Electrical Muscle Stimulation and Chronic Heart Failure
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Transcript of Electrical Muscle Stimulation and Chronic Heart Failure
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By Gabriel AusfresserUniversity of Rhode Island
BME 482
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Introduction◦ What is Chronic Heart Failure (CHF)?◦ What is Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS)?
How does EMS relate to CHF? Research Experiment
◦ Hypothesis◦ Methods◦ Results
Conclusions References
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What is Chronic Heart Failure (CHF)?◦ Heart cannot pump sufficient blood and oxygen to
body◦ Results of CHF include
Enlargement of Heart More heart muscle mass Faster heart rate
◦ Symptoms Shortness of Breath Fatigue Weight Gain Ankle Swelling Coughing Exercise Intolerance
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CHF Statistics◦ 5.8 million people in U.S. have heart failure◦ 670,000 people are diagnosed every year in U.S.◦ In 2006, CHF contributed to 282,754 deaths
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What is Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS)?◦ Technique of inducing a muscle contraction◦ Uses an electrical impulse from a device
Impulses mimic action potentials from Central Nervous System
◦ Signals travel down a wire to an electrode Attached to skin in close proximity to muscle that
needs stimulating
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Uses for EMS?◦ Electrotherapy
Prevent atrophy after injury◦ Muscle Strength Training
Targets a specific muscle to train Used by athletes
◦ Weight Loss? Proven that EMS does not burn as many calories as a
full-body workout EMS devices are regulated by the FDA
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Proven that exercise prolongs life of patients with CHF◦ Allows for more activity throughout the day◦ Unfortunately, most patients with CHF have other
conditions Make conventional exercise very difficult Most patients will not have the desire to exercise
EMS can be used to exercise patients with CHF right from their homes◦ This seems more desirable for CHF patients
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Doctors Banerjee, P., Caulfield, B., Crowe, L., and Clark, A. conducted an experiment in 2009◦ Hypothesis:
A home-based EMS training program can effectively improve the health of CHF patients similar to standard exercise programs.
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10 Patients◦ Left ventricular systolic dysfunction with New York
Heart Association Class II-III 18 Week Training Program
◦ 1st 8 weeks EMS training – at least one hour a day for 5 days
10 Electrodes placed on legs via tight shorts 9 Volts, rhythmic pulses at 4 Hz, maximum current 300
mA Stimulation of quadriceps, hamstrings, gluteal, and calf
muscles
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Next two weeks◦ “Washout period”
No training at all, minimal activity Last 8 weeks
◦ “Control period” Returned to habitual activity
After 1st 8 weeks and after the last 8 weeks, a series of physical tests were taken by the patients◦ Peak oxygen consumption, treadmill walking time,
6-minute walking distance, quadriceps strength, and BMI
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Before any training
After EMS training period
After control period
Peak Oxygen Consumption
1.7 L/min 1.8 L/min 1.7 L/min
Treadmill walking time
9 minutes 10.68 minutes 9.38 minutes
6-minute walking distance
415 meters 455 meters 394 meters
Quadriceps strength
377.9 Newtons 404.9 Newtons 363.4 Newtons
BMI 27.9 kg/m^2 27.5 kg/m^2 27.7 kg/m^2
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Based on the results:◦ Treadmill walking time increased◦ Peak O2 levels increased◦ 6-minute walking distance increased◦ Quad strength increased◦ BMI decreased
The results are seen after any type of exercise by anyone
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EMS successfully increased strength of legs, increased endurance, and lowered the BMI of the patients with CHF
These results will keep the patient healthier and prolong the life of the patient with CHF
The patient can get an efficient workout without leaving her/his house.
Patients who have no motivation for exercise will be able to use EMS training with ease
Only in research phase, but EMS is a possible alternative to strenuous exercise in the future
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Banerjee, P., Caulfield, B., Crowe, L., & Clark, A. (2009). Prolonged electrical muscle stimulation exercise improves strength, peak VO2, and exercise capacity in patients with stable chronic heart failure. Journal of Cardiac Failure, 15(4), 319-326. Retrieved from CINAHL database.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electro_Muscular_Stimulation http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?
identifier=337 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_failure http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/library/fs_heart_failure.htm http://www.brownchiro.com/physicaltherapy.htm http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/.../HF_SignsAndSymptoms.html http://www.topnews.in/health/physicians-uncertain-
therapeutic-approaches-heart-failure-patients-21018