electric water

7/30/2019 electric water

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2/241

A d v A n c e P r A i s e f o r

WhElectric Water,chphswapahwhwp-

ay hgy w ha h hma . a m-a

y wh a ba wg hgy. i am ma by h

ay-ag, amazg, a jyab b.

PAul G. HeWitt, ah, Conceptual Physics, 10th Edition

Electric Water a my a h a fih! chph

swa a wh h Amy l, A G a a w h

wh w ha h mg a a w -gz hmay a ham-

, aab, m ma way. i hgh m w a pa

spahp eah g wab gy a aaab.

dAvidWriGHt, AiA, ema Ah

Electric Water a hahy mm ! i a agy -

w wh a b a , a hg a ha

ahp, chph swa a maa z

b wahp h Mh eah. b h b q

ag ay jg pp ahg ay h -

ma gaza.

Bruce l. erickson, aa maagm a cag saab Hahy cmm


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New Society Publishers


5/241

c P d:A aag h pba aaab m hnaa lbay caaa.

cpygh 2007 by chph swa.A gh.

c g/ga mp by da Mih.

P caaa.f pg Ag 2007.

PapbaisBn: 978-0-86571-585-1

iq gag q p a pa Electric Waterh b a nw sy Pbh a ha bw.

t y m h pbh,pa a - (nh Ama)1-800-567-6772,

a www.wy.m

Ay h q ab by ma :

nw sy PbhP.o. Bx 189,Gaba ia, Bc vrX, caaa

(250) 247-9737

nw sy Pbh m pbh b ha b ama way bg a gay aab a j y, a wh h a pbmpa hm, a ma ha m h .W amm gh j hgh a, b hgh a. b p wa ggba a a ma hag. i p a- pap ha post-consumer recycled (100% gwh -), p h ,a p whgab-ba, w-voc , wh p g f swahp c-fi . Aay, nw sy pha ab ff aay, ba aaa a, pag wh a ab-a p. f h ma,

bw b apha y, wb a: www.wy.m

NEW SOCIETY PUBLISHERS www.wy.m


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To Sandra

for e gi of our sons

and a vion of life.


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8/241

Contents

Awgm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x

i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xe evolution of a personal vision dating back to the 95s. How the

vision turned out to be uncannily accurate: the author wrote a science

fiction book and ten years later was in a position to make the fiction real.

e vision now represents a wide range of initiatives developed by all

sorts of organizations and appears to be coming true.

: i lgh Wa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

If history is illuminated by the light of our minds, our future is an

illuminated vision of expectation and both are electrons in brain water.

Many visions of horror mark our time. Prescience caused millions to

inexplicably develop new energy and water tech decades ago. ey were

creating our future. Its now ready.

A Wah egy a Wa A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . How popular views about resource scarcity blind us to the potential of

the inastructure revolution happening all around us, and to a wealth

of energy and water. As a society we are standing in the rain debating

where to get more water, and standing in the sun pondering where to

find new energy.

l M smhg e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . How conservation technologies, oen seen as symbols of loss, in fact offer

a higher quality of water and energy. Better insulation means less

energy expense, as well as a warmer and quieter home. Native plants

oen use less water, and also attract more birds and butterflies.


9/241

E l E c t r i c W a t E r

: T

Pw m a cya a a Pa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . How photooltaics generate electricity om light and can be integrated

with buildings, but since the technology generates no pollution no one

notices it. Nevertheless silicon crystalline structures now produce

significant electricity.

fm lgh Wa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . How renewable energy will replace not just fossil and nuclear

technologies, but the very idea of centralized power plants. e

unavoidable economic reality is the inherently lower cost of generatingpower when and where its needed, and only renewable energy can

do that.

db by ra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . How developers are choosing to recycle water within buildings, and cities

are capturing rainwater. Outlines a strategy for reliance on wells,

restoration of urban watersheds and no risk of poison in the water.

o Wa a egy sym . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . An energy-water system that would replace furnaces, air conditioners

and water heaters with one appliance that generates electricity and pure

water om light and rain. How this device is virtually available now,

but has yet to be assembled into a single product.

: I T lgh Mby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

e worlds largest industries have already decided on fuel-cells,

hydrogen and renewable energy. Automotive and oil industry leaders

have already inested billions. Solar-electric transport means

nonpolluting electric cars and a gas station in many garages. Why

it will start with trains, vans, taxis and trucks.

Mag g by lgh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . How manufacturing is already driven by designs in light. Factories and

farms can be powered by light and biological processes, and even the

factory that makes energy systems is powered by light. Reductions in

energy and all resources due to new materials are sweeping industry

already.


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: L R

ra, rwa a rbaag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Links new energy and water technologies with the remoal of dams and

restoration of rivers as a means of restoring fisheries. Shows how this

strategy offers a means of rebuilding whole economies, even whole cities,

like New Orleans.

B, Wa a cya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Is faith in a common future a source of health? Is human health

compromised by hopelessness? It may just be true that general health

would improe by the process of building an inastructure, and by theresults of purifying the water and restoring the enironment. Water

systems would no longer be a highway for disease or poison.

