Electrical and electronic equipmentcase study- case study

P t f 60 MVA I t l ki S tPower transformer 60 MVA(electrical equipment)

Interlocking System(electronic equipment)

Nancy LeitaoBalfour Beatty Rail, S.p.A. (Italy)

Electrical and electronic equipment

• Materials – Electrical and electronic equipment is present in power,

signalling and telecom systems of railways.– They consist of large metal parts (steel, copper) which

bl d ith f ti l it d th t i lare assembled with functional units and other material, mostly for insulation and heat exchange purposes

M t i l h i• Material choice– Depend on technical specification of the railwayFor example: Traction transformersin Europe - are specified to be mineral oil insulated;in Southeast Asia - are specified in SF6 gas insulation.

Electrical and electronic equipment

• Each material will have different environmental impacts in relation to the InfraGuidER key environmental impact areas:– Climate change,

H d b t– Hazardous substances– Natural resources

• Management decisions (procurement use waste• Management decisions (procurement, use, waste management) will affect the environmental impact of the equipment.q p

• Establish what materials are in the infrastructure system and their energy use.

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Material DataInfraGuidER D7InfraGuidER - D7

• Some information has been collected for the Bothnia Line in SWEDEN (D7).( )Transformer

AT transformer 22 units Copper 146 tons 0,698 tons/km 40 y 0,0174 tons/(km*year)Foundation 290 tons 1,389 tons/km 40 y 0,0347 tons/(km*year)Steel 186 tons 0,892 tons/km 40 y 0,0223 tons/(km*year)Transformer Oil 68 tons 0,326 tons/km 40 y 0,0082 tons/(km*year)

Transformer (placed on poles)Hexaformer, oil cooled, DS2550H 

50/22/0,42 (50 kVA) 75 units Steel BF/Zn profil 8 tons 0,036 tons/km 40 y 0,0009 tons/(km*year)Steel EAF profil 12 tons 0,057 tons/km 40 y 0,0014 tons/(km*year)Petroleum Oil 6 tons 0,029 tons/km 40 y 0,0007 tons/(km*year)

transformer (Type: Schneider Electric.) 35 units Concrete 26 tons 0,126 tons/km 40 y 0,0031 tons/(km*year)Copper 2 tons 0,010 tons/km 40 y 0,0003 tons/(km*year)Copper 2 tons 0,010 tons/km 40 y 0,0003 tons/(km year)Steel EAF profil 16 tons 0,077 tons/km 40 y 0,0019 tons/(km*year)

Local transformer 57 unitsAluminium 14,25 tons 0,068 tons/km 40 y 0,0017 tons/(km*year)copper 3,99 tons 0,019 tons/km 40 y 0,0005 tons/(km*year)steel 57 tons 0,273 tons/km 40 y 0,0068 tons/(km*year)

RM6 transformer 55 units Copper 1 tons 0,005 tons/km 40 y 0,0001 tons/(km*year)Steel 19 tons 0 089 tons/km 40 y 0 0022 tons/(km*year)Steel 19 tons 0,089 tons/km 40 y 0,0022 tons/(km*year)

Trafo 11/22 transformer 3 units Copper 5 tons 0,023 tons/km 40 y 0,0006 tons/(km*year)Steel 16 tons 0,075 tons/km 40 y 0,0019 tons/(km*year)Transformer Oil 2 tons 0,008 tons/km 40 y 0,0002 tons/(km*year)

EPD f P i lli d t l t th B th i Li il bl

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•EPD for Power, signalling and telecom systems on the Bothnia Line available since March 2010 on official site!

Energy Data

• The following data is available for the total rated power of transformers in the new high speed lines built in ITALY.g p

High Speed line Km Traction Substations

N° Power Transformers

Power (MVA)

AT stations

N° Auto transformers

Power (MVA)

Total rated power (MVA)

Rome - Naples 200 5 10 60 12 26 15 990

Turin - Milan 120 3 6 60 6 16 15 600

Milan – Bologna 185 4 8 60 9 20 15 780Milan Bologna 185 4 8 60 9 20 15 780

Bologna –Firenze

90 2 4 60 5 9 15 375

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E ti d i t d

Energy data• Energy consumption - during upstream processes and use• Energy losses - during use

Example: Rome-Napoli high speed line rated powerN° Power (MVA)

380/150 autotransformer 3 250380/150 autotransformer 3 250150/50 EES Transformer 10 60+25/-25 autotransformer 26 15

Total Rated Power (MVA) 1740

The total losses in transformer and autotransformer without load are a percentage of total rated power (half are in hot standby for backup).

