 6 504,00 11 453,00 24 461,00 -13 008,00

Felixton Sugar Mill Bagasse and Coal Private 32,00 24,00 71 360,00 - 71 360,00 6 541,70 64 818,30 53 324,97 11 493,33

Maidstone Sugar Mill Bagasse and Coal Private 22,50 - 39 320,00 - 39 320,00 28 880,00 10 440,00 63 654,12 -53 214,12

Coal stations

Arnot Coal Eskom 2 232,00 2 012,00 13 026 226,03 911 870,03 12 114 356,00 - 12 114 356,00 - 12 114 356,00

Camden Coal Eskom 1 450,00 1 451,00 8 902 148,00 640 513,62 8 261 634,38 - 8 261 634,38 - 8 261 634,38

Duvha Coal Eskom 3 450,00 2 645,00 18 131 754,00 1 069 966,00 17 061 788,00 - 17 061 788,00 - 17 061 788,00

Grootvlei Coal Eskom 1 090,00 1 077,00 6 232 252,89 395 871,89 5 836 381,00 - 5 836 381,00 - 5 836 381,00

Hendrina Coal Eskom 1 865,00 1 596,00 10 695 691,49 673 685,49 10 022 006,00 - 10 022 006,00 - 10 022 006,00

Kendal Coal Eskom 3 840,00 3 949,00 28 855 844,90 2 060 012,90 26 795 832,00 - 26 795 832,00 - 26 795 832,00

Komati Coal Eskom 791,00 757,00 3 963 569,04 249 003,04 3 714 566,00 - 3 714 566,00 - 3 714 566,00

Kriel Coal Eskom 2 850,00 2 580,00 16 944 768,72 1 223 746,72 15 721 022,00 - 15 721 022,00 - 15 721 022,00

Lethabo Coal Eskom 3 558,00 3 575,00 24 333 573,60 1 388 506,60 22 945 067,00 - 22 945 067,00 - 22 945 067,00

Majuba Coal Eskom 3 843,00 3 814,00 27 647 993,22 2 226 465,22 25 421 528,00 - 25 421 528,00 - 25 421 528,00

Matimba Coal Eskom 3 690,00 3 723,00 29 865 255,36 2 679 386,36 27 185 869,00 - 27 185 869,00 - 27 185 869,00

Matla Coal Eskom 3 450,00 3 388,00 22 765 429,29 1 358 253,29 21 407 176,00 - 21 407 176,00 - 21 407 176,00

Tutuka Coal Eskom 3 510,00 3 378,00 20 747 557,00 1 160 271,00 19 587 286,00 - 19 587 286,00 - 19 587 286,00

Table 3.4 above provides an overview of the generation sector in terms of the number of licensees and number of power stations per licensee type. There were 20 licensees for the 2011/12 financial year with a total of 53 power stations that were fully operational for this period. Eskom had 22 stations, municipalities had 7 stations and the private generators had 24 operational power stations.

Table 3.5: Licensed and Operational Power Stations in 2012

27


Power Station Name


Type

Licensee Type

Licensed Capacity


Energy Generated



Power Imports

Net Energy sent out

Energy consumed on

siteExternal Sales


Rooiwal Power Station Coal Municipality 300,00 76,26 328 683,10 36 939,90 291 743,20 - 291 743,20 - 291 743,20

Kelvin Power Station Coal Private 600,00 250,00 1 624 950,00 100 024,00 1 524 926,00 - 1 524 926,00 - 1 524 926,00

Sasol Chemical Industries Coal Private 128,00 116,07 848 970,33 - 848 970,33 - 848 970,33 848 970,33 -

Sasol Synfuels Steam Power Station

Coal Private 600,00 539,00 3 144 578,17 - 3 144 578,17 - 3 144 578,17 2 894 377,00 250 201,17

Coal and Gas stations

Pretoria West Power Station Coal and Gas Municipality 180,00 180,00 - - - - - 2 255,90 -2 255,90

Gas stations

Acacia Gas Eskom 171,00 172,00 6 837,00 6,00 6 831,00 - 6 831,00 - 6 831,00

Ankerlig Gas Eskom 1 327,00 1 367,00 833 192,00 4 227,00 828 965,00 - 828 965,00 - 828 965,00

Gourikwa Gas Eskom 740,00 726,00 499 235,33 3 440,31 495 795,02 - 495 795,02 - 495 795,02

Port Rex Gas Eskom 171,00 171,00 7 828,00 68,00 7 760,00 - 7 760,00 - 7 760,00

Athlone Gas Turbine Gas Municipality 40,00 37,00 520,54 109,08 411,46 - 411,46 - 411,46Roggebaai Gas Turbine Gas Municipality 42,00 19,80 201,87 119,67 82,20 - 82,20 - 82,20

Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Gas Municipality 40,00 38,00 - - - - - 79 320,00 -79 320,00

Sasol Synfuels Gas Power Station Gas Private 252,00 232,00 1 761 971,97 - 1 761 971,97 - 1 761 971,97 - 1 761 971,97

Power Alt Middleburg Gas Private 10,70 10,70 3 222,83 131,53 3 091,30 - 3 091,30 - 3 091,30

Cogeneration Plant Methcap Petro SA Gas Private 4,24 3 151,00 4 163,60 - 4 163,60 321,59 3 842,00 - 3 842,00

Newcastle Cogeneration Gas Private 18,50 4 371,00 46 511,50 - 46 511,50 - 46 511,50 - 46 511,50

Hydro stations

Gariep Hydro Eskom 360,00 365,00 432 397,00 7 300,00 425 097,00 - 425 097,00 - 425 097,00

Vanderkloof Hydro Eskom 240,00 270,00 495 644,00 6 094,00 489 550,00 - 489 550,00 - 489 550,00

28


Power Station Name


Type

Licensee Type

Licensed Capacity


Energy Generated



Power Imports

Net Energy sent out

Energy consumed on

siteExternal Sales


Lydenburg Hydro Hydro Municipality 2,10 2,10 7 980,84 - 7 980,84 - 7 980,84 - 7 980,84Friedenheim Hydro electric Power station Hydro Private 2,50 1,90 12 588,46 - 12 588,46 - 12 588,46 - 12 588,46

Sol Plaatje Hydro Private 3,00 2,23 15 346,13 - 15 346,13 1,32 15 344,81 - 15 344,81

Merino Hydro Private 4,00 3,58 20 156,13 - 20 156,13 - 20 156,13 - 20 156,13Clanwilliam Dam Hydo Power Station Hydro Private 1,50 1,50 6 350,14 49,14 6 301,00 - 6 301,00 - 6 301,00

Nuclear stations

Koeberg Nuclear Eskom 1 860,00 1 865,00 12 967 435,00 606 170,00 12 361 265,00 - 12 361 265,00 - 12 361 265,00

Pumped Storage stations

Drakensberg Pumped Storage Eskom 1 000,00 1 021,00 2 047 041,00 844,00 2 046 197,00 - 2 046 197,00 2 794 344,00 -748 147,00

Palmiet Pumped Storage Eskom 400,00 427,00 865 522,00 296,00 865 226,00 - 865 226,00 2 259 998,00 -1 394 772,00Steenbras Pumped Storage Scheme Pumped Storage Municipality 180,00 167,00 126 319,29 1 523,92 124 795,37 148 111,90 -23 316,53 - -23 316,53

Spent liquor and Coal stations

Mpact, Piet Retief Spent liquor and Coal Private 5,10 5,10 7 094,30 - 7 094,30 26 924,30 -19 830,00 34 018,60 -53 848,60

Spent pulping liquor and Coal stations

Sappi Saiccor Spent pulping liquor and Coal Private 46,00 36,08 225 356,25 1 360,82 223 995,43 93 862,47 130 132,97 148 286,73 -18 153,76

Sappi Tugela Spent pulping liquor and Coal Private 10,00 20,00 29 022,64 - 29 022,64 270 948,64 -241 926,00 299 971,28 -541 897,28

Sappi Ngodwana Spent pulping liquor and Coal Private 117,00 117,00 771 736,59 - 771 736,59 71 265,30 700 471,29 803 583,35 -103 112,06

Mondi Richards Bay Mill

Spent pulping liquor and Coal Private 17,00 97,00 675 344,30 - 675 344,30 190 515,00 484 829,30 796 377,62 -311 548,32

Wind stations

Darling Wind Power Wind Private 5,30 5,20 7 498,61 - 7 498,61 62,78 7 435,83 - 7 435,83

NERSA | Electricity Supply Statistics South Africa 2012NERSA | Electricity Supply Statistics South Africa 2012

4Transmission

29

30


4.1 Transmission financial and operational results

The tables 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and figure 4.1 show the financial and operational results of Eskom Transmission.

Table 4.1 Transmission expenditure and revenue

Line item 2010/11 2011/12 % increase

Total Revenue R'000 9 511 000 8 480 000 -10,8%

Total Expenditure R'000 11 141 000 13 296 000 19,3%


The total revenue for the transmission sector decreased by 10.8% from 2010/11 to 2011/12, while the total expenditure increased by 19.3% over the same period. This covers the transmission network business, power pool and systems operations, but excludes cost of sales.

Figure 4.1 Operating expenditure breakdown (R millions)


Net Interest Depreciation

Expe

nditu

re (R

milli

onos

)

8933

180

24

299

225

482490565

733806

548592

1023

869

662

919

1067

507547

485452

357304278 294

949899

788

617

Manpower Corporate Overheads General Express

1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12

In Figure 4.1 above, an overview of the transmission operational expenditure breakdown from 2006/07 to 2011/12 is outlined. The net interest fluctuated between R24 million and R299 million over the 6-year period. Depreciation increased from R482 million in 2006/07 to R806 million in 2011/12. There is an increase for the other expenditure items (Manpower, Corporate Overheads and General Expenses) over the same period.

