Electrical Lecture 1 - Basic of Power Plant

8/13/2019 Electrical Lecture 1 - Basic of Power Plant

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Basics of Power

Generation Plant

Lectures(2nd SEPTEMBER 2010)


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CONTENTS

Contents.

II. Definition

III. Design Philosophy

IV. Design Consideration

V. List of Major Equipment in Power Plant

VI. Types of Power Generation Plant

VII. Brief Detail of Thermal Energy Based Power Plant

.

IX. Brief Detail of Diesel Engine Based Power Plant

X. Brief Detail of Combined Cycle Power Plant

XI. Brief Detail of Cogeneration Power Plant

XII. Balance of Plant System

2Basics of Power Generation Plant

XIII. Electr ical System


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INTRODUCTION



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PURPOSE

Recently we have worked in some industrial and process plant projects

also, where the power plant size is very big- viz- in Dung Quat Refinery-

total ower is a rox. 110MW 4*27MW STG+ 1.6MW EDG and in

Koniambo Nickel Project total power is approx. 360MW (2*131MW

STG+ 2*46MW CTG+ 2*3.5MW EDG).

Purpose of this Lecture is to provide some basic idea and generalized

view of large capacity power generation Plant to all design staffs in our

department and create great interest among them about big size power

generation plant.



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INTRODUCTION



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DESIGN

PHILOSOPHY

III. DESIGN PHILOSOPHY General

.

ii. Classes

i. Without failure

.

Maintenancei. Monitoring

ii. Testing


iii. Upgrading, Modifying, Repair


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DESIGN

PHILOSOPHY

Safet

.

i. Operation

ii. Personal

iii. Environmental



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DESIGN

CONSIDERATION

.

Electrical Load Capacity

Confi uration

Environmental Consideration

Site Selection & Space limitation

Plant Design Life

Voltage Level



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DESIGN

CONSIDERATION

-

expenditure for the working life of the station

es gn mus prov e c eap; re a e an

continuous service

Future Growth



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MAJOR EQUIPMENT

.

E UIPMENT USED INPOWER PLANT



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1. BOILER



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OIL FIRED WATER

BOILER



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COAL FIRED

BOILER

Boiler

.



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2. STEAM TURBINE



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STEAM

TURBINE

Steam Turbine

.

ii. Extract thermal

energy to rotary

motor



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3. GAS TURBINE



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GAS TURBINE

Gas Turbine

i. Rotary engine

ii. Extract energy from flow of

combustion as



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4. HEAT RECOVERY STEAM



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HRSG

Heat Recovery SteamGenerator

i. Energy recovery heat

exchanger

.

turbine



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5. DEAERATOR



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DEAERATOR

Deaerator

i. Removal of air +

dissolved gases

ii. From feedwater to

boiler

.



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6. SURFACE CONDENSER



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SURFACE

CONDENSER

Surface Condenser

i. Heat exchanger

ii. Condense exhaust steam



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7. BOILER FEED WATER



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BOILER FEED WATER

PUMP

Feed Water Pump

.

steam generating

boiler

. res wa er con ense

steam



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8. FEED WATER HEATER



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FEED WATER

HEATER

Feed Water Heater

. -

ii. Improve thermodynamic

efficiency



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TYPE &

CONFIGURATION

VI. TYPES OF POWER

GENERATION PLANT &

. erma eam ur ne

2. Gas Engine- Based

3. Diesel Engine- Based

.

5. Renewable Energy Based


*Type 1, 2 & 3 are the primary intent of this lecture


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THERMAL POWER

PLANT

VII. BRIEF DETAIL of THERMAL

ENERGY BASED POWER



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DESIGN

1. Definition: Fuel type (Coal/Oil/Agricultural

Waste)

2. Steam Conditions: Pressure/ Temperature

.

4. Plant Function & Purpose

5. Steam Power Cycle Economy

.