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The total energy losses is like 4 trains per day traveling from Rome to Napoli at 300 km/h!!!

Environmental Assessment Impacts and Aspects

SLife Cycle

Aspects and Impacts Upsteam In Use Down Stream

Climate change NegativeHigh percentage of steel in the t f it

Negativeenergy losses

d f i t

Negativeenergy use in decommissioningCO2 l d d i t

Transformer

transformer unitCO2 released in manufacturing of main parts/ assembly/ transport

energy used for maintenance CO2 released during waste management

Hazardous Substances Negativeexposure to paint during

Negativespillage of mineral oil during

Negativehazardous waste managementexposure to paint during

manufacturingspillage of mineral oil during assembly/ transport

spillage of mineral oil during failure or unplanned events

hazardous waste management (mineral oil)special treatment of waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE)

Natural resources Positive No significant impact PositiveNatural resources PositivePotential for recycled content - reduce resource use

NegativeLand resources in mining -

No significant impact PositivePotential to recycle materials - reduce primary resource use

NegativeLandfilling of waste - land take

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gbiodiversity and land takeWater use in production - resource depletion

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Environmental AssessmentExample of evaluation tool LCAExample of evaluation tool - LCA

Power TransformerABB T f AB S d P t f• ABB Transformers AB, Sweden, Power transformer TrafoStar 63 MVA, December 2000)

Interlocking SystemInterlocking System• Bombardier, Sweden, EBI 250 Interlocking

• Methodology for Eco-Design of Energy using Products –Directive 2005/32/CE developed by the EuropeanDirective 2005/32/CE developed by the European Commission

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Environmental AssessmentExample of evaluation tool LCAExample of evaluation tool - LCA

LCA conclusions• Use phase has the most important environmental impact of• Use phase has the most important environmental impact of

all life stages

Climate change is the most significant key environmental impact area

Energy losses is the most significant environmental aspectNote: Calculated energy net consumption and energy losses for an gy p gyestimated lifetime of 35 years and average load assumed as 50% in power systems for transmission and distribution of electric power -could be longer lifetime given the lower average load and operationcould be longer lifetime given the lower average load and operation pattern of traction transformers which influences the design lifetime.

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Environmental AssessmentExample of evaluation tool LCAExample of evaluation tool, LCA

LCA analysis – Climate change, Natural resourcesN d t l l t ti d l f• Need to calculate energy consumption and losses for specific operation pattern (kWh) in traction systems

• Traction transformers during use have an average loss of a standard two transformer substation; one loaded feeding continuously at 30%two transformer substation; one loaded feeding continuously at 30% of rated power and one without load in hot standby for backup.

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Environmental AssessmentExample of evaluation tool LCAExample of evaluation tool, LCA

LCA analysis – Climate change, Natural resources• Need to adjust environmental impact data to place of use

as the electricity mix of user country will influence energy i d i f f d hconsumption and impacts of manufacture and use phase.

LCA analysis - Climate change, Natural resources• Need to know energy and resource usage for production

of environmental protection facilities or ideal atmospheric conditions for indoor equipment (spillage containmentconditions for indoor equipment (spillage containment vessels, air conditioning, etc.)

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Environmental AssessmentExample of evaluation tool LCAExample of evaluation tool, LCA

LCA analysis – Hazardous substances• Need to assess if there are hazardous substances that• Need to assess if there are hazardous substances that

are banned by EU or national legislation, such as EU-legislation REACH - Safety data sheet assessment. eg s at o C Sa ety data s eet assess e t(i.e. PCB in insulation oil)

LCA analysis – Hazardous substancesLCA analysis Hazardous substances• Need to know materials used in the product in order to

identify the hazardous substances that could be yunwanted or controlled substances(i.e. SF6, polymers, Pb, Hg, Cd, brominated flame retardants, etc.)