Table 4.2: Overview of the peak demand and energy transactions

Transmission (including international trading) Units 2010/11 2011/12

Eskom peak demand MW 36 664 37 065

Imported from SAPP utilities GWh 13 613 13 038

Transmitted GWh 224 446 224 785

Exported to neighbouring countries (SAPP utilities) GWh 13 296 13 195

Transmitted to SA Distributors GWh 211 150 211 590

Energy losses (estimate) GWh 8 157 7 686Source: Eskom transmission

Table 4.3: Assets and staff complement for electricity transmission

Operations 2010/11 2011/12

Staff complement 2 061 1 667

Total lines (km) 27 773 28 020

Total number of transformers 470 473

Transformers’ capacity (MVA) 133 178 138 438Source: Eskom transmission

NERSA | Electricity Supply Statistics South Africa 2012NERSA | Electricity Supply Statistics South Africa 2012NERSA | Electricity Supply Statistics South Africa 2012

5Network Assets

31

32


5.1 Transmission and distribution networks information

Tables 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 and 5.4 below summarise the extent of the networks used to transmit and distribute electricity in South Africa. The network assets for transmission and distribution are stated in lines and are categorised into voltage levels. The transformation capabilities are stated in terms of the number of transformers used at the transmission and distribution level and their transformation capacity in MVA.

Table 5.1: South African transmission lines in kilometers (km)

Total transmission lines

Primary Voltage (KV)Eskom City Power EThekwini Metropolitan City of Cape Town

Total 2011/12 2011/12 2011/12 2011/12

765 kV 1 173 - - - 1 173400 kV 17 133 - - - 17 133275 kV 7 361 36 141 - 7 538220kV 1 217 - - - 1 217132 kV 1 119 - 478 1 010 2 60788 kV 17 775 - - 792

Total 28 020 811 619 1 010 30 460Source: Transmission from Eskom; City Power; EThekwini Metropolitan and City of Cape Town

Table 5.2: Transmission transformers’ information

Transformers 2010/11 2011/12 % Increase

Total number of transformers 470 473 0,64%Transformers’ capacity (MVA) 133 178 138 438 3,95%


Table 5.3: Distribution and reticulation lines in kilometers (km)

Total distribution and reticulation lines

Primary Voltage (KV)2010/11 2011/12

Total Eskom Munics and Privates Total Eskom Munics and PrivatesLV (Below 1 kV) 1 688 445 172 131 1 516 314 1 668 944 - 1 668 944MV (1 to below 44 kV) 881 883 283 045 598 838 901 843 319 455 582 388HV (44 to 132 kV) 49 538 45 868 3 670 236 303 48 934 187 369

Total 2 619 866 501 044 2 118 822 2 807 090 368 389 2 438 701Source: Electricity distribution forms

33


Table 5.4: Distribution transformers’ information

Transformers 2010/11 2011/12

Total Eskom Munics and Privates Total Eskom Munics and Privates

Total number of transformers 311 301 107 098 204 203 530 374 148 984 381 390

Transformers’ capacity (MVA) 460 445 300 173 160 272 542 055 377 051 165 004Source: Electricity distribution forms

34

NERSA | Electricity Supply Statistics South Africa 2012 NERSA | Electricity Supply Statistics South Africa 2012NERSA | Electricity Supply Statistics South Africa 2012

6Distribution

34

35


6.1 Electricity distribution financial and operational results

Table 6.1 below shows the consolidated financial results on the total revenue and total expenditure for municipalities, Eskom and private distributors during the 2011/12 financial year.

Table 6.1: Total revenue and expenditure for municipalities, Eskom and private distributors in 2011/12 financial year

2011/12 Total(R'000)

Eskom(R'000)

Municipal & Private distributors(R'000)

Total Revenue 318 724 564 105 884 120 212 840 444

Total Expenditure 267 596 404 105 443 000 162 153 404


Figure 6.1 below shows the categories of expenditure breakdown incurred by Eskom, municipalities and private distributors for electricity distribution during the 2011/12 financial year. Of the total expenditure on electricity distribution for the 3 entities in 2011/12, Eskom spent 78.3% on electricity bulk purchases while municipalities and private distributors spent 40.4% combined. In terms of the salaries and maintenance part of the expenditure, Eskom spent 10.3% while municipalities and private distributors spent 39.1% combined. The capital charges had the lowest expenditure percentage, where Eskom spent 0.8% compared to 0.4% for municipalities and private distributors. On other expenses, Eskom had an expenditure of 10.6%, while municipalities and private distributors spent 20.1% combined.

Figure 6.1: Expenditure breakdown for electricity distribution in 2011/12 financial year


Table 6.2: Distribution market and operations in 2011/12 financial yearEnergy purchases, sales and losses Total Eskom Municipalities Private

Total number of customers 31 488 359 4 848 802 26 637 510 2 047

Total energy purchased in GWh 348 622 226 424 108 160 14 038

Total energy sold in GWh 320 559 212 108 94 870 13 581

% energy losses 8% 6% 12% 3%


100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

Eskom Municipalities and Private

78.3%

40.4%

10.3%

39.1%

0.8%10.6%

20.1%

0.4%

Electricity Purchases Capital Charges Other ExpensesSalaries & Maintanance

36


Table 6.3: Distribution operations in 2011/12 financial year

Operations Total Eskom Municipalities and private distributors

Staff complement 45 561 22 080 23 481

Total lines (km) 2 807 090 368 389 2 438 701

Total number of transformers 530 374 148 984 381 390

Transformers’ capacity (MVA) 542 055 377 051 165 004


6.2 Customer category and energy sales

The customer categories based on the economic activity of the electricity users, according to the standard industry classification (SIC) codes, are listed below.

Customer Category Economic Activities

Domestic SIC Code 0 (Private Households, Exterritorial Organisations, Representatives of Foreign Governments and Other Activities)

Agriculture SIC Code 1 (Agriculture, Hunting and Fishing)

Mining SIC Code 2 (Mining and Quarrying)

Manufacturing SIC Code 3 (Manufacturing)

Commercial SIC Code 6 (Wholesale, Retail Trade, Repair of Motor Vehicles, Motorcycles and Personal and Household Goods, Hotels and Restaurants)

Transport SIC Code 7 (Transport Storage and Communication)General

SIC Code 4, 5, 8 and 9. Where:

SIC Code 4 - Electricity, Gas and Water Supply (Own use)

SIC Code 5 - Construction

SIC Code 8 - Financial Intermediation, Insurance, Real Estate and Business Services

SIC Code 9 - Community, Social and Personal Services

37


Table 6.4: Overview of customer category per licensee type in 2011/12 financial year

Customer Category Grand Total %Eskom distribution Municipal distributors Private distributors

Number of customers % Number of customers % Number of customers % Domestic 31 005 621 98,47% 4 710 050 15,19 26 294 425 84,81 1 146 0Agriculture 108 553 0,34% 84 095 77,47 24 450 22,52 8 0,01Mining 1 125 0,00% 1 100 97,78 24 2,13 1 0,09Manufacturing / Industrial 31 539 0,10% 2 775 8,8 28 258 89,6 506 1,6Commercial 327 467 1,04% 49 484 15,11 277 602 84,77 381 0,12Transport 616 0,00% 508 82,47 108 17,53 - 0,00General 12 408 0,04% 4 0,03 12 404 99,97 - 0,00Redistributors 1 030 0,00% 786 76,31 239 23,2 5 0,49Grand Total 31 488 359 100,00% 4 848 802 15,40 26 637 510 84,59 2 047 0,01


Table 6.4 above shows the breakdown of customers per licensee type during the 2011/12 financial year. Approximately 85% of customers in South Africa receive their electricity from municipal distributors, 15% from Eskom and 0.01% from private distributors. A total of 84% of the Domestic, 90% of Manufacturing / Industrial, 85% of Commercial and 99% of General customers receive their electricity from municipalities. A total of 77% of Agricultural, 98% of Mining, 82% of Transport and 76% of Redistributors customers are serviced by Eskom. In total, private distributors service 2 047 customers, of which 1 146 are Domestic customers, while 506 are in the manufacturing/industrial sector.

Table 6.5: Overview of electricity sales by customer category in 2011/12 financial year

Customer Category Grand Total %Eskom Distribution Municipal Distributors Private Distributors

GWh % GWh % GWh % Domestic 48 523 15,06% 10 327 21,28 38 100 78,52 96 0,20Agriculture 5 968 1,85% 5 139 86,11 826 13,84 3 0,05Mining 32 737 10,16% 32 617 99,63 69 0,21 51 0,16Manufacturing / Industrial 85 647 26,58% 58 632 68,46 26 550 30,90 465 0,54Commercial 37 000 11,48% 9 270 25,05 27 715 74,90 15 0,04Transport 3 506 1,09% 3 270 93,27 236 6,73 - 0,00General 746 0,23% 86 11,55 660 88,45 - 0,00Redistributors 92 231 28,62% 92 140 99,90 91 0,10 0,211 0,00Own use 15 867 4,92% 626 3,94 2 290 14,44 12 951 81,60Grand Total 322 227 100,00% 212 107 65,83 96 537 29,96 13 581 4,21


38


Table 6.5 above indicates the breakdown of energy sales per customer category by licensee type during the 2011/12 financial year. Eskom supplies 66% of South Africa’s electricity to end-users, followed by municipalities at 30% and private distributors at 4%. Domestic customers received 79% of electricity from municipalities, Commercial customers received 75% from municipalities, General customers received 88% from municipalities and municipalities consumed 14% for own use. Agriculture customers received a total of 86% from Eskom, Mining customers received 99% of electricity from Eskom, Manufacturing/Industrial customers received 68% from Eskom, Transport customers received 93% from Eskom and Redistributors received 99% of electricity from Eskom. Private distributors use 82% of electricity purchased for own use.

6.3 Overview of average electricity prices

This section looks at average electricity prices by customer category per licensee type i.e. municipalities, Eskom and private distributors. The average price is obtained by dividing the revenue received per customer category by the respective energy sales.