:

G h s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acknowledges the belief that they wont allow such utopian promise,

then outlines why they are developing and marketing the new

technologies. e transformation is happening and will happen because

it represents not just financial profit, but profit by all measures.

l b lgh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . How the new inastructure allows billions of people access to a higher

quality of life, with far, far less cost and pain. is revolution means that

for the first time in human history we will not only share a common

experience of creating the inastructure, but also the common results.

cya lgh a lg Wa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hippies were right: Its crystals man. Breakthroughs in structure yield

ever more sophisticated and subtle tools, such as electric clothing and

paint, inisible people and things. e same technology leads to new

visions of life. It started on the beach. e universe in a grain of sand.

r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ab h Ah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

c


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12/241

Acknowledgments

t Magg swa hag m , rb swa hagh w a my ka a ty h pa. A bgha raym dama a Gay sy hag h

may ya ag. Appa ca c h agm.

a l lay ag m ha h ; Jff lhma

a G Ham ag a mmg; a Ja lg

ma pp. A bg ha da ob, Mh Wa a davaqz ag h g hga a. A p

h ha nw sy Pbh, a pay chph a Jh

Pa h ah, a May r a ig W h pa-

. A bw da kp awg m my h, a B

e ag m w ab wa. A a ch rama,

bg h b a h fi ah. A a pay hg ag wh a my ww.


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14/241

Introduction

M h h pag bga mg aag,whiwaaygmasafahx.iam ag wh h pp a ah wh m ag h

p a a ama mag a p. By h m i wa 20 i

a ab bh a am m, a bma

a aa a, a w a a am m, mb m,

m, pw pa a fi, a a ab a by bg.

ih1970 my aa wh ah aa m

wh a gwg h m, a a

w ap, gy a wa hg, a a w appah h

a. mg a fi b, YV 88, whh

hw a a-pw away pag aap a aw hga a Ym vay.

i h 1980 i m a mpay p w away. i 1991 w

pp h Ym pj h mmy a i my h

p hag w a fi b y a b h

p ha .Wh hpp hpa p,x-

h pa a a ma gp, i h

pgam b cg a bga fiag, b h p

a w ha h h pj.

By h w i am gz h ph ma pgh

a bga ga a. B a wa

bg a h m; m ma b a ha wa

g wa g . i ag. i a h m ag-

aph Jaq ca , a h a, h ay a


15/241

za ha ha gz wa yg ga a

a h . H a , b h a, wh a wy m, ha

wa happ w happ w.a wa 28 ya ag a h g p g a ha

a. fi a pj bga appa h w. i-

ayhywyff,apaha,bhp

xpa amaay. gfia a by

Ja dam wh, h bCollapse: How Societies Choose to

Fail or Succeed, amp hw ma hag ff-

y h ag h m ap za a a-

h. tay a a gba ff, g maj ga -

a mag h b a. ha happ b.

w h g p h ay gh. raa aw

m a g p, h m a w y sa dg a gwh

aghaffi,ahfi100pa-pwhmbga

appa h baw h us. w p ha p- mpa.

A h , a w a paa h fi h a ga

amg a a a hgh ffiy appa, fim my b-

ha w ha amp gy a a hgh qay wh -

gamhpaamah.iwhb

bw qay a h ah, a mg a ga hah w may x.

W a w g a p wh w maj a y m-

a a m m: h a h h

pa mpa. i w hg a h w

w, ayg g a pa, b fl, aa,

a a m ap. a bh h a a -

ma h za , b

xaay a aab hg h a w ,

a aby y gap h p mag m-

b a pw.

W m gz h q m. M za,

bgg wh h away h 1850, why p. Wh

w may ma hma bha a p wh g-g -



16/241

za, h may apab, ahm a

pa.

tay i w-abh pg a w wh y y h , b wh h w may b a a h a h-

, gaa; wh y w ha qa a mb-

y, hah , amp gy a p wa, a , ha

h ah, w b mpm by ay ay .

i a ba . i b a bg a Pyaa b-

a i ha h pag a ya . i

may pa h ha could , a may ha a y

. B Hyw h h.

i away m h h i aw,

by h a m pp a h w wh ha my g

ha m ha b am, j fix. a

wp gp mbg hm, ahy a a

ma ma, a a hga . p-a ag z a a ap ha b a

ah, ag m hgh may a ya.

i w h ga mm a, wg

a a a, gy, wa, apa a

a h fi. i a w a a h a by ma

ma a maj . t h ay i fi may ppa ba p- a a pw w h a gwg gy h

w, a away w bg xpa a h w, a a

ga a, ga amg a a a h w m

aa. ig pp ha m h hg w happg

ba h ma h p w ha hm. y a

happg a a hm ba bg .

i b g ha b a by ah pp, a

hahm,ahabmbywgbaa-

. i ha g b a a, j h hgy

ap, gy wa, b h , m a xp

a. Maj hag gy, wa apahag ha w

axggybhamayamag-

g gba wamga agb pb g a h-

i


17/241

g bg ma gh w. Hy a ha w hag a-

mh m apy ha m pp h, a p gg a

h g a w p a wpg ama.Electric Water ab . i a b pp aay-

, b a jy h am hgy, , my a

. i my hp ha i mgh ha wh y whai b a mp-

a w w w mgg.