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FEATURES

1. Steam/ thermal ower station- used heat

energy

. energy

.

4. Cannot be used to cater peak loads

5. Keep running very close to full efficiency for

24 hours



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MODEL FLOW



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PROCESS FLOW

1. STAGE 1: COAL & ASH PLANTi. Entrance and exit of fuel (coal)

ii. Handling treatment & storage of coal

iii. Final handlin & dis osal of ash

2. STAGE 2: STEAM GENERATING PLANT.

ii. Steam creation by heat

. i. Energy conversion stage

ii. Steam turbinecovert steam to rotational mechanical energy

.



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PROCESS FLOW

4. STAGE 5: FEED WATER & COOLINGi. Recycling stage

ii. Steam used in boiler chamber is condensed back to water to re-use


STEAM TURBINE


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STEAM TURBINE



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STG LAYOUT


ADVANDAGES VS


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ADVANDAGES VS

DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

1. Chea coal 1. More La out S ace

2. Can be installed anywhere near

fuel & water supply

2. Air pollution

3. Cost more to run

3. Less construction space

4. Cost for generation less4. Low overall efficiency

5. Very high start-up/ shutdown

5. Used for base power station time


COMBUSTION


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COMBUSTION

POWER PLANT

VIII. BRIEF DETAILof

COMBUSTION ENGINE



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DESIGN

1. Use prime mover to generate electrical

energy

2. Generally used to produce limited amount ofelectrical energy

3. Used as eakin ower stations

4. Applications:i. For large power requirements- space limitation

ii. Peak shaving

iii. Combined cycle or cogeneration power plant- waste

iv. Emergency power- starting time



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ADVANDAGES VS


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ADVANDAGES VS

DISADVANTAGES


1. Sim le desi n & construction 1. Problem with starting- compressor

2. Much smaller at same capacity

3. Lower operation cost

need power to operate

2. Not output low- greater power used

to drive compressor

4. Less water (no condenser)5. Maintenance cost low

3. Overall efficiency low- exhaust gasescontain heat

6. Start quickly

7. No standby losses

.

high- lower life


DIESEL POWER


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DIESEL POWER

PLANT

IX. BRIEF DETAIL of DIESEL

ENGINE BASED POWER


DESIGN


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. g er t erma e c ency

2. Fuel Selection3. Used as emergency power supply source

.

i. Class A- continuous at full nameplate kW rating

ii. Class B- Standby basis for extended period of time

iii. Class C- Emergency basis for short period of t ime



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ENGINE OPERATION

1. Starting system

.

3. Lubrication System & Oil Cooling

4. Primary Cooling System (Engine)5. S eed Control S stem Governor

6. Instrumentation Requirement


ADVANDAGES VS


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DISADVANTAGES


1. Sim le desi n & la out 1. Hi h runnin char es due to

2. Less space & is compact

3. Start-up fast & pick up load in

diesel price

2. Does not work efficiently under

short time

4. Less water for cooling

3. Generates small amount ofpower

5. Better thermal efficiency

6. Overall cheaper cost

4. Lubrication cost very high

5. Maintenance charges high

. o s an y osses


COMBINED CYCLE


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COMBINED CYCLE

X. BRIEF DETAILof

COMBINED CYCLE


DEFINITION


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A combined cycle is characteristic of a power producing

engine or plant that employs more than one

thermodynamic cycle.

Combining two or more cycle such as the Brayton

cycle and Rankine cycle results in improved overall

e c ency.


COMBINE CYCLE


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1. Combination of- GTG (s)+ turbine exhaust waste heat+

STG

2. Maximum efficiency- hot exhausted gas from gasturbine raise steam


DESIGN


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1. Operating Differences:

i. Turndown

ii. Exhaust gas flowsiii.Feedwater temperatures

3. Boiler Design

4. Combined Cycle Controls


PROCESS FLOW


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THERMAL POWER


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PLANT

.