Figure 6.2: Average annual household income and average domestic energy price (c/kWh) for 2011/12 by province

Domestic average energy price (c/kWh) for 2011/12

Figure 6.2 above shows the average annual household income per province during Census 2011. It is critical to link the average annual household income to the cost of electricity since electricity is one of the basic needs/services for households in the country. Gauteng indicated the highest average annual household income (R156 243) in 2011 while the Domestic customers were paying 94.51 c/kWh on average followed by Western Cape (R143 460) where the Domestic customers were paying 51.46 c/kWh on average and Limpopo had the lowest average annual household income (R56 844) while the Domestic customers in this province were paying 83.40 c/kWh on average.

Table 6.6: Eskom’s average electricity prices (c/kWh) across customer categories in 2011/12 financial year

Customer Category

Number of customers % Split GWh % Split

Average price

(c/kWh)

Domestic 4 710 050 97,14 10 327 4,87 77,99

Agriculture 84 095 1,73 5 139 2,42 87,22

Mining 1 100 0,02 32 617 15,38 48,10Manufacturing/Industrial 2 775 0,06 58 632 27,64 40,12

Commercial 49 484 1,02 9 270 4,37 63,92

Transport 508 0,01 3 270 1,54 57,42

General 4 0,00 86 0,04 52,37

Redistributors 786 0,02 92 140 43,44 47,68

Own use * * 626 0,29 61,22

Grand Total 4 848 802 100,00 212 107 100,00 59,56

Source: Electricity distribution forms (D-Forms)* = Not applicable

Gauteng

Western Cape

Nothern Cape

Kwazulu-Natal

Mpumalanga

Free State

North West

Eastern Cape

Limpopo

R86 175

R143 460

R83 053

R77 609

R75 312

R69 955

R64 539

R56 844

R156 243

R0 R50 000 R100 000 R150 000 R200 000

83,40

70,28

65,00

84,83

82,78

99,89

90,81

51,46

94,51

Census 2011

Source: Stats SA report for census 2011 and Electricity distribution forms (D-Forms)

39


Figure 6.3: Eskom’s average electricity prices (c/kWh) across customer categories in 2011/12 financial year


Table 6.6 and Figure 6.3 above gives a breakdown of Eskom average electricity prices in c/kWh across customer categories during the 2011/12 financial year. Eskom’s average electricity price was 87.22 c/kWh for Agriculture customers, 77.99 c/kWh for Domestic customers, 63.92 c/kWh for Commercial customers and 61.22 c/kWh for own use.

Table 6.7: Municipalities’ average electricity prices (c/kWh) across customer categories in 2011/12 financial year

Customer Category

Number of customers % Split GWh % Split Average price

(c/kWh)

Domestic 26 294 425 98,71 38 100 39,47 79,31Agriculture 24 450 0,09 826 0,86 73,61Mining 24 0,00 69 0,07 93,07Manufacturing/Industrial 28 258 0,11 26 550 27,50 74,20

Commercial 277 602 1,04 27 715 28,71 83,38Transport 108 0,00 236 0,24 53,72General 12 404 0,05 660 0,68 54,88Redistributors 239 0,00 91 0,09 57,15Own use * * 2 290 2,37 91,65Grand Total 26 637 510 100,00 96 537 100,00 73,44

Source: Electricity distribution forms (D-Forms) * = Not applicable

Figure 6.4: Municipalities’ average electricity prices (c/kWh) across customer categories in 2011/12 financial year


100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

47.6852.37

57.4263.92

40.1249.10

87.22

77.99

61.22

Aver

age

price

s (c

/k/W

h)

Dom

estic

Agric

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ing

Man

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Com

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120.00

100.00

80.00

60.00

40.00

20.00

0.00

57.1554.8853.72

83.3874.20

93.07

73.6179.31

91.65

Aver

age

price

s (c

/k/W

h)

Dom

estic

Agric

ultu

re

Min

ing

Man

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Com

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40


Table 6.7 and Figure 6.4 above gives a breakdown of municipalities’ average electricity prices in c/kWh across customer categories during the 2011/12 financial year. The municipalities’ average electricity price was 93.07 c/kWh for Mining customers, 91.65 c/kWh for own use, 83.38 c/kWh for Commercial customers, 79.31 c/kWh for Domestic customers, 74.20 c/kWh for Manufacturing/Industrial customers and 73.61 c/kWh for Agriculture customers.

Table 6.8: Private distributors’ average electricity prices (c/kWh) across customer categories in 2011/12 financial year

Customer Category

Number of customers % Split GWh % Split Average price

(c/kWh)

Domestic 1 146 55,98 96 0,70 128,27

Agriculture 8 0,39 3 0,02 80,11

Mining 1 0,05 51 0,37 59,25Manufacturing/Industrial 506 24,72 465 3,43 71,61

Commercial 381 18,61 15 0,11 98,76

Transport - 0,00 - 0,00 0,00

General - 0,00 - 0,00 0,00

Redistributors 5 0,24 0,211 0,00 76,54

Own use * * 12 951 95,36 48,95

Grand Total 2 047 100,00 13 581 100,00 62,61Source: Electricity distribution forms (D-Forms) * = Not applicable

Figure 6.5: Private distributors’ average electricity prices (c/kWh) across customer categories in 2011/12 financial year


Table 6.8 and Figure 6.5 above gives a breakdown of private distributors’ average electricity prices in c/kWh across customer categories during the 2011/12 financial year. The private distributors’ average electricity price was 128.27 c/kWh for Domestic customers, 98.76 c/kWh for Commercial customers, 80.11 c/kWh for Agriculture customers, 76.54 c/kWh for Redistributor customers, 71.61 c/kWh for Manufacturing/Industrial customers and 59.25 c/kWh for Mining customers.

140.00

120.00

100.00

80.00

60.00

40.00

20.00

0

76.54

0.000.00

98.76

71.6159.25

80.11

128.27

48.95

Aver

age

price

s (c

/k/W

h)

Dom

estic

Agric

ultu

re

Min

ing

Man

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Com

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e

NERSA | Electricity Supply Statistics South Africa 2012NERSA | Electricity Supply Statistics South Africa 2012NERSA | Electricity Supply Statistics South Africa 2012

7New Connections

41

42


New connections

7.1 Connections for households

Table 7.1 below shows the number of new connections for households that were made by municipalities and Eskom per province in both urban and rural areas for the 2010/11 and 2011/12 financial years.

Table 7.1: Connections for households by municipalities per province including Eskom figures (Urban and Rural)Municipalities across the following provinces 2010/11 2011/12

Eastern Cape 11 959 50 744

Free State 48 007 9 371

Gauteng 32 870 20 901

KwaZulu-Natal 4 691 28 201

Limpopo 14 578 121 074

Mpumalanga 5 910 7 579

Northern Cape 6 456 7 562

North West 3 843 16 045

Western Cape 56 534 42 920

Eskom figures

Eskom 149 834 42 660

Grand Total 334 682 347 057


Figure 7.1: Connections for households by municipalities per province including Eskom figures (Urban and Rural)


In Table 7.1 and Figure 7.1 above, a total of 334 682 households were connected in 2010/11 compared to 347 057 in 2011/12. Eskom connected 149 834 households in 2010/11 compared to 42 660 in 2011/12. The Western Cape province connected the highest number of households (56 534) compared to the other provinces in 2010/11, while Limpopo connected the highest number of households (121 074) in 2011/12. The provinces with the lowest number of connections were North West (3 843) and KwaZulu-Natal (4 691) in 2010/11, while Northern Cape (7 562) and Mpumalanga (7 579) recorded the lowest numbers in 2011/12. The number of connections decreased significantly for Free State, Gauteng, Western Cape and Eskom between the two financial years. Overall, there was an increase of 12 375 connections between the two financial years.

Num

ber o

f con

nect

ions

160 000

140 000

120 000

100 000

80 000

60 000

40 000

20 000

EC FS GP KZN LIMP MP NC NW WC Eskom

2010/11 11 959 48 007 32 870 4 691 14 578 5 910 6 456 3 843 56 534 149 834 2011/12 50 744 9 371 20 901 28 201 121 074 7 579 7 562 16 045 42 920 42 660

43


7.2 Connections for schools

Table 7.2: Connections for schools by municipalities per province including Eskom figures (Urban and Rural)

Municipalities across the following provinces 2010/11 2011/12

Eastern Cape 8 42

Free State 0 0

Gauteng 39 7

KwaZulu-Natal 7 259

Limpopo 37 5

Mpumalanga 0 12

Northern Cape 8 22

North West 22 7

Western Cape 0 62

Eskom figures

Eskom 676 0

Grand Total 797 416


Figure 7.2: Connections for schools by municipalities per province including Eskom figures (Urban and Rural)


In Table 7.2 and Figure 7.2 above, a total of 797 schools were connected in 2010/11 compared to 416 in 2011/12. Eskom connected a total of 676 schools in 2010/11 and none in 2011/12. All the provinces connected between 7 and 39 schools in 2010/11 except for the Free State, Mpumalanga and Western Cape provinces, who did not connect any schools in 2010/11. KwaZulu-Natal connected the highest number of schools (259) in 2011/12 while Free State did not connect any schools in 2011/12.

7.3 Connections for clinics

As shown in Table 7.3 below, a total of 49 clinics were connected in 2010/2011 compared to 1 252 in 2011/12. Northern Cape connected the highest number of clinics (1 206) in 2011/12 compared to all the other provinces.