18/241

Where We Are


19/241


20/241

1In Light of Water

On New Waters

W . W a wag m wa. W a g a-mhmyaggy,bagwhhgaywhw a wha w a. W a ah a ayg a a ba

maagywa,yagmagaw,a

ha a h a a, a h bzz a

a, h ba m a h a w hma a, ab h a ff hm.

ia a pa g . A za

a wh aa xhbg a y , wh h ay a

pp w h pa a a za a xp

magfi pay pgaph, a a mab w

mma ah. q a ay

m h wh h a za hag , y a a h

wa ay am apa, ha agag, hy a w

ba by wa, a, py my h a ah za. Y

wh a za amphmmay b g a wp may

ma, j a mgh g a ag a, b h a

g bay. ia za g, y h Mah Ph

ah .


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w a za pa ba hy w a

wh h am a w a ay. o ha ya pp ha

gaz hm m mpx za. o a ham b pp ha h ba hma ; -

ma ah, a, fi a wa; mpa a h, ,

hah a y; a pa a bh, , ah a by.

a ha b w mmy, , pa,

a px.

Y h ba a a b ha p m y. c-

mpay ay pa, jb a a

h -. M hgy ma a hgh g p-

aza, b h p a y p ag

a h b a ag jb. M pp a a

pa mmy -m m ha a phya mm-

y may-m . spaza mp by h ma

y a g, gm, pa, mm, b,am, b a p wa b h way b a a h

g, gm, pa, mm, b, am, b

a p a . o hgh hy pp, j

ourab.

a y b ag a mm , a mm

ag wha h mm . y ma yywaffahmahawaghha

bhgh by ma mag wh hgh ff

a xagga a mmay g. mp a mm a

ah, a, fi a wa a pma m w a ha a a

w aa wm a x.

iaz a a wa wh hm, mpy ba

ma pa fl, b ba hy a a mm w a a

mm pp. i h us, g ma mp ma pb

h ah x h u sa sga rg a -

, wh ga mm wahy pp a g

h a w a . Wh a w? Wha a?

nh h a yag a mm pp. o spmb

11, 2001, h y nw Y a h w ha a agy h aa

E lE ct ri c W a t E r


22/241

h W ta c. o a h aa

gba aa mma h w ha m gh

a maj , m ahqa ha a ma am h ah P daa. W, a h w, mpahy

a xp a mm pp aa g.

wa a m g ag wh h mm a a pp

ha w ga mpa, a w a bj a pa-

i lg h Wa

The commons has no voice in US

society beyond the words and

pictures of various special inter-

est groups. Mass media is al-

most entirely devoted to per-

sonal and political stories, and

almost entirely sponsored by

companies selling personal

products. After decades of this

bias, as exemplified in televison

commercials, the majority of

Americans have become so

focused on personal concerns

and personal products they

no longer understand the infra-

structure upon which their lives,

and all those products, rely.


23/241

a a y ab. W ha h a am

aw, p awah, ma, a aa mpym,

a h hah a h mmy. nw h m pp a h map, ah m ay ahp a phya

pa. y a w wh pa a mmy

may b fi a mya way; wh mgh a, d y

ma my phya mmy wh i h gba pa m-

my i a ? Y a h am mm hy wh m h

hg pag a a a , wh m fi

h a h m aa a may bay w h

x- ghb, m pp w hy a pmay ma wa

aya,bhwhhhyhawhy.Mp-

p mgh a w haw hma, ag wh a ama a pa,-

pa a a g y apgha apmag ha,

fi by ah, a, fi a wa.

W w w ha h pa a eah. W w ha h ah wa,hawbah,hfiwaahwawaa

a p. W a w ha h gba pbm w w a a a a

p. W a a wh hg ha a am hw w a

ah, a, fi a wa.

A Common Reality of the Commons

mm j a paza a h ma. i a ha w ha y

bah;aha,aa,aahwahpa

a ama wh x by h b ba ba pa. m-

m h wa, gy, apa a mma ym w

ha, h hah a, ja, p a fi w pp, a h

pa, mm, am a h w a, a a h aw a

aa a. i h w w b a ; h w

w a b , b h; h g wa ga-

haamb , ag a gayhap pa pa

h am a a mm ay. mm y-

hg w fi, by y a pa amy -

. i yhg a, mmfi a h ay

.



24/241

mmahyhwwawhhmm.ih

byaw,pawaghaaahaw

ha. i mp ag, h a w wm y

pa p p, a h caa g , a

a ab aag aw ab yhg m a a h

ha h yw w h m h a.

Aag ayhg a h mm yg a.

ey a a appa h, mm pa

a m, b w a y ga pa

a g mpx a pgam. vay y ha m tv pgam p by pa p, a y a

y a h pgam ab pb , p by a . Pb

baag, a w a a mma ha, ff q -

ma a, pa a, hy a w h-

gy, a w a pha ama ab gy pb . f y -

h pgammg h a mab m mphazg hw pa b mp by mg m h pa

p p h mma. a am b

wa, .

W h a, h hghway; h wa, h pp; a h wa

, h a pw pa 200 m away. W wha w w,

wha w ha. Y w ha a mm a. ah hm, am, a a ffi bg may b ff, a w

may h ff ba ph, ga, , , a,

b a a ma h p, b w ha fib-p ab a

a wh w mma; hghway, away a away wh w

a; hg hp wh w by p; aaq wh w

wah; pw pa a m w wh w

mhg . W ha --y a g a ap

fixg, fiag bg a h p w . B h --

y b h a w ha ba p a

a.

