Electricity Made Easy
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Transcript of Electricity Made Easy
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madeeasyElectricity
2008
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8/8/2019 Electricity Made Easy
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Electricityrunsalmosteveryapplianceinyourhouse.
Withoutit,youwouldnthavethingslikelights,computers,
televisions,orrefrigerators!
Electricityis thefowoenergy,orelectrons romoneatomtoanot
heratom.
Atoms arethebuildingblockso everything aroundus,suchasmetal,ood, abric
evenyou! Theseatomsare toosmalloryouto see withyour eyes, b
utscientistscan
seethemwith special microscopes.
Atomsandcellsaremadeupo even smaller particlesincludingace
ntreor nucleus.
Thenucleuscontains positivelychargedparticlescalled protons, and
uncharged
particlescalled neutrons. Atoms alsoincludenegatively chargedparti
clescalled
electrons, whichspin quicklyaround thenucleusjustlike themoon
around theearth.
Somekindsoatoms, likethose whichmake upmetalorwire, have
electrons that
foweasilyromoneatomtoanotherwhen theyare charged.When
thishappens,
a current orfowoenergy isgenerated, creatingelectricity!
Whatis
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Andre Marie Ampere is the
rst to explainhow thefow o electricity works.
The unit o electric current,the Amp is named
ater him.
Michael Faraday inventsthe rst electric generator.
Thomas Edison invents the
rst light bulb. He also
invents atype o generator
that works with JamesWatts steam engine.
Together theymake it
possible or us to produce
lots o electricitytoday!
Dr William Gilbert proves
many substances are
electric and magnetic,
notjust amber.
Benjamin Franklin fies a kite in
athunderstorm and proves that
the electric sparkromamber is
thesame thing as lightning. The
lightning strike that provesthis
nearly kills him!
James Watt invents the
steam engine. The Watt is
named ater him.
Alessandro Voltadiscoversthatanelectric current
canbe createdwhen twometals touch.Heinventsthe electricbattery and
thewordVolt is namedafterhim.
16thCentury
1769
1820s1879
1752
17921831
TheGreek
wordfor
amberis
electron
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The rst electric light is put on
public display in Australia at the
Observatory in Sydney.
Sydney gets its rst power station. Its built in
Pyrmont, which today looks very dierent!
Melbourneis the rst city inAustraliato have a power stationandtherst to
have electric street lights.
Therearenearly8millionhouseholdswithelectricityinAustralia,and70%haveacomputer.
Tamworth is the rst Australiantown to have street lighting. Penrith,Moss Vale, Broken Hill andRedern
ollow soon ater.
By now, one third o all homes inAustraliahave electricity andthe mostpopular appliance is the clothes iron.
Australiawasveryquicktostartusingelectricity.
Hereshowitwentfrombeinganoveltytosomething
wecantimaginelifewithout!
18631894 1927
1888 1904 Today
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Most families gettheirelectricity from a power station.
At each power station, there is a huge coil o wire that spinsaround in giant magnets.
The coil o wire is made up o hundreds and thousands o atoms, with many more
thousands o electrons. As the wire spins, the giant magnets causethe electrons to
fow quickly rom atom to atom, creating electricity.
Dierent power stations use dierent methods to makethe coil wire spin.
Here are a ew dierent power stations people have built to getthose
electrons fowing.
Wind farms Nuclearpowerstations
Howiselectricitymade?
Hydro-electricpowerstationsGas-turbine power stations
Geothermalpowerstations
Fuels such as petroleum, gas, coalor biomass (e.g. wood, rubbish)
are burnt to heatwater,creating steamwhich moves through a
turbine (like a big an or rotor). The turbine makes the coil o wire
spinand the electrons fow, creating electricity.Flowing water (usually rom a dam) pushesagainst the turbine
blades.This causes a rotor to turn, and the coil o wire to spin,
making the electrons fow.
Fuels are burnedto createhot gases which go through a turbine,
which in turn makes the coil o wire spin andelectronsfow.
Windpushes against theturbine blades, causing arotor
toturn, thecoil o wire to spin, and the electrons to fow.