Num

ber o

f con

nect

ions

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

EC FS GP KZN LIMP MP NC NW WC Eskom

2010/11 8 0 39 7 37 0 8 22 0 676 2011/12 42 0 7 259 5 12 22 7 62 0

44


Table 7.3: Connections for clinics by municipalities per province including Eskom figures (Urban and Rural) Municipalities across the following provinces 2010/11 2011/12

Eastern Cape 4 14

Free State 0 0

Gauteng 10 0

KwaZulu-Natal 2 8

Limpopo 22 4

Mpumalanga 0 5

Northern Cape 3 1 206

North West 8 8

Western Cape 0 7

Eskom figures

Eskom 0 0

Grand Total 49 1 252


7.4 Connections for hospitals

Table 7.4 below shows that a total of 18 hospitals were connected in 2010/11 compared to 20 in 2011/12. The Eastern Cape province connected the highest number of hospitals (9) in 2011/12 compared to all the other provinces. All the provinces connected at least one hospital in 2011/12, except for the Gauteng province.

Table 7.4: Connections for hospitals by municipalities per province and Eskom figures (Urban and Rural) Municipalities across the following provinces 2010/11 2011/12

Eastern Cape 4 9

Free State 0 1

Gauteng 2 0

KwaZulu-Natal 0 2

Limpopo 5 1

Mpumalanga 0 1

Northern Cape 1 3

North West 6 1

Western Cape 0 2

Eskom figures

Eskom 0 0

Grand Total 18 20


45

NERSA | Electricity Supply Statistics South Africa 2012NERSA | Electricity Supply Statistics South Africa 2012NERSA | Electricity Supply Statistics South Africa 2012NERSA | Electricity Supply Statistics South Africa 2012

8Distribution Licensee Data

45

46


Distribution licensee data

8.1 Distribution sales data

This chapter highlights the number of licensees across provinces that submitted their market-related information from 2006/07 to 2011/12, which was used for the development of this report. The reporting period for this publication is the 2011/12 financial year and this covers all licensed electricity distributors in South Africa. In some cases, the data was trended from 2006/07 to 2011/12.

Table 8.1a: Number of licensees per province and the year of information used

Province Total licensees as at 2011/12

2011/12 submissions

2010/11 submissions

2009/10 submissions

2008/09 submissions

2007/08 submissions

2006/07 submissions

Eastern Cape 28 28 28 28 27 26 26Free State 20 20 20 20 20 17 17Gauteng 12 10 10 10 10 12 12KwaZulu-Natal 30 25 24 25 24 22 21Limpopo 16 16 16 16 16 12 12Mpumalanga 18 15 15 15 14 13 13Northern Cape 24 24 24 24 23 19 18North West 14 14 12 12 10 9 9Western Cape 28 26 26 26 26 26 26Total submission excl. Eskom 190 178 175 176 170 156 154Total licensees excl. Eskom 190 190 190 193 191 188% of municipal and private distributors’ submissions 93,68% 92,11% 92,63% 88,08% 81,68% 81,91%


Total number of licensees: 191

Municipal distributors: 178

Private distributors: 12

Eskom distributor: 1

47


The tables below are based on data submitted by all distribution licensees using the electricity distribution forms (D-Forms) during the 2011/12 financial year.

Table 8.1b: Summary of customers and sales per economic activity by province and entity

Summary Total Domestic Agriculture Mining Manufacturing / Industrial Commercial Transport General Redistributors Own use

Year Licensee name Customers MWh Customers MWh Customers MWh Customers MWh Customers MWh Customers MWh Customers MWh Customers MWh Customers MWh Customers MWh

2012 Eskom 4 848 802 212 107 999 4 710 050 10 327 386 84 095 5 138 858 1 100 32 617 139 2 775 58 631 896 49 484 9 270 115 508 3 270 428 4 86 159 786 92 140 362 * 625 656

2012 Municipalities

2012 EC 673 010 15 942 753 633 011 11 274 847 2 257 56 089 2 1 317 1 952 2 386 258 35 062 1 594 355 - - 726 322 794 - - * 307 094

2012 FS 490 160 3 753 872 466 843 1 708 018 1 152 15 837 - - 1 817 585 781 17 948 1 236 388 - - 2 400 15 899 - - * 191 949

2012 GP 1 639 607 34 348 169 1 559 365 10 471 676 9 673 200 354 16 44 990 10 199 11 800 466 57 601 11 244 801 - - 2 749 22 125 4 74 908 * 488 849

2012 KZN 915 114 16 102 344 843 680 4 646 220 96 9 934 4 3 141 2 803 7 201 513 65 264 3 487 708 3 173 987 3 264 143 197 - - * 436 644

2012 LIMP 180 701 2 612 654 160 396 1 308 978 5 289 175 169 - - 3 722 618 618 11 113 416 429 2 267 179 25 393 - - * 67 800

2012 MP 305 426 2 851 607 293 109 1 187 675 353 22 759 1 14 842 996 500 737 10 518 976 290 83 56 948 366 16 793 - - * 75 563

2012 NC 144 699 1 061 979 135 011 522 863 191 4 345 1 5 000 989 210 215 7 956 220 619 17 4 271 534 31 241 - - * 63 425

2012 NW 222 677 4 268 590 198 591 1 218 326 2 316 52 590 - - 2 066 549 643 17 780 2 225 115 - - 1 952 76 144 - - * 146 772

2012 WC 983 017 15 595 621 921 319 5 761 584 3 123 289 022 - - 3 742 2 696 940 54 361 6 312 930 3 662 234 6 431 235 15 654 * 512 398

Private distributors

2012 Private 2 047 13 580 990 1 146 95 592 8 3 105 1 50 753 506 465 348 381 15 194 - - - - 5 211 * 12 950 787

Total 5 556 458 306 630 957 9 922 521 42 761 581 108 553 5 968 062 1 125 32 737 182 31 567 82 950 475 327 468 30 687 014 616 3 506 563 12 408 746 176 1 030 92 231 135 * 15 866 937

* = Not applicable

48


Table 8.2a: Eastern Cape customers and sales per economic activity by licensee

Eastern Cape Total Domestic Agriculture Mining Manufacturing / Industrial Commercial Transport General Redistributors Own use


2012 Nelson Mandela 315 356 3 501 516 302 110 1 022 359 - - - - 298 1 657 966 12 941 477 686 - - 7 283 613 - - * 59 892

2012 Camdeboo 7 338 100 540 6 470 27 105 104 24 455 - - 16 8 254 748 36 521 - - - - - - * 4 205

2012 Blue Crane Route 11 221 62 306 10 274 17 071 572 25 725 - - 21 7 811 354 6 137 - - - - - - * 5 562

2012 Ikwezi 1 666 13 052 1 610 3 337 - - - - - - 56 763 - - - - - - * 8 952

2012 Makana 14 763 193 247 13 340 41 853 - - - - 80 46 759 1 165 83 312 - - 178 13 294 - - * 8 029

2012 Ndlambe 12 116 171 936 11 231 48 996 - - - - 58 98 521 724 14 458 - - 103 5 239 - - * 4 722

2012 Sunday's River Valley 1 547 18 749 1 402 12 711 - - - - - - 145 5 789 - - - - - - * 249

2012 Baviaans 3 452 8 592 810 3 330 8 506 275 - - - - - - 122 85 922 - - - - - - * 613

2012 Kouga 21 522 181 525 20 394 72 975 - - - - 3 19 160 1 125 78 960 - - - - - - * 10 430

2012 Kou-Kamma 2 894 3 606 2 894 2 376 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * 1 230

2012 Great Kei 3 403 6 566 3 385 5 143 - - - - - - 18 404 - - - - - - * 1 019

2012 Amahlathi 2 496 26 835 2 218 11 544 4 979 - - 34 10 509 240 3 453 - - - - - - * 350

2012 Buffalo City 148 139 2 271 978 136 612 1 160 455 - - - - 930 473 362 10 597 464 272 - - - - - - * 173 889

2012 Nkonkobe 11 819 51 300 11 472 29 379 - - - - - - 242 11 552 - - 105 8 810 - - * 1 559

2012 Nxuba 11 003 29 825 10 869 25 206 - - - - - - 134 4 337 - - - - - - * 282

2012 Inxuba Yethemba 10 039 65 634 8 581 28 363 - - - - 85 345 1 228 27 465 - - 145 2 484 - - * 6 977

2012 Tsolwana 2 554 12 802 2 419 9 084 - - - - - - - - - - 135 1 156 - - * 2 562

2012 Inkwanca 6 806 9 540 6 730 7 064 - - - - - - 76 1 752 - - - - - - * 724

2012 Lukhanji 25 645 180 934 24 399 56 066 82 1 823 - - 389 61 025 775 57 852 - - - - - - * 4 168

2012 Emalahleni 3 298 8 695 3 259 5 739 - - - - - - 39 1 448 - - - - - - * 1 508

2012 Sakhisizwe 963 9 549 827 3 638 - - - - - - 136 4 682 - - - - - - * 1 229

2012 Elundini 4 209 15 395 4 054 9 939 - - - - - - 155 4 611 - - - - - - * 845

2012 Senqu 1 773 20 041 1 475 6 557 - - - - - - 298 13 133 - - - - - - * 351

49


Eastern Cape Total Domestic Agriculture Mining Manufacturing / Industrial Commercial Transport General Redistributors Own use

2012 Maletswai 9 939 55 649 8 200 49 517 1 445 1 725 2 1 317 34 421 258 2 003 - - - - - - * 666

2012 Gariep 3 948 25 036 3 677 15 452 50 1 382 - - 4 2 125 198 3 245 - - 19 1 446 - - * 1 386

2012 Mbizana 1 977 19 395 1 763 4 739 - - - - - - 214 13 411 - - - - - - * 1 245

2012 King Sabata Dalindyebo 29 187 237 619 26 528 80 090 - - - - - - 2 659 153 939 - - - - - - * 3 590

2012 Matatiele 3 937 56 674 3 488 11 814 - - - - - - 415 37 248 - - 34 6 752 - - * 860

Total 673 010 15 942 753 633 011 11 274 847 2 257 56 089 2 1 317 1 952 2 386 258 35 062 1 594 355 - - 726 322 794 - - * 307 094