W ha a wh ga ay y a, ay

g, a. B a a a hgh-p a m l

h sw Ap; nh Ama h hg g a h

i lg h Wa


25/241

; a a y ag p h w ppa h-

a hp a pa a a y wh a ff a g.

vay y a a h pa a hy w j yg a a

a a w m: H?

W ha a p ha a w

mhy. cmm a a. i may amagg

a a ff. dyg p a w b a apa

m. Pg h a ma ha. exghg h mm

fi w b a a hy. opy pg a w g m-

may . eah, a, fi a wa.tay w may ha a mm agag h ma

,bwhaammxp.Waaampyg

a y p wa. W a mm a bm wha w bm

ag pa ba h wa h a h h a. wa

w a , m wh h wmb a by, fi a , h a y

ha gw wh a w bm pa h ambag wagwa a hmay. i yam , apay aa a

y ma wa h ba ha g gh. W a a

ha .

G wha w ha, m ama bgy mm

hy, m h pm hgy h gg 24-h a ay p-

a a a a h a ay h pa, w m w ha b a mm ay ha a ay a

pa . W ay ha agag -

g , b w ha a agag ab a h hgy w

y p. fm away j pa, a m a m ma-

h , h w ha ha mm m a ma-

hy, a w a mm gaph a g a mgy ymb.

y agag p by aa ap ww,

egh.

dp ma g h a w ha a m p-

mpahaayg.mmp

h pa magy apaby pw a a p y

ha h mm w ha.

i h x h fl ma awa, h pa p-



26/241

gam a mpza, p a aa p, paw a w

h mm. ogay fi h us, caaa a ep,

ha mga h pa, a w a m y a g-

m py. i w gba.

Wha gh h w h mm m h m-

m 20h cy a y? w a -

a a a h pa b m p-

p a h p gaza. i fl b a

h m mpha mp pa, m mpx ha-

h by xa ahy ma gp maagg h w;m ma by a agy ma aaab a; m

g a a mhaa ym pa g a a -

a ym; a m wg a a gzg a

aba w wha w wh ffiy b .

w h mm mba w hg h

am wa, gy, apa a a . B ppapa h pa, aaby ma by hgy, h w

mba h w. i a xaay gfia:

ga a.

i lg h Wa

Due to the propensity of people

to focus on the negative, or the

inaccurate, and the tendency of

mass media to focus on the con-

flicts and horrors of life, there is a

lack of awareness of trends that

have been evolving for decades.

These trends represent an alter-

native pathway now firmly estab-

lished, growing rapidly, and largely

initiated long before climate changewas even an issue. Some trends,

historic preservation for instance,

are valuable by what they do not

do, such as consume more energy

to build a new structure.


27/241

amp ha mab a za

ba hy a wa a a, b ba h mb x

h apay h a a wa pp hm. am m

h , h ama h gaa, h a h

gam, fihma agh a h fih a hy a a h w my.

appa ha ha ay za y

gzhgaabgaa.Pp

mpy m . B h w ah h a 20 h cy, h 1960,

wh b pp a a h w ay w

by aag h ym a gba a. i h bamb ma b fla gp , a a z a-

h us aa h a ha a gba ma aa-

ph wa ab w, a a p, h h g.

i 1980 h wa ga a mm. bj wa

j a am a w ma. pj bga p-

ay mg, a pa.Ahgh ma mpa ga- h us gg m maja pj, h a a m-

g mpa g Wymg gaa, h wa gm

, maj pgam a ama b m. i j hap-

p. tay h a h ga a pj a

h w, a a pj ha aay pa a ama

g a a g ab. ha happ b.

W a g w wa. Y w a a g a wa, a

hgh by gzg h wg h a-

za ahmpa wm hflw a wa. W a

a b pa ba pma a ay by wa.

The Wolf We Know

n b h a ha b pay a m m m hh a a a . i h a h eah a. i

a h a ha ga pbm w w

hag ba w a a by yg h y

ym w y p.

W am h pp m ha pp. W a-

m g a w b a a y by ma . W

1 E l E c t r i c W a t E r


28/241

am gba wamg ha ba. W am flg

hwawhgahmaahafihha.

W a ag ab wh w w , hw apy cha

a ia w m a xpa gwh a, b w a-

ag wh h . W a ag ab h pfi wamg

g, b w ag ha mg a a hwa

mabove a aag h a. W a ag ab h qa-

ab x wa ap g, a hw a h x

h ga w am h w ym, b w a ag

wh mg pma a g mha ha w ay a eah mpa p g.

