Electricity 101 Charges Static electricity. 1. Electricity describes all phenomena caused by...
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Transcript of Electricity 101 Charges Static electricity. 1. Electricity describes all phenomena caused by...
Electricity 101Charges
Static electricity
1. Electricity describes all phenomena caused by positive and negative charges
Static Electricity- Transfer of electrons
from one object to another
- The charges are at rest
Dynamic Electricity• Motion of electrons
• Charges are in motion
2. Negatively charged bodies contain more electrons (-) than protons (+)
Positively charged bodies contain more protons (+) than electrons (-)
A neutral object contains the same amount of protons (+) and electrons (-)
3. We can charge objects by… i) Friction
ii) Conductioniii) induction
The basics
• Only electrons move from object to object
I’m Outta HereGoodbye !!
i) By Friction
• One material rips the electrons off another material, after rubbing the two together
To Summarize…
2 Neutral Objects
Get rubbed together (Friction
1 rips the electrons from the other
1 positive object and 1 negative object
Triboelectric series
PlasticGoldCopperWoodCottonWoolGlass
Tendency of gaining
electrons
(Negative)
Triboelectric series
PlasticGoldCopperWoodCottonWoolGlass
Tendency of gaining
electrons
(Negative)
The one higher up on the list gains electrons, therefore is negative
Triboelectric series
PlasticGoldCopperWoodCottonWoolGlass
Tendency of gaining
electrons
(Negative) Gold (-) and Wood (-) will repel
Gold (-) and Cotton (+) would attract
Gold (-) and Wool (+) would attract
Wood (-) and Cotton (+) would attract
Wood (-) and Wool (+) would attract
Cotton (+) and Wool (+) would repel
ii) By Conduction
• One already charged object, « shares » its charge with a neutral object that it has touched
iii) By Induction
• One already charged object, « splits» the charges of a neutral object without touching
To SummarizeStart Action End Charged
objects
Friction2 neutral objects Rubbing
Objects have opposite charges
Based on Triboelectric series
Conduction
1 charged object
1 neutral object
TouchingBoth objects have the same charge
Induction
1 charged object
1 neutral object
Not touching
Charged object still charged
Neutral object has seperated charges
4. Electrical charges of like signs repel, while electrical charges of opposite signs
attract
Neutral objects always attract (induction)
To summarize…
• Objects of similar charge will repel• Objects of opposite charges will attract• A neutral object will always be attracted
to a charged object
A B B C
5. Conductors:substance that allows the free flow of electrical charges
Insulators:substance hat impedes the free flow of electrical charges
Conductors
• Metals• Electrolytic solutions– Acids– Bases– Salts
e-
Insulators
• Wood• Air• Rubber• Plastic• Glass• Silk
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