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Electrical substation
Electrical substation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_substatio
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A 50 Hz electrical substation in Melbourne. This is
showing 3 of the 5 220 kV/66 kV transformers each
with a capacity of 185 MVA.
A 115 kV to 41.6/12.47 kV 5 MVA 60 Hz
substation with circuit switcher, regulators, reclosers
and control building at Warren, Minnesota
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system, where voltage is
transformed from high to low, or the reverse, or many other important functions. Electric power may flow
through several substations between generating plant and consumer, and may be changed in voltage in
several steps.
A substation that has a step-up transformer increases the voltage while decreasing the current, while a
step-down transformer decreases the voltage while increasing the current for domestic and commercial
distribution. The word substation comes from the days before the distribution system became a grid. The
first substations were connected to only one power station where the generators were housed, and were
subsidiaries of that power station.
Contents
1 Elements of a substation
2 Transmission substation
3 Distribution substation4 Collector substation
5 Stations with change of current type
6 Switching substation
7 Design
8 Layout
9 Switching function
10 Automation
11 Railways12 Lists
13 See also
14 References and further reading
Elements of a substation
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events. As the complexity of distribution networks grew, it became economically necessary to automate supervision and control of substations from a centrally-
attended point, to allow overall coordination in case of emegencies and to reduce operating costs. Early efforts to remote control substations used dedicated
communication wires, often run along side power circuits. Power-line carrier, microwave radio, fiber optic cables as well as dedicated wired remote control
circuits have all been applied to Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) for substations. The development of the microprocessor made for an
exponential increase in the number of points that could be economically controlled and monitored. Today, standardized communication protocols such asDNP3, IEC 61850 and Modbus, to list a few, are used to allow multiple intelligent electronic devices to communicate with each other and supervisory control
centers. Distributed automatic control at substations is one element of the so-called smart grid.
Railways
Main article: Traction substation
Electrified railways also use substations, often distribution substations. In some cases a conversion of the current type takes place, commonly with rectifiers for
direct current(DC) trains, or rotary converters for trains using alternating current(AC) other than that of the public grid. Sometimes they are also transmission
substations or collector substations if the railway network also operates its own grid and generators.
Lists
List of EHV-substations in GermanyList of EHV-substations in Austria
List of EHV-substations in Switzerland
See also
Insulator (electrical)
Power stationElectricity pylon
Transformer
Static VAR compensator
Vehicle-to-grid
Power line carrier communication
IEC61850
Static inverter plantTraction substation
Electrical substation Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_substatio
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References and further reading
^ Transformer fire Video (http://www.metacafe.com/watch/39058/transformer_fire_video/)1.
Overview of substation design and layout (http://www.eng.uwi.tt/depts/elec/staff/alvin/ee35t/notes/Substation-Design.html)US Department of Agriculture engineering design manual for rural substations (http://www.usda.gov/rus/electric/pubs/1724e300/1724e300.pdf)
IEEE Green Book - Recommended Practice for Grounding of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems (http://standards.ieee.org/colorbooks/sampler
/greenbook.html)
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_substation"
Categories: Electric power
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