W ha ma hag a pa a gma

, b ma p a, a h y pbm

w m a za , a ah .

f a bh gh ga ha a hagg h ma

a h mp h amph. i a p ba ha ahagg b, a pa ha a hagg h ay a

a h hah wh a hag h y x a

ym.

i h y h x a mpa ma hag

may pp w y h p h pbm, a amg hmay

pbyhahmampa.Bwppaaya

awa j hw bg ha bm. A y ag a bg y wa

500,000 ; w may bg a 10 50 m ha z a gwg.

p a mah by pg mp

ahabp,,haaghga,a

whh aff pay hah, ym hah a gba wah.

i may b mpg bam h mg, h gm, h

pa w, m g phphy. B w a hpbm w a, w m awg w a by h may h

pay ba w a h pay. W aall wh h pbm b-

a hy h y a w ha. eah a whm w bam.

i h ba gba wamg h a h maj p. o,

h b. tw, h may may b b, b hap-

pg a h a a G a pg whh

i lg h Wa 11


29/241

g pa. , h , a ay a h

bw aza a hagg ma w .

eah a ag ph p by a fim w a h amph.

h p xyg, hyg, ab x, g, mha, ab

mx,z aa h ga, p a hma yhz

by ama a pa, p w hma w ha , p

, ghy 60 m h a h . wa ga a a a

a ba ag h ha, a w a h ha p by ayhg

bg h pa.

Gba ma hag a by ga a wa apm h b-g a , phma z, a h ha

ff bg a pam. ga may a mh a a

m flg m h gh bg ff h a a a ah

ha g a ap pa. A mh ab x, g,

mha a wa ap a h mpa . nw h mpa

h amph ag pma m, xpg g z pama whh bg ay, ag mha a a h wam-

g. t mh h ga h amph a a a


Given the bleak realities before

us it all might seem hopeless.

In this context its important

to recognize how quickly infra-structure has been developed

therefore how rapidly we could

reverse the situation - and

how many of the technologies

we can employ represent work

dating back decades. Ecological

restoration began with the work

of Aldo Leopold in the 1930s.Practical photovoltaics were

conceived in the 1950s. Electric

cars have been in development

for over 20 years.


30/241

ha m, hgh ff, agmpa

h. Mha p.

a. c ah ay gg ha a mpa-

h p b xpay, ag ap ap a m

a a a a aag a. a h ama

a ba aa bmg pmay fl. c nw Y

mgh b ab h ba h wa wh a a w.

haaaaawphagmmm-

. Phap 50 100 ya, nw Y cy w h b a a

h w v, wh a mg ba a fla yw waax g w sh A. cma hag w by m us

dpam d pa a h fig aa y

h xseverala. tm w b a m hw.

i w y h gh a am a aa a

g h ffy aa a ba h hg w a

. i ha a w ff h h. W a a. rg a-mph a a mpa w ah h ah

z mha a a eah w b .

o h h ha, w ap h a bw a

gwh a gh ga a h g a, h

w a a wh a a wg, wh ff a

h pbm w b j w g, b a pbm aab

g, ab a mwha pab m. G

ha h 20h cy wa b h m , , aayz

a h y a hy ay ay m wha hap-

p.

Apg h mag a ma w a ap h

mpaxaayhagapa.oha

a a m pp, ww, ha ap h hag.y mp a a mm ma, p a

mmy a, a w a , g, ah a h

pa, a wg pfi, mpa a gm ag-

pg w g hg.

Amg h wh ha g aa aab ag wy

ap ha h ym m a y w b a

i lg h Wa 1


31/241

aab amp. na wah xhab, p

h y a g wha p, a aap a useda

mp y happ. saaby aa g-

z hw mp ppa gwh

a mfia ym ah za.y

gz h aby a b pa ha y w ma.

Wha hy p h a 40 ya a p h a-

ma h pa. i mgg h w maj pa, p-

ay -, h, wa pfia a pha

. i b gwg pj , gaa a ,a w a h q w ama h y. i b h

ap ga am, aa a w gam ahg. i

xp ha w g bg p, a bg ha

a gy. i h gwh ah wab

gy, ma a gy. i xp a ha ma

a bg wh w m ma wag pab a ga b paab.

A h p a w w gwg w baya.

w happ by fia, by pa m; ah

gw pay a h w. M, fi h-

ga hag j ffiy pfi, b hg ha

pp p a hag. oga amg j a ma

hah , b hah a . rwab gy

j a may, ab a pp a a ab

m a aa aaph. A h w hg a a

ag p j a pa gba wamg a h

, b a ab mpm qay .

i 2005 a 06 h w apa ma gz h gfia

ma hag ah mpa g hg. u bh,whh ha abb hg qa apa m ha a a wh

hw , m g h w-h ag,

-h ag hgh-h maag. n bg bahgh a -

q, a h a ay ma ha ag a gba. capa, by h b-

, flwg g h. da a aay w a gba.

B h w ha h bg y.