Nuclear reactions are created to heat water.This turnsinto
steam and then goes into a turbine, which makes thecoil o
wire spin and the electrons fow.
Deep wells are drilled into theground to reach the layer othe earth
where rain water has soaked in andbecome really hot. Steam rom
thehot water gushes out,goingthrough a heat exchanger and thena
turbine, makingthe coil o wire spin and the electrons fow.
. . .
. ..
.
...
Steampowerstations
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Solar energycanalso be used tomakeelectricity.
Solar energycomes from the sun.Therearetwo
types of solarenergy: heat andlight,and there
aretwo ways of collectingsolar energy.
The rst way is to collect or absorb heat rom the sun to heat
fuid, usually water. Thermal collectors are used or this process,
and can be commonly ound on the roo o homes as part o
solar hot water systems.
The second way is to use sunlight to make electricity. Solar
collectors used or this process are called Photovoltaic (PV) cells
(Photo = light, and voltaic = electricity). Whenthe sun hits thePV
cell, the little particles o light excitethe electrons in the cell, and
causethem to fow, generating electricity.
Theelectriceel(Electropho
ruselectricus),
arelativeothepiranha,i
stheworldsmostelectric
fsh.
Measuringupto1.8m(6t)inlength,itlivesin
theriversoBrazilandth
eGuianas,andcanstun
itspreywithanelectricsh
ockoupto650volts
enoughtolightanelect
ricbulb
orstunahumanadult!
Fryingfsh
Solarenergy
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Voltagemeanselectricalpressure.Youcanthinkoitlikethepressurethatpusheswaterthroughagardenhose.Thehigherthevoltage,themoreelectricitythereisfowingthroughapowerline.
traveltO
Whatis
Electricity is created at
the power station
Big transormers reduce the
voltage so that it can travel
down suburban powerlines
It travelsthrough thick
transmission wires to the
substation in your suburb
Electricity travels to
smaller transormers
near your home
The voltage is reduced even
urther or local usage
Electricity nally travels intoyourhousesoyou can useappliances like TVs, toastersand computers
How does electricity
yourhome?
voltage?
. .
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Electricitycanbe dangerous, especiallyif wecomeintocontact with itin ways we
should not.You can prevent gettingan electric shock byfollowing these
simple safety rules:
with electricity
Switch o and unplug
Always make sure you have turned o the power rst beore
unplugging an appliance.
Dont overcrowd
Dont plug too many appliances into the one socket because
it might overheat.
Electricity and water dont mix
Never leave an electrical appliance near the bath, sink or
basin, and never touch appliances, power points or light
switches with wet hands.
Electricity can jump great distances
Never enter into substation sites its very dangerous in there
because electricity can jump or arc easily. And never go
anywhere near a allen powerline. I its live, you only need to
stand near it to get electrocuted.
Electricity always seeks a path to the groundNever fy a model aeroplane or kite near overhead powerlines.
I it hits a powerline, electricity could travel down the string and
through you.
Emergencies
I you see someone get an electric shock, DO NOT touch them.
Youll get shocked too. Instead turn o the electricity at the
switch, unplug the appliance the person is touching,
and call 000.
Livingsafely. .
. . .
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Ithekookaburrasitsononlyonepowerline, it stayssae.Itswhenthe wingsoa large birdorfyingoxaccidentallytouch twopowerlinesatthesametimethatitgetshurt.Thatsbecause anewcircuitoelectricityiscreatedthat canfowthroughthebirdsbody.
Whenplaying outside always remember to:
1 stay clear o overhead powerlines
2 make sure avourite trees,tree branches and cubby houses
are clear o powerlines
3 fy kites or model aeroplanes away rom overhead powerlines
4 ater a big storm or strong winds, check outside play areas
to
make sure there are no allen or damaged powerlines
5 stay out in open spaces and close to the ground i you get
caught in an electrical storm
6 look up beore climbingtrees.
torememberSafety rules
outside.
. . .
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Wheninsideyourhome,rememberto:
1 unplug bathroom and kitchen appliances when not in use
2 check that appliance cords and plugs arent damaged or worn beore
touching them
3 keep electrical appliances well away rom water
4 dry your hands beoretouching appliances, power pointsor light switches
5treat electrical appliances with respect
(so no knives in toasters or example!)
