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Transcript of Electrical Safety 29 CFR 1910.332 Safety Training Presentations Institute of Occupational Safety and...
Electrical Safety 29 CFR 1910.332
Safety Training Presentations
Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
FY-11 OSHA Susan Harwood Grant Program
This material was produced under grant number SH22297-SH1 from OSHA. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Objectives: Participants will:
Interpret OSHA’s role and standards regarding electrical safety / hazards
Define the basic fundamentals of electricity Identify and recognize safety hazards Describe protection methods against electrical
hazards Analyze and discuss case studies
Introduction
An average of one worker is electrocuted on the job every day
There are four main types of electrical injuries:• Electrocution (death due to electrical shock)• Electrical shock• Burns• Falls
OSHA Standards Electrical safety-related work practice requirements
for general industry are detailed in Subpart S of 29 CFR
Part 1910, in Sections 1910.331–1910.335. For
construction applications, electrical safety-related
work practice requirements are detailed in
Subpart K of 29 CFR Part 1926.416 to 1926.417.
Electric Basics
Electrical Flow: Conductors – substances, such as metals- little resistance
to electricity Insulators – substances, such as wood, rubber, glass, and
bakelite-high resistance to electricity Current – the movement of electrical charge Resistance – opposition to current flow Voltage – a measure of electrical force Grounding – a conductive connection to the earth which
acts as a protective measure
Electricity Basics
Water and electricity• Pure water is a poor conductor• Impurities can make water an insulator
•Salts•Acid•Solvents
• Working in a damp environment requires preventive measures against electrical hazards
Electric Basics
What causes shocks? Electricity travels in closed circuits,
usually through a conductor Your body can be a conductor which
may mean an electrical shock!
Electrical Shock Current passes through the body Severity of the shock depends
on:• Path of current through the
body• Amount of current flowing
through the body• Length of time the body is in
the circuit Low voltage does not mean low
hazard
Types of Electrical Shock Injuries Electrical burns Thermal contact burns Related hazards:
• Fire• Equipment damage• Fragmented metal • Flammable gases, vapors or combustible dusts• Arc or flash burns
ARC Flash: Live to Tell Video
“Freeze”
Electrical shock may cause the muscles to contract
This “freezing: effect” is dangerous• Increases the length of exposure
If you witness a “freeze”• Shut off the power• Use a non-conductive object to knock the
person free of the contact
Severe Shock
A severe shock requires medical help immediately
Unseen medical issues may be present, such as:• Internal Hemorrhages• Destruction of tissues, nerves
or muscles
Static Electricity
Created when materials rub together Can cause shocks or even minor skin
burns Reduced or prevented by:
• Proper grounding• Rubber matting• Grounding wires, gloves, or shoes
Protection Against Electrical Hazards
Insulation
Guarding
Grounding
Most electrical equipment is designed with a grounding system
Do not use equipment with damaged grounding connectors
Do not use adapters that interrupt the grounding connection
Grounding Fault Circuit Interrupters
GFCIs reduce the likelihood of fatal shocks
Detect small amount of earth current and automatically switch off the power
Used with extension cords and portable tools
Fuses and circuit breakers protect equipment, not people
Circuit Protection
Energize or de-energize with appropriate switches, breakers, etc.
Do not energize or de-energize with fuses, terminal lugs, or cable splice connections
If circuit protection device is tripped—inspect
Protection from Power Lines Maintain a safe distance to the lines High-voltage lines Ground any equipment such as cranes that can
become energized Lines must be de-energized and grounded by the
owner or operator of the lines Guarding or insulating the lines help prevent accidental
contact OSHA E-Tool:
• http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/construction/electrical_incidents/powerlines.html
Protection for Machine Operators
Never tamper with electrical interlocks
Do not repair electrical components of your machine
Properly shut off machinery before working in the point of operation
Obey warning signs and follow safe procedures
Protection Against Energized Metal Parts
A break in an electric tool’s or machine’s insulation can cause its metal parts to become “hot”• Use “double insulated” tools• Equipment grounding conductor such as a three
prong plug
Unexpected Equipment Startup
Proper lockout/tagout procedures protect from dangers of accidental startup of electrical equipment• 29 CFR1926.417, Lockout and Tagging of
Circuits
Lock Out Tag out: Lightning in a Bottle Video
Portable Power Tools Safety
Inspect portable power tools Never use damaged equipment
• Tag it out of service• Have it repaired or replaced
Never use portable power equipment in wet or damp areas
Stop using power tools if they become hot or start sparking
Extension Cords
Inspect and check for capacity
For temporary work only Do not use as a rope
to pull or lift objects Should not be fastened
with staples or hung over hooks
Electrical Cord Inspection
Deformed or mission pins Damaged outer jacket or
insulation Evidence of internal damage If damaged, take out of
service until repaired
Other Electrical Hazards and Protective Measures
Damaged insulation on wires Digging or trenching near buried lines Overloaded/exposed circuits Overheated appliances or tools Flammable materials
Safe Work Practices
De-energize electric equipment before inspection or repair (Lock out Tag out)
keeping electric tools properly maintained, Exercise caution when working near
energized lines Use the correct protective equipment
Guarding of Live Parts
Must guard live parts of electric equipment operating at 50 volts or more against accidental contact by: • Approved cabinets/enclosures, or• Location or permanent partitions making them
accessible only to qualified persons, or• Elevation of 8 ft. or more above the floor or working
surface Mark entrances to guarded locations with conspicuous
warning signs
Training
Qualified workers • How to identify exposed energized parts• How to safeguard or work on energized parts
Unqualified workers• How electricity works• Risks of working with energized equipment• Tasks to be performed only by qualified
workers
OSHA Resources
OSHA has many helpful programs, including assistance about safety and health programs, state plans, workplace consultations, voluntary protection programs, strategic partnerships, training and education, and more
Summary
Electricity will try to reach ground even if it means going through a person
Even the “small” voltage from your home can cause serious injury
Always inspect power tools and cords and do not use them if damaged
Do not attempt to repair electrical equipment unless trained and qualified
OSHA Contact NumbersTo report Unsafe Working Conditions, Safety and Health Violations Contact OSHA @:
1-800-321-OSHA (6742) / TTY1-877-889-5627
To File a Complaint Form:
To file an OSHA-7 report online, see how to file a complaint with OSHA (www.osha.gov)
For more information regarding your rights, see Worker Rights
References OSHA Publication 3075: Controlling Electrical Hazards 29 CFR1926.417, Lockout and Tagging of Circuits OSHA E-Tool:
• http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/construction/electrical_incidents/powerlines.html
LOTO Plus Expert Advisor• http://www.osha-slc.gov/dts/osta/oshasoft/lotoplus.html
Self-Inspection Checklists• http://www.osha-slc.gov/SLTC/smallbusiness/chklist.html#Electrical
Self-Inspection Checklists – Lockout/Tagout Procedures• http://www.osha-slc.gov/SLTC/smallbusiness/chklist.html#Lockout
Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
Thank You
Let’s not meet again . . . by accident!