32/241

We Have No Time

wh y h gphya aa, wh xam ay gaa

gag ma ma pa h aa mma

wah , ah h fi p ag aa

wh awgpma . A a gp, g-

ay ma fi am ab wha w w happ h -

. Hw, m a hgh ja ama wh h

aa ha pa ha h qay gh ga aay h a-

mph, p g ha m a h a ba ppg

h p, gg ha w mw hp w ay m a a. y ag ha

aay a.

oh a pa wh p awg

ha mp h a ama ga hag ma by h i-

gma Pa cma chag (a h pg

2007) h amp hmay w ha h b aap. yg hm a w wh mb pp mga

hgh g a ap h b a ama a -

p aa haw ha m ya a; a wh

m aj h ga a gaa,

wh apg h m pp aa a ha

wgh by ga ap. sh a gm a apa may b

a h am aa fi pga, b g

h aggg ma m h . n b h p

aap, b h p za w b aaph. -

a a g h g ha. i mpa a abz a

aghyhghwmghmhgh,baagmpa

a a a , h p mha a h a-

mph w a h pa mh, x-gh.

sh a gma a a a am h a w a,

b ghwy pbm paw a .c m-

a , a ma bg pj a fi bj

haaa,wwha,whab.y

mm p ha happ wh awgg hw h

i lg h Wa 1


33/241

mm w aff y happ. rmaaby, h

ppa g hw 40 ya ma , a h gm

p hy ay pa, ha g ma m pp -

p a a ma hgy mga m-

a a ma pbm.

Aapwhaahmapbmagbaa,

b a a w ha a amph xaay ah-

m. fwg h Japa aa Pa Hab dmb 1941

h us ah a aggg maa. cmpa hag

mmagamaga,mmagmagwhhpa m mag p mag hm. Wap maa pp

pmazawazaayazahyhg.

Byh mm 1942 ay Gma Japa ffi wh w h a

h p apay aay aga hm w h wa wa , b

h a h Ax a. W a w -p

hm. e wa.fwgW Wa ii hu sa maaghMaha Pa, a

-ya, $13 b pgam b ep $140 b 2006


Parallels exist between the first

20 years of the 20th Century

and today. Many of the same is-

sues are with us again. Mediaand retailing have just gone

through a transformation due to

computers and the Web then

it was the Sears catalog, now its

the Amazon Website. After a

century of absence electric cars

and railways are back on the

agenda, as are new energy sys-tems. Remarkably, many of the

inventions that defined the 20th

Century cameras, subways,

cars, planes, movies, recordings

and skyscrapers all became

common knowledge within only

a few years.


34/241

a. smay, a ma pgam wa a Japa.

ff w pmay ba a, h pag h

a p whh pa a b m b ma.

i ppayam hamaj a hag yhapp

. B h a a xamp h hag wh mm .

Bw 1956 a 1970 h us b h 41,000-m a hghway

ym, wh aza wa abh a j pa am

a. Mawh w ap m a a mma,

a , am b a, ag mah

maam mp, a m ay g . fm a gba ag, a 15 ya.

i 1985 mp, ph, ga m a h i w a

h whg, b hy ay wpp a w. i

2000 hy w g b pp a h w.

fm, gb xp, wh i g gh w?

a 15 ya.ia a ha aza h ma

m. i ppay am h ga hah a m

i lg h Wa 1

Following World War II and the

Korean War the US was poised for

transformation. The country built

a staggering quantity of infra-structure, all of it linked by

41,000 miles of new interstate

highway. This investment trans-

formed the landscape of modern

society. These trends were revolu-

tionary because they either initi-

ated whole new industries, as

with space exploration, or totallytransformed an existing one, as in

propellor to jet planes, or all but

replaced an existing industry, as

in interstates nearly replacing

railroads.


35/241


36/241

h ma h a may paw xaby

ppa. i p a h h , qa, yp a a-

p, bh ama a pa, ay h qay -

m by pp. Pp a bg Aaa, y a m-

bg a wbg.

G hma hy, pfiay h ahg hg w b a

y h m, p h y a p xpa gwh, w

m q pb am a wh 15 20 ya, a

am h w my a a h am m. sh a bggg

pby may m aby pm, y hy a w b, a w w p a g aay w hg ha ma

bh m ab a m paa . i y w

b a a bgh a w a. i j pb.

i mg a ba a a bzz a ay a w -

aph.imaybhaaww,a

bgawyaawhyaa.abzzya hag bw , a wh a a wa. A h

fi by p w g, by ah h

w wa a. i a hgh ab ah, a, fi a wa. i a

p a w w b wa a gh wa.

i lg h Wa 1


37/241


38/241

A Wealth of Energy and Water for All

Dont Unplug my Life

W . Wh ffi wa a gy,m a za, ag wh ay hp mp-m h qay pp , w y p a p h .

Amghwhyh,abyma

pg pba, wy b gba wa a gy

a ax h m, a h a z a

b.aaaywahagmayaahw,

a a -pg g a wh a a bg xha

aby Mxa fi. B h pb ba h ma-

aby haw, a b ay ba ag hw x-

g ym w a h w hg aay aaab.

lgbgbawamgghpahma,aa

ba a h 1960, may a y a h w waa gy w bgg p w hg. hg

w mgg a a p p a pa wh h

amp gy a p wa aaab y ah. i h

h maa a may p ga fi ba

yhahgyhyahppy.ih-

p ahg, ma hag mhg, gawah

1

h h b


39/241


gwg,mwahxpagahmappaaab

g ba h qay ha mp h majy h

eah pp.

thg aay h ma h ag ym ha

pp y a p wa, a ym pwg bg

a h. ym, p mwha m pha appa

hm ammabg, w pa hg-a g, aq-

a ppg ym, a w a am, a m a fi.

w wa-gy hg a qa h maza a

h hg ha mp h ma y ym w w yp. A ha hgy a w b a ab h z a

hm a hp by a w m hag a wa a a w

w appa, hag hghy ga wh bg h -

a y w ayhg a. c w g

pw pa a ; hy b h pw pa a .