PLANT


DEFINITION


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,

is the use of power station to simultaneously


TYPE


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TYPE

1. Steam Combined Generation

2. Gas Combined Generation

= Gas Turbine + Heat Recovery Steam Generator

3. Steam- Gas Combined Generation

= Gas Turbine + Steam +HRSG


SIMPLE CYCLE


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BOP


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.

Y TEM



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1. COAL PREPARATION &


COAL HANDLING

PLANT


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PLANT

Coal Preparation

i. Prepare coal to make it

usable for furnace and

necessar handlin /storage

ii. Main component:

, ,

Crusher, Screen,Conveyor, etc



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2. LIMESTONE PROCESSING


LIMESTONE

PLANT


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PLANT

Limestone

i. To make coal sulfur free

ii. Reduce Sox

iii. Main Component:

Feeder, Crusher, Sizer,

Conveyor, Rotary

Feeder, Bucket Elevator,

Cyclone, etc



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3. FUEL STORAGE & HANDLING


FUEL STORAGE

& HANDLING


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Handling

. load

ii. Major Component: Storage

an s, n oa ng

Forwarding Pumps



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4. COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEM


COMPRESSOR


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Com ressed Air

System

i. Service Airii. Boiler Soot Blowing

iii. Instrument Air



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5. COOLING TOWER


COOLING

TOWER


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COOLING

PROCESS


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Heat up

of waterSteam pass through

heat exchanger

wind blowconstant

Cooling process by

Water drip down


SYSTEM


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6. Combustion Air Intake & Exhaust System

i. Deliver clean combustion air to engine

ii. Min loss of performance

7. Heating, Ventilation & Air Condition System

.

ii. Major Component: Air Condition, Supply Air Fan, ExhaustFan, Filters, etc

8. Ash Removal & Handling System


THERMAL POWER

PLANT


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XIII. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM


SYSTEM


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2. Generator

3. Circuit Breaker

4. Power Transformer/ Distribution Transformer

5. MV/LV SWG, MCC, Fixed Panel

. ys em

7. Earthing System

8. Raceway System


.

SYSTEM


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System

.



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1. RATING & SYSTEM


RATING &

SYSTEM


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i. Operation Condition

- Steady-state

- Sustained

- Harmonics

ii. Frequency

- Ranges %

- Duration

iii. Stability Study- Load shedding

- Over-speed trip

iv. Limit Frequency Variation

- Point of Common Cou lin

- Within the plant system


FREQUENCY

CONTROL


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Objective:

i. To control electrical output of generators

ii. To control power balance between generators

iii. To control export & import of electrical power

.

v. To maintain balance in active power output


RATING &

SYSTEM


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VOLTAGE

i. Operation Condition

- ea y-s a e

- Sustained

- Harmonics

ii. Voltage

- Ranges %

-

iii. Limit voltage variation

- Point of Common Coupling

- rans en o age


VOLTAGE

CONTROL


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Objective:

i. To maintain the volta e constant within certain bandwidthii. Under normal operation conditions, the supply voltage range should not

differ from the nominal voltage system (10% or define by uti lities)



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2. GENERATOR


GENERATOR


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3. CIRCUIT BREAKER


CIRCUIT

BREAKER


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PLANT

LAYOUT


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4. POWER TRANSFORMER


POWER

TRANSFORMER


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5. MV/ LV SWG, MCC, FIXED


SWITCHGEAR


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6. AC/ DC UPS SYSTEM


UPS


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CONTROLS


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. ,

Protection & Meterin S stemi. Electrical Control panelsii. Protection Panel

iii.Metering


CONTROLS


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.

S stemi. Control panelsii.Automatic control s stem DCS etc

iii.Monitoring instruments

v.Auxiliary system (Blower, heater, filter, air fan, fire fighting,etc



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.

10. Raceway System

11. Lighting System



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THE END

Thank You!!!


Electrical Lecture 1 - Basic of Power Plant

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