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Environmental AssessmentExample of evaluation tool LCAExample of evaluation tool, LCA

LCA analysis – Natural resources, Hazardous substancesN d t k l bilit t f ll i d i i i• Need to know recyclability rates following decommissioning - large metal parts easy to dismantle and recycle, but which materials are in need of special treatment?materials are in need of special treatment?

Weight Weight t I t l ki t d tMaterial

Weightkg

percentage%

Reciclability %

Steel 384 72.6 100

Copper 43 8.16 100

Interlocking system data

Materials in need of special treatment at End of Life are

Polymer 42 7.92 98

Iron 24 4.55 100

Aluminium 4 0.73 100

Oth t i l 32 6 00 35

treatment at End-of-Life are 33 kg.

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Other material 32 6.00 35

TOTAL 528 100 96%

Environmental AssessmentExample of evaluation tool LCAExample of evaluation tool, LCA

LCA analysis - Other environmental protection areas:S ill / l k d f i k t d ifi d• Spillage/ leakages, need for risk assessment and verified mitigation measures have to be put in placeNoise need to confront territorial data with noise emissions• Noise, need to confront territorial data with noise emissions data (day and night LAeq limits for local and strategic acoustic maps in design location)acoustic maps in design location).

• EMF, need to assess electromagnetic fields exposure as defined in EU Directive 2004/40/EC (where staff may be ( ypresent) or stricter in Recommendation 1999/519/EC (exposure of the general public)

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Environmental AssessmentEnvironmental AssessmentEPI/ tender evaluation for procurement

Li t f EPI f l t i l d l t i i t d i d f l fl t UIC 345 f lli t kList of EPIs for electrical and electronic equipment – derived from leaflet UIC 345 for rolling stock

EPI sourceKey area Type of

specificationEPI definition Description /unit

UIC 345 Climate Voluntary Energy in use Energy used for operation and specific operatingUIC 345 Climate change

Voluntary Energy in use Energy used for operation and specific operating conditions / kWh or J

UIC 345 Hazardous substances

Mandatory Restricted material List of legally restricted material / kg

UIC 345 Hazardous Voluntary Unwanted and List of unwanted and controlled materials (SF6UIC 345 Hazardous substances

Voluntary Unwanted and controlled materials

List of unwanted and controlled materials (SF6, polymers, lead, etc) / kg

UIC 345 Hazardous substances

Voluntary Hazardous waste List and weight of materials requiring special treatment during lifespan or at the end of the life / kg

UIC 345 Resources depletion

Voluntary Recyclability Material recycling rate after use of the product / kg or %

UIC 345 (adapted)

Other Mandatory Noise emissions Compliance to specified local and strategic acoustic maps (day and night limits of LAeq)

UIC 345 Other Mandatory Electromagnetic fields (EMF)

As defined in 2004/40/EC where staff may be present

UIC 345 Other Voluntary Spillage/ Leakages Verification that measures to prevent environmental damage due to spilling of oil, l k l t i l t d th

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leakages, grease, coolant, insulators and other substances have been taken

Environmental AssessmentEPI/ t d l ti f tEPI/ tender evaluation for procurement

List of EPIs for electrical and electronic equipment – from EPIs preliminary identified by InfraGuidER team

EPI sourceKey area Type of

specificationEPI definition Description /unit

InfraGuidER Climate change

Voluntary Energy consumption in

Energy used for raw material extraction, manufacturing installation / kWhchange consumption in

upstream processmanufacturing, installation / kWh

InfraGuidER Climate change

Voluntary Renewable energy in use

List of renewable energy sources and % of the energy produced for the use / kWh

InfraGuidER Climate change

Voluntary Climate change effect

Global warming potential, acidification, etc in the life cycle / equivalent unit of CO2 etcCO2 etc

InfraGuidER Resources depletion

Voluntary Material resources List and weight of material used in the product / kg or %

InfraGuidER Resources Voluntary Recycled material List and weight of recycled material depletion

y y g yused in the product / kg or %

InfraGuidER Resources depletion

Voluntary Material for protection systems

List and weight of material used for providing the ambient conditions or environmental protection / kg or %

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environmental protection / kg or %

InfraGuidER Resources depletion

Voluntary Traced material Identification of the material for the removal in the downstream process

Environmental AssessmentOther evaluation tools to be usedOther evaluation tools to be used

• MFA• Risk assessment• Carbon footprintp• Water footprint

Thank you for your attention!

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