* = Not applicable

Table 8.2b: Submission rate and energy losses

Financial year Submissions received MWh total purchases MWh total sales Average Energy Losses

2006/2007 26 10 074 270 8 785 302 13%

2007/2008 26 12 018 751 10 168 098 15%

2008/2009 27 14 296 776 11 396 565 20%

2009/2010 28 16 331 209 13 962 644 15%

2010/2011 28 17 412 943 15 202 516 13%

2011/2012 28 18 103 665 15 942 753 12%

50


Table 8.3a: Free State customers and sales per economic activity by licensee

Free State Total Domestic Agriculture Mining Manufacturing / Industrial Commercial Transport General Redistributors Own use


2012 Letsemeng 5 870 20 498 5 575 12 011 - - - - 20 1 628 275 3 280 - - - - - - * 3 579

2012 CENTLEC - Kopanong 7 443 39 186 7 101 34 642 - - - - - - 342 4 092 - - - - - - * 452

2012 CENTLEC - Mangaung 196 516 1 506 290 193 048 618 748 - - - - - - 3 468 782 316 - - - - - - * 105 226

2012 CENTLEC - Mohokare 2 711 26 598 2 550 11 134 - - - - - - 161 13 313 - - - - - - * 2 151

2012 CENTLEC - Naledi 2 902 13 655 2 780 7 805 - - - - - - 122 3 698 - - - - - - * 2 152

2012 Mantsopa 1 883 46 080 1 446 22 000 - - - - 37 6 500 400 16 880 - - - - - - * 700

2012 Masilonyana 3 068 51 330 2 574 22 251 - - - - 24 7 542 426 14 500 - - 44 6 479 - - * 558

2012 Tokologo 2 473 13 291 2 170 7 432 - - - - 45 1 289 155 2 857 - - 103 1 155 - - * 558

2012 Tswelopele 1 277 28 929 884 9 102 - - - - - - 293 12 233 - - 100 6 594 - - * 1 000

2012 Matjhabeng 35 182 445 195 30 415 179 718 - - - - 749 202 472 4 018 58 457 - - - - - - * 4 548

2012 Nala 11 737 100 425 11 241 41 884 1 275 - - 87 2 259 408 54 442 - - - - - - * 1 565

2012 Setsoto 10 257 70 924 9 838 58 049 - - - - 7 5 354 412 5 065 - - - - - - * 2 456

2012 Dihlabeng 8 675 226 943 8 415 39 701 - - - - 25 79 526 235 95 622 - - - - - - * 12 094

2012 Nketoana 6 311 33 105 4 654 25 656 1 058 978 - - - - 599 6 061 - - - - - - * 410

2012 Maluti a Phofung 80 336 505 692 78 890 278 233 - - - - 425 158 934 1 021 66 583 - - - - - - * 1 942

2012 Phumelela 8 921 11 201 8 068 6 315 - - - - - - 853 4 203 - - - - - - * 683

2012 Moqhaka 24 536 221 044 22 765 87 696 67 13 682 - - 105 82 032 1 599 25 000 - - - - - - * 12 634

2012 Ngwathe 39 607 164 831 35 457 107 847 26 902 - - 189 4 281 1 782 27 262 - - 2 153 1 671 - - * 22 868

2012 Metsimaholo 31 539 175 599 30 352 114 316 - - - - 82 14 520 1 105 35 040 - - - - - - * 11 723

2012 Mafube 8 916 53 056 8 620 23 478 - - - - 22 19 444 274 5 484 - - - - - - * 4 650

Total 490 160 3 753 872 466 843 1 708 018 1 152 15 837 - - 1 817 585 781 17 948 1 236 388 - - 2 400 15 899 - - * 191 949

* = Not applicable

51




2006/2007 17 4 228 461 3 493 117 17%

2007/2008 17 4 183 565 3 606 217 14%

2008/2009 20 4 386 639 3 858 112 12%

2009/2010 20 4 531 424 3 819 358 16%

2010/2011 20 3 724 866 3 176 976 15%

2011/2012 20 4 360 595 3 753 872 14%

Table 8.4a: Gauteng customers and sales per economic activity by licensee

Gauteng Total Domestic Agriculture Mining Manufacturing / Industrial Commercial Transport General Redistributors Own use


2012 City Power 450 112 10 794 484 435 226 2 912 529 29 4 027 - - - - 14 857 7 711 925 - - - - - - * 166 003

2012 Ekurhuleni Metropolitan 377 518 10 441 185 351 932 2 864 185 - - - - 5 928 5 672 425 19 658 1 755 610 - - - - - - * 148 965

2012 City of Tshwane Metropolitan 594 835 9 307 820 573 939 3 625 975 7 491 175 880 16 44 990 1 712 4 201 050 11 677 1 156 975 - - - - - - * 102 950

2012 Mogale City 29 184 699 451 24 376 264 801 - - - - 723 44 362 1 946 375 472 - - 2 139 12 100 - - * 2 716

2012 Randfontein 52 024 372 531 50 046 178 537 - - - - 101 104 209 1 591 64 619 - - 286 4 557 - - * 20 609

2012 Westonaria 10 168 85 198 9 832 59 693 - - - - 24 12 930 312 10 312 - - - - - - * 2 263

2012 Emfuleni 65 012 1 912 621 58 874 325 013 922 8 687 - - 1 154 1 436 781 4 058 40 179 - - - - 4 74 908 * 27 053

2012 Midvaal 11 819 203 755 9 720 61 589 1 218 7 085 - - 179 112 890 702 18 837 - - - - - - * 3 354

2012 Lesedi 26 327 341 282 23 953 69 495 13 4 675 - - 186 169 677 1 851 84 682 - - 324 5 468 - - * 7 285

2012 Merafong City 22 608 189 842 21 467 109 859 - - - - 192 46 142 949 26 190 - - - - - - * 7 651

Total 1 639 607 34 348 169 1 559 365 10 471 676 9 673 200 354 16 44 990 10 199 11 800 466 57 601 11 244 801 - - 2 749 22 125 4 74 908 * 488 849

* = Not applicable

52




2006/2007 12 29 542 430 26 131 254 12%

2007/2008 12 41 862 823 37 595 648 10%

2008/2009 10 35 503 889 31 126 950 12%

2009/2010 10 41 798 327 33 773 243 19%

2010/2011 10 40 371 655 35 756 403 11%

2011/2012 10 39 804 273 34 348 169 14%

Table 8.5a: KwaZulu-Natal customers and sales per economic activity by licensee

KwaZulu-Natal Total Domestic Agriculture Mining Manufacturing / Industrial Commercial Transport General Redistributors Own use


2012 eThekwini Metropolitan 614 731 10 739 715 570 039 3 263 474 - - - - 819 4 666 663 43 873 2 723 356 - - - - - - * 86 222

2012 uMkhanyakude 2 056 8 365 1 674 4 513 - - - - - - 382 2 200 - - - - - - * 1 652

2012 UMuziwabantu 3 184 26 617 3 042 10 637 - - - - 27 4 235 115 5 530 - - - - - - * 6 215

2012 Hibiscus Coast 4 043 89 760 2 503 16 894 - - - - 456 46 254 1 084 24 827 - - - - - - * 1 785

2012 UMngeni 12 174 45 675 11 781 38 767 - - - - - - 393 3 456 - - - - - - * 3 452

2012 Mooi Mpofana 3 277 42 424 3 155 8 507 - - - - 15 31 938 107 1 672 - - - - - - * 307

2012 Msunduzi 76 713 1 514 431 66 991 402 095 - - - - 729 705 005 8 993 126 831 - - - - - - * 280 500

2012 Emnambithi-Ladysmith 18 140 232 436 16 998 83 438 - - - - 82 116 536 1 060 26 043 - - - - - - * 6 419

2012 Umtshezi 13 637 200 531 12 531 35 760 - - - - 48 144 932 1 058 16 244 - - - - - - * 3 595

2012 Endumeni 10 352 71 627 9 773 37 441 32 608 2 740 6 1 641 539 29 220 - - - - - - * 1 977

2012 Nquthu 2 052 19 230 1 485 6 412 1 458 - - 20 8 657 546 3 458 - - - - - - * 245

2012 Umvoti 2 955 50 481 2 493 18 854 - - - - 20 11 028 429 8 918 - - 13 9 752 - - * 1 929

2012 Newcastle 15 310 688 351 13 104 117 141 - - - - 76 495 224 2 130 63 440 - - - - - - * 12 546

53


KwaZulu-Natal Total Domestic Agriculture Mining Manufacturing / Industrial Commercial Transport General Redistributors Own use

2012 Utrecht /Emadlangeni 1 156 14 347 1 133 5 626 - - - - 11 5 289 12 2 564 - - - - - - * 868

2012 eDumbe 2 827 26 048 2 688 19 567 - - - - 7 2 236 132 3 245 - - - - - - * 1 000

2012 UPhongolo 1 003 24 833 678 5 471 - - - - - - 320 17 366 - - 5 312 - - * 1 684

2012 Abaqulusi 18 904 144 589 17 647 82 509 20 982 2 2 401 30 2 484 1 119 49 518 - - 86 5 454 - - * 1 241

2012 Ulundi 24 158 45 603 24 050 20 032 - - - - - - 108 24 916 - - - - - - * 655

2012 uMhlathuze 34 349 1 367 679 30 757 195 526 - - - - 68 824 756 627 121 730 3 173 987 2 894 42 717 - - * 8 963