W w y gh a a.Amazgy h pm w, a p

am a magaz. a am

maj wpap hm-a a fig hgy, a h

ha b -pag a magaz Atlantic Monthly a Harpers

Ga M hyg- am pgam a BP a-

pha . Y h pa h a may h h-

g ha y b am ay g h maam -

ba ab gy a wa. Hw h a maab pby b

, a ama hg pa gh?

cmpay y, wh Amag, b h

bgh . f a wa a ah h , ag

a y wh a pahga y am h w. Ppa

p a gm w wh w hma a h fighg wa wa a a h g h ay a h mpa z, a

bg y a hfi fia wa wh h h pp by x-

pg ap h way .

ppay Amag aa, whh p a a

fi wag mpg m a a g aay ma

a, p a ma a g pw

p P p


40/241

A Wah egy a Wa A

, a a py ya x a. Pp

hgmaahaawhxpaab

a qy ahg ag wh a byg pw. A hfi h

pawhpwbya,aawh

jy h a by amg hg ma ba h w m-

g a ayway.

iaaby h m a b p h a ay, a

ay wa, gy a ag a ay bha. i

wy am ha h gh gy a wa a pp, a

h h qay ha fi m za aaab mh h w ppa. h pm ay a h

ba a p a yg a ma fl a wa a

gy.

B ab ay a agy ba a qay fi us

m,aahawaayxgawhgy.ia,m-

h w ay ha a qay ha a g bha h us aa, y hy a yhg. i hgy a-

ay w wy app, w us gy a wa -

mp by m ha ha a w ay ff, xp

ha h y b w b w.

ppa p ay ypfi w xm :

- wh y y, g by a mag am a-

gy a y a, b y a b, a h h-

wh a p amp pw h gh pp wh a a-

bahywhg-pagamghm

qa a ay b a pw pa.

w a a ag a gq mag

h hg w w y . m xm -a

am gy a wa a h ppy aalwaysw b, ha aa ay aab a ha apg g a w

bm mpby xp a gy p . pbm h -

b b amp. m m mm,

pay by a a hp, a b a a p h a p

h p h . W b, a-hma a pha

hgy, p a mag aa, ga amp y

ww wh a w a a a gg h w happ


41/241


ww wh a w a a a gg h w happ

pp a ga gy p. emgg wa h-

g a maagm ag by maj gg p-

b aay a mp wa. Amp ah w

maa, a bahgh f y-ba pa p

a, gg h pa a ha b maa fiy

g maa gw fi a h gy gh gh.

Solar energy is often discussed

as if it were somehow insuffi-

cient to meet our needs, espe-

cially for heavy industry. Such

assumptions border on the

absurd when one considers the

staggering quantity of energy

were receiving at any given

moment.

m xm a a am h pp h


42/241

A Wah egy a Wa A

m xm a a am h pp h

-ay p, y hy b h y b a-

mp. y am a pw pa h ay m gag

y; ha a h b p ba ga g-

h ga; ha ma -wab gy, pma-

y , b ha h pa; ha aa a a aa

h m ussr a g ay ; ha ay m

w fig hw aa wa; ha ay m w

fig hw ma a bmb; a ha h pa will ,

may.i w m, a m y mb h a pg a

ah h hgh-h g p by mp, ph a h

Wb, w gh h bm g. fw pp gz ha mh

h y ha gz h mp a h h gg m

m pw pa bg a by a m m, h am a-

ha a aza 150 ya ag. W gyhg a h h ha wa a.

fapmampaybagyawa.fa-

m pa h a a m pa phphy ha

mpg a b fly pa bg, b a a

ha ba hy a aa a a w g a.

fa us aby a aa gy ppy ha

a a mp a ah -a,

b ff may a hg pp.

Were Drenched in Energy and Water

Ay ba wa gy a bm Byza mpxy

mpy ba h bj a bh hay aa a xmy p-

hmpa.W,gyawaahbjmaha ha by a pa , m mpa

g y wa pp wa b ag p-

a wh a ah pp a py wh . ia-

aby h bbyg h pp gy a wa a a

ay mp a a p g pa wh

awa wha h ga . A h ba

by ay agm ga , h a h y


43/241


y y g g , y

ba bj pg p wa a a gy a, b by

wh p h b pb-a ampag.

spa mag hag hy am a h

b a, y mp h w ag a h xp a.

a, xamp, h wh p a h y ma a. i

h 1990 h -ma aa ag a nh Am-

a ma y by ag wha w p ga

In the US the majority of water is

delivered by government agen-

cies and public water companies

via reservoirs. Nearly half of this

water is used in boilers to make

steam, which drives turbines to

generate electricity. In some

farming regions wells are a sig-nificant source; about a third of

agricultural irrigation water in

Californias Central Valley is

groundwater. Industrial water

is generally used for cleaning

and manufacturing processes,

and as a source for various food

products. (Source: United StatesCoast & Geodetic Survey)

a g a mapa a a g.