6 keep the number o appliances plugged into a single power point
to a minimum.
toremember
inside
Safety rules. .
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Thinkof howmuchelectricity youusein a day.
From your alarm clock waking you up, to your hot shower beore school,
right through to watching your avourite TV show at night, youre
constantly using electricity.
Now think o everyone in the world using as much electricity
asyou, every day. Thats a lot o electricity!
Thats why its important we save electricity wherever we can.By saving
electricity we can save money on our energy bill. And we canalso
reduce pollution and other environmental problems, all helping to
make a dierence.
How to
electricityuseless. .
http://www.electrickids.com.au/fact_sheets/saving.pdf -
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onlyturn onheatersand air co
nditioners inrooms
beingused
whenusing heaters oraircond
itioners, closeallthe
windowsand doors to preventthecool orwarm air rom
escaping,and closethecurtainswherepossible
turn oyourbedroomlightan
dlightsaroundyourhome
when youdontneed them, especiallyoutdoor lightswhich
can beeasily orgotten
keeptheridgedoor closed.E
nergy iswastedwhencool air
leaksout
help hangoutclothesonthel
ine instead ousingthe
clothesdryer. Sunlightis reeandyou dontwasteenergy
turnyourcomputerowhen y
oufnish usingit.You waste
energyi youleave itrunning all day
turno appliances likeTVs,vid
eos andstereosatthewall
whenyou have fnishedusingit.Standby modestill
usespower
drippingtapswastealotohotwater,so turnoevery tap
ullyateryou fnishusing it
showersuseup to 20litres ow
ater per minute, so take
shortershowers(4 minutes)andhavethetapsturned
onlow
brushingyourteethorwashing
yourhandsdoesnotrequire
hotwater.Usecoldwaterinsteadtohelpsaveenergy.
How can you help?Heres achecklist ofenergysavingchallenges for
you todo around the house.Tick off the box forevery energy saving challengeyoucomplete!
CheckouttheIntegralEnergywebsiteforatotallyinteractiveEnergyCalculator.Youcandraganddropalltheappliancesintoeachroomofyourhouseandworkouthowmuchenergyyourhouseisgenerating.
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Electricityuse ismeasured in kilowatt hours (kWh).
1 kWh equals1,000 watts of electricityused in
one hour.
To measure how much electricity your amily is using, ask an adultto
ndthe meter box and check it is sae. Stand directly in ronto it,
and start reading the dials. Be very careul nottotouch anything!
Read each dial one at a time and write down the matching numbers
rom rightto let as you read them.
When a dial points betweentwo numbers, write down the lower othe two. I it points between 0 and 1, write down 0, but i it
points
between 9 and 0, write down 9.
In the gure onthe right, the reading is 0-2-8-0-8, which is equal to
2,808 kilowatt hours (kWh).
Dothe same thing in one weeks time, and then subtract theold
gure romthe new. This willtell you how much energy youramily
is using every week!
electricitymeterathomeHowtoreadyo
ur
101001000
10,000
0 2 8 0 8
kWh
. .
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AreyouanEnergenius?
Howmuchaboutelectricitydoy
ouremember?
Takeourquiz andndoutiyou
areocially
anEnergenius!
QuizQuestions1. What istheG
reekwordoramber?
2. Who inventedthelightbulb?
3. WhichwastherstAustralian
towntohave
streetlighting?
4. Whatfows romatomtoato
mtocreateelectricity?
5. Whereiselectricitycreated?
6. Whatisvoltage?
7. Whatare thetwo waysocoll
ectingsolarenergy?
8. Whatcarriespowertoourho
mes?
9. Canyoubeelectrocutediyo
uarenot touching
apowerline?
10.Whyissavingenergyagoodi
dea?
Are you an
Answers
1.Electron
2.ThomasEdison
3.Tamworth
4.Electrons
5.Thepowerstation
6.Electricalpressure
7.Heatandlight
8.Powerlines
9.Yes,becauseitcan
jumporarc
10.Becauseitcanhelp
savemoneyand
protecttheplanet
energenius?
.
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4D1672_
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