2012 Umlalazi 3 608 48 529 3 153 16 746 18 1 534 - - 51 1 997 277 25 143 - - 109 2 755 - - * 354

2012 Mthonjaneni 1 665 15 763 1 413 6 269 - - - - 18 5 347 234 3 949 - - - - - - * 198

2012 Nkandla 1 070 9 925 972 1 086 - - - - 1 1 023 97 7 428 - - - - - - * 388

2012 Mandeni 893 11 665 854 7 203 - - - - - - 39 4 050 - - - - - - * 412

2012 KwaDukuza 35 354 507 815 33 934 215 160 - - - - 317 104 115 1 103 176 286 - - - - - - * 12 254

2012 Greater Kokstad 11 503 155 905 10 832 27 092 25 6 352 - - 2 22 153 487 16 318 - - 157 82 207 - - * 1 783

Total 915 114 16 102 344 843 680 4 646 220 96 9 934 4 3 141 2 803 7 201 513 65 264 3 487 708 3 173 987 3 264 143 197 - - * 436 644

* = Not applicable



2006/2007 21 16 677 306 15 247 454 9%

2007/2008 22 16 927 053 15 414 796 9%

2008/2009 24 17 439 732 15 693 886 10%

2009/2010 25 17 573 354 16 308 906 7%

2010/2011 24 17 505 857 16 188 195 8%

2011/2012 25 17 616 057 16 102 344 9%

54


Table 8.6a: Limpopo customers and sales per economic activity by licensee

Limpopo Total Domestic Agriculture Mining Manufacturing / Industrial Commercial Transport General Redistributors Own use


2012 Ephraim Mogale 1 670 31 804 1 337 17 050 4 1 000 - - 81 5 650 220 6 715 - - 28 500 - - * 889

2012 Elias Motsoaledi 12 580 96 824 10 245 24 856 1 586 3 547 - - 186 8 586 458 38 725 - - 105 17 856 - - * 3 254

2012 Greater Letaba 1 193 17 020 1 130 8 135 10 115 - - 7 5 000 45 3 500 1 50 - - - - * 220

2012 Greater Tzaneen 8 887 358 150 5 723 54 685 1 839 105 374 - - 48 60 560 1 277 135 331 - - - - - - * 2 200

2012 Ba-Phalaborwa 4 240 45 679 3 660 22 245 - - - - 80 11 851 500 10 205 - - - - - - * 1 378

2012 Musina 7 540 78 834 7 203 38 936 1 482 - - 8 3 046 328 31 109 - - - - - - * 5 261

2012 Makhado 16 481 236 498 12 792 62 155 345 41 587 - - 2 195 84 110 1 122 32 913 - - 27 5 273 - - * 10 460

2012 Blouberg 12 613 114 784 12 585 105 918 - - - - - - 28 3 245 - - - - - - * 5 621

2012 Molemole 1 047 4 592 977 3 417 - - - - - - 70 340 - - - - - - * 835

2012 Polokwane 53 927 1 074 929 50 141 657 724 - - - - 506 345 860 3 280 49 862 - - - - - - * 21 483

2012 Thabazimbi 4 691 47 230 4 250 25 600 18 173 - - 32 3 458 383 15 022 1 217 7 112 - - * 2 648

2012 Lephalale 10 492 93 234 9 623 47 181 - - - - 231 29 692 626 13 142 - - 12 1 652 - - * 1 567

2012 Mookgopong 7 223 58 954 6 500 27 586 110 4 967 - - 53 14 238 560 8 677 - - - - - - * 3 486

2012 Modimolle 16 927 89 724 16 040 76 000 - - - - 49 4 000 838 9 256 - - - - - - * 468

2012 Bela-Bela 10 524 102 170 10 070 91 678 - - - - - - 454 5 931 - - - - - - * 4 561

2012 Mogalakwena 10 666 162 228 8 120 45 812 1 376 17 924 - - 246 42 567 924 52 456 - - - - - - * 3 469

Total 180 701 2 612 654 160 396 1 308 978 5 289 175 169 - - 3 722 618 618 11 113 416 429 2 267 179 25 393 - - * 67 800

* = Not applicable



2006/2007 12 1 684 197 1 445 056 14%2007/2008 12 1 943 428 1 565 565 19%2008/2009 16 2 170 205 1 797 417 17%2009/2010 16 2 298 551 1 944 374 15%2010/2011 16 2 409 757 2 026 988 16%2011/2012 16 3 032 882 2 612 654 14%

55


Table 8.7a: Mpumalanga customers and sales per economic activity by licensee

Mpumalanga Total Domestic Agriculture Mining Manufacturing / Industrial Commercial Transport General Redistributors Own use


2012 Albert Luthuli 5 686 33 000 5 670 28 000 - - - - 3 1 000 13 3 000 - - - - - - * 1 000

2012 Msukaligwa 23 725 105 688 21 830 57 315 - - - - 350 29 529 1 545 14 204 - - - - - - * 4 640

2012 Mkhondo 18 763 93 478 18 733 63 986 - - - - 5 17 000 25 8 500 - - - - - - * 3 992

2012 Pixley ka Seme 7 009 40 067 6 609 19 180 22 1 325 - - 2 1 524 373 12 107 3 2 424 - - - - * 3 507

2012 Lekwa 17 372 236 551 15 976 16 635 15 11 582 - - 125 98 788 1 200 96 073 - - 56 12 490 - - * 983

2012 Dipaleseng 4 916 61 417 4 733 38 279 2 700 - - 4 13 925 177 6 150 - - - - - - * 2 363

2012 Govan Mbeki 49 176 302 786 46 618 182 795 111 1 389 - - 261 18 391 1 876 85 385 - - 310 4 303 - - * 10 523

2012 Delmas - Victor Khanye 8 062 82 906 7 789 24 554 - - - - 27 4 550 246 49 774 - - - - - - * 4 028

2012 Emalahleni 74 651 653 868 73 905 247 070 200 7 568 1 14 842 120 294 516 345 32 798 80 54 524 - - - - * 2 550

2012 Steve Tshwete 39 199 387 032 36 834 213 890 - - - - - - 2 365 151 068 - - - - - - * 22 074

2012 Emakhazeni 7 152 42 052 6 875 20 801 - - - - 27 3 002 250 15 909 - - - - - - * 2 340

2012 Thaba Chweu 14 029 95 912 13 693 57 848 - - - - 24 1 785 312 30 466 - - - - - - * 5 813

2012 Mbombela 18 775 589 887 17 118 149 227 - - - - - - 1 657 431 914 - - - - - - * 8 746

2012 Umjindi 14 137 80 290 14 064 43 585 3 195 - - 48 16 727 22 17 780 - - - - - - * 2 003

2012 Nkomazi 2 774 46 673 2 662 24 510 - - - - - - 112 21 162 - - - - - - * 1 001

Total 305 426 2 851 607 293 109 1 187 675 353 22 759 1 14 842 996 500 737 10 518 976 290 83 56 948 366 16 793 - - * 75 563

* = Not applicable



2006/2007 13 2 514 337 1 994 791 21%

2007/2008 13 2 646 799 2 056 483 22%

2008/2009 14 3 108 409 2 404 876 23%

2009/2010 15 3 453 372 2 665 408 23%

2010/2011 15 3 337 268 2 463 801 26%

2011/2012 15 3 827 421 2 851 607 25%

56


Table 8.8a: Northern Cape customers and sales per economic activity by licensee

Northern Cape Total Domestic Agriculture Mining Manufacturing / Industrial Commercial Transport General Redistributors Own use


2012 Ga-Segonyana 8 034 58 344 7 555 28 918 - - - - 93 13 855 355 10 508 - - 31 992 - - * 4 071

2012 Phokwane 3 530 28 234 3 232 9 725 - - - - 2 7 932 276 5 581 - - 20 364 - - * 4 632

2012 Gamagara 7 682 64 217 7 493 48 282 30 770 - - 45 5 179 114 8 548 - - - - - - * 1 438

2012 Richtersveld 2 074 9 296 1 951 5 741 - - - - 26 3 163 97 154 - - - - - - * 238

2012 Nama Khoi 5 366 41 599 4 354 16 121 3 265 - - 3 4 191 1 006 19 863 - - - - - - * 1 159

2012 Kamiesberg 1 702 9 271 1 641 1 917 32 147 1 5 000 - - 28 560 - - - - - - * 1 647

2012 Hantam 1 073 15 508 1 057 13 316 - - - - - - 16 1 672 - - - - - - * 520

2012 Karoo Hoogland 1 155 8 623 805 2 070 - - - - - - 172 2 362 - - 178 2 567 - - * 1 624

2012 Khâi-Ma 1 006 4 049 956 2 214 - - - - - - 50 1 543 - - - - - - * 292

2012 Ubuntu 2 085 8 713 1 950 5 627 - - - - - - 131 2 379 - - 4 520 - - * 187

2012 Umsobomvu 2 164 18 118 1 908 5 444 - - - - - - 241 6 998 - - 15 2 786 - - * 2 890

2012 Emthanjeni 5 332 42 757 4 861 25 377 - - - - 41 5 576 428 6 773 2 2 322 - - - - * 2 709

2012 Kareeberg 1 068 11 399 902 7 504 - - - - - - 146 2 665 - - 20 598 - - * 632

2012 Renosterberg 1 895 8 382 1 760 4 190 - - - - - - 135 3 957 - - - - - - * 235

2012 Thembelihle 1 582 9 365 1 476 5 600 - - - - - - 76 2 951 - - 30 579 - - * 235

2012 Siyathemba 2 571 13 573 2 315 4 362 - - - - 128 4 444 128 4 518 - - - - - - * 249

2012 Siyancuma 4 669 17 156 4 590 11 271 - - - - - - 79 4 626 - - - - - - * 1 259

2012 Kai! Garib 6 119 55 241 5 681 22 118 - - - - 134 9 726 289 6 406 - - 15 7 763 - - * 9 228

2012 Khara Hais 18 499 166 657 17 308 65 033 126 3 163 - - 40 11 736 863 56 453 15 1 949 147 12 017 - - * 16 306

2012 Tsantsabane 4 569 26 818 4 451 23 383 - - - - 40 2 251 78 402 - - - - - - * 782

2012 Kgatelopele 3 443 11 945 3 389 8 631 - - - - 8 1 857 46 1 023 - - - - - - * 434

2012 Sol Plaatjie 55 792 407 070 52 515 196 811 - - - - 387 138 218 2 890 64 416 - - - - - - * 7 625

2012 Dikgatlong 1 499 10 091 1 205 4 605 - - - - 24 1 669 199 2 731 - - 71 163 - - * 923

2012 Magareng 1 790 15 553 1 656 4 603 - - - - 18 418 113 3 530 - - 3 2 892 - - * 4 110

Total 144 699 1 061 979 135 011 522 863 191 4 345 1 5 000 989 210 215 7 956 220 619 17 4 271 534 31 241 - - * 63 425

* = Not applicable

57




2006/2007 18 1 032 505 943 204 9%

2007/2008 19 1 053 312 946 935 10%

2008/2009 23 1 235 722 1 073 322 13%

2009/2010 24 1 260 065 1 034 424 18%

2010/2011 24 1 290 083 1 051 385 19%

2011/2012 24 1 306 534 1 061 979 19%

Table 8.9a: North West customers and sales per economic activity by licensee

North West Total Domestic Agriculture Mining Manufacturing / Industrial Commercial Transport General Redistributors Own use


2012 Madibeng 27 624 416 013 26 031 125 664 9 966 - - 446 260 928 1 031 17 801 - - 107 2 358 - - * 8 296

2012 Rustenburg 55 296 855 961 50 448 282 788 1 352 34 124 - - - - 3 411 494 524 - - 85 34 452 - - * 10 073

2012 Kgetleng Rivier 1 571 518 1 343 269 32 68 - - - - 146 135 - - 50 25 - - * 21

2012 Tswaing 7 441 166 170 6 986 85 800 - - - - - - 455 58 970 - - - - - - * 21 400

2012 Ditsobotla 7 136 137 500 6 566 49 000 - - - - 80 65 300 490 2 200 - - - - - - * 21 000

2012 Ramotshere Moiloa 11 053 46 067 7 353 26 547 - - - - - - 2 500 14 520 - - 1 200 2 619 - - * 2 381

2012 Naledi 6 361 116 418 4 869 31 000 - - - - 108 30 000 1 384 52 000 - - - - - - * 3 418

2012 Mamusa 1 106 4 132 1 106 3 652 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * 480

2012 Greater Taung 383 5 562 353 3 658 - - - - - - 30 1 476 - - - - - - * 428

2012 Lekwa-Teemane 2 492 57 631 1 970 10 318 - - - - 28 14 794 280 7 232 - - 242 24 244 - - * 1 043

2012 Ventersdorp 7 829 48 054 6 945 17 000 175 3 022 - - - - 508 14 247 - - 201 7 321 - - * 6 464

2012 Tlokwe 43 531 1 927 452 38 246 315 156 748 14 410 - - 343 124 247 4 127 1 462 576 - - 67 5 125 - - * 5 938

2012 City of Matlosana 48 183 407 177 44 518 238 175 - - - - 936 15 922 2 729 87 560 - - - - - - * 65 520

2012 Maquassi Hills 2 671 79 935 1 857 29 299 - - - - 125 38 452 689 11 874 - - - - - - * 310

Total 222 677 4 268 590 198 591 1 218 326 2 316 52 590 - - 2 066 549 643 17 780 2 225 115 - - 1 952 76 144 - - * 146 772

* = Not applicable

58




2006/2007 9 4 289 046 3 693 267 14%

2007/2008 9 4 320 296 3 735 692 14%

2008/2009 10 4 270 786 3 701 168 13%

2009/2010 12 4 703 475 4 077 311 13%

2010/2011 12 5 047 189 4 346 589 14%

2011/2012 14 4 951 013 4 268 590 14%

Table 8.10a: Western Cape customers and sales per economic activity by licensee

Western Cape Total Domestic Agriculture Mining Manufacturing / Industrial Commercial Transport General Redistributors Own use


2012 Beaufort West 10 841 57 498 10 310 24 214 - - - - 281 19 724 216 7 873 2 642 32 1 921 - - * 3 124

2012 Bergrivier 7 891 47 544 7 529 33 096 - - - - 44 4 058 318 7 831 - - - - - - * 2 559

2012 Bitou 9 712 91 483 9 114 43 708 - - - - - - 598 44 066 - - - - - - * 3 709

2012 Breede River/Winelands 10 138 252 462 8 282 41 404 1 280 140 107 - - 12 43 159 564 16 771 - - - - - - * 11 021

2012 Breede Valley 23 697 364 350 22 338 104 637 - - - - 456 85 159 903 160 533 - - - - - - * 14 021

2012 Cape Agulhas 8 335 64 640 7 810 31 531 - - - - 37 19 470 418 8 662 - - 70 1 190 - - * 3 787

2012 Cederberg 7 735 67 465 7 147 23 940 29 401 - - 42 14 373 461 24 535 - - 56 1 342 - - * 2 874

2012Central Karoo District Municipality

390 4 492 307 2 748 - - - - - - 83 1 380 - - - - - - * 364

2012City of Cape Town Metropolitan

599 185 11 387 579 564 134 4 189 116 - - - - 654 1 324 164 34 397 5 496 590 - - - - - - * 377 709

2012 Drakenstein 43 202 731 469 38 985 201 374 1 266 129 216 - - 702 341 536 2 249 35 513 - - - - - - * 23 830

2012 George 38 576 412 709 35 307 176 237 51 2 418 - - 298 184 237 2 920 36 871 - - - - - - * 12 946

2012 Hessequa 18 116 91 632 16 984 43 727 70 2 644 - - - - 824 25 007 - - 3 387 235 15 654 * 4 213

59


Western Cape Total Domestic Agriculture Mining Manufacturing / Industrial Commercial Transport General Redistributors Own use


2012 Kannaland 3 945 27 855 3 716 10 100 - - - - 21 13 162 208 3 853 - - - - - - * 740

2012 Knysna 18 227 172 847 17 230 88 239 - - - - - - 985 71 438 - - 12 114 - - * 13 056

2012 Laingsburg 924 8 359 869 3 943 - - - - - - 34 3 305 1 20 20 649 - - * 442

2012 Matzikama 9 588 86 339 8 985 43 334 - - - - 120 27 506 483 12 536 - - - - - - * 2 963

2012 Mossel Bay 30 767 263 800 28 591 118 647 9 496 - - 183 116 280 1 984 23 928 - - - - - - * 4 449

2012 Oudtshoorn 16 032 145 679 15 406 76 640 156 5 464 - - 8 7 036 462 51 307 - - - - - - * 5 232

2012 Overstrand 25 147 211 928 24 098 108 058 - - - - - - 1 049 99 073 - - - - - - * 4 797

2012 Prince Albert 2 189 8 611 2 136 7 472 - - - - - - 53 965 - - - - - - * 174

2012 Saldanha Bay 22 578 298 004 21 089 87 499 - - - - 214 91 024 1 275 112 444 - - - - - - * 7 037

2012 Stellenbosch 28 824 369 000 26 865 149 000 45 1 000 - - 391 195 000 1 523 19 000 - - - - - - * 5 000

2012 Swartland 22 497 169 590 21 119 62 129 2 24 - - 122 87 108 1 254 17 566 - - - - - - * 2 763

2012 Swellendam 6 312 36 210 5 946 21 222 - - - - 49 7 743 276 5 951 - - 41 828 - - * 466

2012 Theewaterskloof 6 285 58 216 5 791 26 062 - - - - 43 17 680 451 11 474 - - - - - - * 3 000

2012 Witzenberg 11 884 165 860 11 231 43 507 215 7 252 - - 65 98 521 373 14 458 - - - - - - * 2 122

Total 983 017 15 595 621 921 319 5 761 584 3 123 289 022 - - 3 742 2 696 940 54 361 6 312 930 3 662 234 6 431 235 15 654 * 512 398

* = Not applicable



2006/2007 26 14 340 558 12 645 914 12%

2007/2008 26 15 006 512 13 163 869 12%

2008/2009 26 15 592 674 13 480 849 14%

2009/2010 26 16 651 318 14 784 738 11%

2010/2011 26 16 843 421 15 421 660 8%

2011/2012 26 17 318 156 15 595 621 10%

60


Table 8.11a: National Private distributors’ customers and sales per economic activity by licensee across the provinces

Private distributors Total Domestic Agriculture Mining Manufacturing / Industrial Commercial Transport General Redistributors Own use


2012 AECI - Modderfontein 199 71 789 - - - - - - - - 199 7 717 - - - - - - * 64 072

2012 AECI - Somerset West 29 2 956 - - - - - - 28 2 782 1 114 - - - - - - * 60

2012 AECI - Umbongintwini Site 51 109 554 - - - - - - 51 104 204 - - - - - - - - * 5 350

2012 Ithala - Ezakheni 79 39 582 - - - - - - 79 35 432 - - - - - - - - * 4 150

2012 Ithala - Isithebe 221 188 402 - - - - - - 221 188 402 - - - - - - - - * -

2012 Ithala - Madadeni 39 11 168 - - - - - - 39 11 168 - - - - - - - - * -

2012Mpumalanga Economic Growth Agency (MEGA)

206 93 655 - - - - - - 85 90 971 121 1 633 - - - - - - * 1 051

2012 National Parks Board 472 582 432 367 - - - - - - 40 200 - - - - - - * 15

2012 Sasol South Africa (Pty) Ltd 2 12 920 642 - - - - 1 50 753 1 18 748 - - - - - - - - * 12 851 141

2012 Tongaat Hullet Sugar 35 47 305 - - 8 3 105 - - 2 13 641 20 5 530 - - - - 5 211 * 24 818

2012 Vleesbaai (Pty) Ltd 294 1 273 294 1 143 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * 130

2012 West Rand Power Distributors 420 94 082 420 94 082 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - * -

Total 2 047 13 580 990 1 146 95 592 8 3 105 1 50 753 506 465 348 381 15 194 - - - - 5 211 * 12 950 787

* = Not applicable



2006/2007 5 5 681 444 5 490 948 3%

2007/2008 8 6 658 035 6 449 825 3%

2008/2009 10 5 440 846 5 246 567 4%

2009/2010 11 8 327 773 8 008 386 4%

2010/2011 11 2 629 851 2 507 982 5%

2011/2012 12 14 038 180 13 580 990 3%

61


Table 8.12a: National Eskom customers and sales per economic activity by financial year

Eskom Total Domestic Agriculture Mining Manufacturing / Industrial Commercial Transport General Redistributors Own use


2006/2007 Eskom 4 063 999 200 739 348 3 928 622 10 018 699 83 900 4 828 942 1 137 33 043 000 3 043 53 057 068 46 021 8 125 489 511 3 382 430 - - 765 87 980 217 * 303 503

2007/2008 Eskom 4 265 173 202 767 965 4 129 986 10 128 048 83 583 4 892 153 1 140 33 942 000 2 955 53 954 235 46 233 8 327 842 509 3 145 581 - - 767 88 054 750 * 323 356

2008/2009 Eskom 4 358 312 203 607 802 4 221 023 10 392 072 84 329 4 912 519 1 144 33 177 126 2 935 54 815 450 47 603 8 642 142 509 2 918 372 - - 769 88 405 613 * 344 508

2009/2010 Eskom 4 460 104 207 246 546 4 322 733 10 151 656 84 415 5 074 464 1 134 33 353 917 2 925 55 815 528 47 614 8 889 265 510 2 853 667 - - 773 90 711 803 * 396 245

2010/2011 Eskom 4 649 979 211 594 156 4 511 582 10 355 088 84 393 4 918 562 1 110 32 629 701 2 857 59 611 373 48 735 9 020 471 508 2 866 659 10 80 752 784 91 563 561 * 547 989

2011/2012 Eskom 4 848 802 212 107 999 4 710 050 10 327 386 84 095 5 138 858 1 100 32 617 139 2 775 58 631 896 49 484 9 270 115 508 3 270 428 4 86 159 786 92 140 362 * 625 656

* = Not applicable



2006/2007 1 212 927 040 200 739 348 6%

2007/2008 1 212 141 155 202 767 965 4%

2008/2009 1 213 490 172 203 607 802 5%

2009/2010 1 218 663 000 207 246 546 5%

2010/2011 1 224 328 204 211 594 156 6%

2011/2012 1 226 423 938 212 107 999 6%

62


Free basic electricity

8.2 Indigent households and citizens

Due to the high level of unemployment and poverty within municipal areas, there are both households and citizens who are unable to access or pay for basic services, this grouping is referred to as the ‘indigent’. The national framework indicated that the term ‘indigent’ means ‘lacking the necessities of life’.

The framework continues to say that the constitution provides a guide as to what the necessities of life are, namely: 1. sufficient water; 2. basic sanitation; 3. refuse removal; 4. environmental health; 5. basic energy / electricity; 6. health care; 7. housing; and 8. food and clothing.

The indigent households and citizens qualify for Free Basic Electricity (FBE) within municipal boundaries. Municipalities therefore develop and adopt an indigent policy to ensure that the indigent can have access to the package of services included in the Free Basic Services (FBS) programme.

Table 8.13a: Summary of FBE customers and actual sales for 2011/12 period

Municipalities across the following provinces

Number of FBE customers Actual sales (MWh)

Eastern Cape 154 214 1 279 889Free State 175 128 127 928Gauteng 261 853 287 579KwaZulu-Natal 140 315 125 475

Municipalities across the following provinces

Number of FBE customers Actual sales (MWh)

Limpopo 58 244 1 218 098Mpumalanga 102 791 617 606Northern Cape 20 028 144 793North West 148 676 189 404Western Cape 436 546 557 065Eskom figureEskom - 451 200Total 1 497 795 4 999 037


Figure 1: Number of FBE customers per licensee type for 2011/12 period


MetrosMunicipalities Eskom (0%)

55%45%

63


Figure 1 above indicates that municipalities accounted for 55% of FBE customers, while the metropolitan municipalities only accounted for 45% in the 2011/12 financial year. Eskom does not identify and approve indigent customers within its areas of supply. In areas where Eskom is a supplier, FBE units are provided on behalf of municipalities by Eskom. In such areas, the municipality enters into an agreement with Eskom, who then supplies FBE households that are in the Eskom supply areas within the municipal boundaries. Each month, Eskom bills the municipality for the free basic electricity units that are provided to the indigent customers. There are no indigent customers for the private distributors.

Figure 2: FBE Actual sales (MWh) per licensee type for 2011/12 period


Figure 2 above shows the number of units (MWh) consumed by FBE customers per licensee type during the 2011/12 financial year. Municipal FBE customers

consumed 79%, metropolitan FBE customers consumed 12%, while FBE customers that are within Eskom areas of supply consumed 9% of the total energy directed to FBE customers in the country during the 2011/12 financial year.

Figure 3: FBE equitable share (Rand value) per licensee type for 2011/12 period


Figure 3 above shows the total FBE equitable share (rand value) per licensee type for the 2011/12 financial year. The FBE equitable share percentages on the above graph are based on actual numbers as was extracted from the electricity distribution forms (D-Forms) submitted by municipalities in the 2011/12 period. Municipalities accounted for 95% of the FBE equitable share compared to only 5% that was received by the metropolitan municipalities during the 2011/12 period.

MetrosMunicipalities Eskom

79%

12%9%

MetrosMunicipalities Eskom

95%

5%

64


Glossary and Abbreviations

PowerMegawatt (MW) A unit of power (rate of energy consumption). One Megawatt is equal to 1 000 kilowatts or about 1340 horsepower.

EnergyKilowatt hour (kWh) A unit of energy consumption. One kilowatt hour is equal to 3.6 MJ (Megajoules) or 3 412.14 Btu (British thermal units) or 859.855 kcals (kilo calories).Megawatt hour (MWh) A unit of energy consumption. One Megawatt hour is the amount of energy consumed in one hour at a rate of one Megawatt.Gigawatt hour (GWh) A unit of energy consumption. One Gigawatt hour is equal to 1 000 Megawatt hour.Terawatt hour (TWh) A unit of energy consumption. One Terawatt hour is equal to 1 000 Gigawatt hour.DMP Demand Market Participation

VoltageKilovolt (kV) Operating voltage of electrical equipment. One kilovolt is equal to one thousand volts.

Capacity

Mega-volt-ampere (MVA) A unit of electrical capacity. The capacity of a transformer is expressed as the product of its rated operating voltage and the current it can sustain. One Mega-volt-ampere is the capacity of a one kilovolt plant to sustain an electrical current of one kilo ampere.

Electrical abbreviationsDC Direct current.EHV Extra high voltage. Electrical equipment operating at transmission voltage range (above 132 kV).HV High voltage. This term is used for electrical equipment operating in the sub-transmission voltage range (above 33 kV to 132 kV).MV Medium voltage. Electrical equipment operating in the distribution voltage range (above 1 kV to 33 kV).LV Low voltage. Electrical equipment operating in the reduction voltage range (230 volt to 1 kV).SAPP Southern African Power Poll

Generation Capacity and Energy

Licensed Capacity The capacity of the power station that has been licensed by NERSA. This is the nominal capacity of the power station obtainable under continuous operation with all equipment commissioned and in operation.

Nett maximum power The maximum power that could be produced by the power station in the period under consideration. The power is measured after deducting the power supplies for the power station auxiliaries and allowing for the losses in the generation transformers.

Gross energy sent out The energy generated by the power station minus the energy consumed by the power station auxiliaries while the plant is generating.

Nett energy sent out The gross energy sent out by a power station excluding the energy consumed in the generation process. The own use in the generation process includes auxiliary consumption while the plant is not generating (gas turbines) or pumping load (pumped storage).

65


End use classificationConsumer classification End-use and bulk consumers are classified according to the standard industrial classification (SIC) for statistical purposes into 6 categories of consumers.

Performance indicators

Load factor A measure of the utilisation of a generating facility, expressed in the percentage of energy produced by the facility compared with the energy it could have produced if operated continuously at maximum power.

System minutes A measure of the transmission system’s reliability, expressing the energy not supplied due to supply interruptions or generation capacity shortages in terms of the equivalent minutes of peak demand supplied in the period.

Low frequency incidentsA measure of the generation system’s reliability. A low frequency incident is recorded whenever the system frequency drops to below 49.7 Hz (hertz). It measures small instantaneous deviations in the continuous balance between electricity supply and demand caused by factors such as unplanned generation plant separations (trips) from the grid.

Imputation methodsMean imputation This method replaces each missing value with the mean of the observed values for a particular variable.Hot deck imputation This is a method for handling missing data in which each missing value is replaced with an observed response from a “similar” unit.

Cold-deck imputation A method for handling missing data in which each missing value is replaced with an observed response found from a previously conducted similar survey/data collection.

References

1. Key World Energy Statistics from the IEA (International Energy Agency) for 2011 and 2012.2. Annual Report 2011/12 from the Department of Energy (DoE) of South Africa. 3. Annual Reports 2006/07 to 2011/12 from Eskom.4. Census 2011 key results report: Statistics South Africa.5. Electricity Supply Statistics for South Africa, 1999. National Electricity Regulator.6. Electricity Supply Statistics for South Africa, 2000. National Electricity Regulator.7. Electricity Supply Statistics for South Africa, 2001. National Electricity Regulator.8. Electricity Supply Statistics for South Africa, 2002. National Electricity Regulator.9. Electricity Supply Statistics for South Africa, 2003. National Electricity Regulator.10. Electricity Supply Statistics for South Africa, 2004. National Electricity Regulator.11. Electricity Supply Statistics for South Africa, 2005. National Energy Regulator of South Africa.12. Electricity Supply Statistics for South Africa, 2006. National Energy Regulator of South Africa.

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