44/241

A Wah egy a Wa A

g p g

agm: w p a. Whh h gy wa y a

ma.

i h am p h a bam m p mp ba may aw y h p a h pmp, h p

xp -pg g. i ff, w a h

w p a aa y wh a g h a-

mp by a ha q a y

If the majority of water used in

the US were supplied by recycled

water and groundwater via wells,

and assuming a conversion to

renewable energy, nearly all the

water now being stored in reser-

voirs, with up to half lost to evap-

oration, could be returned to therivers, thus allowing restoration

of fisheries and downstream

groundwater.

may ga. W a a aby aa, aa


45/241


a p y by a a a g. fa

h p ga.

A y pa g g pbm,a h y gaa ay gy a wa. pay

b a wa.

M h us w p wa pp ga a m -

m . W a m p g, wh h

wahg a aapg. i m y wa, ag wh

wa by a a m a, pp ay(h ag) wag am pa wh a 98 p-p

py, y b mp h wah flw h a. s

wa a a p-w a aa a w bg -

aza pa g m wa!

l g h agh: w m p wa a ga a ba

p, w bay ay a y h , h pp m a aay ha ay pfi , y a h a a h

b a pa a h a ? m by b wa, a

a m h p ga, ba w h ap wa.

Wealth by All Measures

nw hg aay h ma y h

pa hag amp wa a gy. nhg b .

W a aa gy a wa. imag a fi xg a a a

h y a a 100-wa gh bb apa.

pw m by h bb qa h a-gy ha a p h

ah. ra a p ay a a h a 10 100

h a ya, pg wh h y . gy a wa y

b ay a pp, whh hy wa .Wha by a w m appa, a gy-wa ym

a bx, ha w pa wa ha, a a a a

y gh a awa aay ? Wha h ym

b maa ff z a hgh hm hawa

a ma-ma p agg m $10,000 $25,000 ghy qa

h aag h m? Wha m h gy-wa

pa xg wa, y, ga a ga ym, ffg p


46/241

A Wah egy a Wa A

g wa a a gy, wh mg a pa m a a

wa? sh a appa x, b pb b w.

sh a appa w hag h w. i w ap hay m-a, hma ag, ay pyg h wa eah.i w

a p a by , ag haha . i w

a a a gy, h awg a may

xp. i a a pw pa a ag

am, awg a wah a fih, a w -

fi h a gy p, m aa a -p.

Using building technologies and

solar technology available today

its possible to build a structure

that provides sufficient electric-

ity, water and heat to support

one person using a ten by ten

foot roof; assuming about 20

inches annual rainfall, with 75%

of their water recycled, and

excluding garden water, which

varies widely by region. They

would need a water tank up toabout 5 feet square. A typical

household would be about 3.5

times larger.

mpa h pg w a m p.


47/241


Wha m h w ppa, wh h x 20 30 ya,

ha amp gy a p wa? Hw may h w b-

a h wa wa p a ga h aby a m? Hw may m pp p a b b-

a hy ha h pw ah h w? c h hag a a

gba m aa ma h a? c

amy hg, xpy p, p a ma

hag ?

Roofs are perhaps the most

under-utilized asset in the world.

A small L-shaped suburban

home roof might be about

1,700 square feet. It could pro-

vide energy, water and heat for

the average 3.5 residents of the

average dwelling unit, of whichthere are about 101 million in

the US. The roof can capture

upwards of 21,000 gallons a

year at 20 inches of rainfall

and this, plus water absorbed

by the ground and collected by

streets, could provide ample

water for homes if 70 to 85percent of usage is recycled.

faay ay? n b may pp w m h a

h i h b h


48/241

A Wah egy a Wa A 1

ghy pa. i a h gy-wa ym p by h-

gy g h us pa pgam. i pa h h, h a-

a pa a aa ma paa a ffy pw by h, wh pha pg hy, hyg h

y a a g wa y y. A w bg w

a ma ma ym, b a y ha amb

a ym paag ma p. nh, y y h a

gy-wa ym w b p ba h hg ha ma

pb a aay p by m h w ag pa h gy, am a m . i h ay h

b w gy a wa hg p a ma ay

qa h ppa eah. i ay w y happ ba

w j pay y b, b g mhg ff.

iwahappbawbpfiabbyyma,ffg

bfi a, ma a may m. i a ay

w hgy wy b p h y ma aby

a fiaa pfi h y ma ma. W h h

w b m y.

rga h m ya w hmay pp, a x-

p y Amag h, pp ma w

ab a hy a w by pg aa. A a y

w b pg aa gy a wa hg a wa. w wa ba h-m pfi ba m h

p pfi w phma. i wa ba h a pfi by a

ma: qay , a gay h a mayb a g g

g g w.

rmaaby, p a wah a wab gy a

wa pfia hg h ppa awa h m-pa. ia ppa ba ma gg gy a

wa m wh. i a w w ag h a yg h,

ag h zg ah.

yhaggywahm.Whamm

hgy aaab h w ma y ha wha hy

.


49/241


50/241

LessisMoreof SomethingElse

Consuming to Disaster

s wh m . Ampy a gaza m wh , b wh ham mpy g hm hy a a m bg g m wh

m.

f a y ay a b gh a -

wh agg m m h -. cmpa gh bm m ffi ah a

aa m a . ey py wa a

aba m pfi, a pfi a ffi a -

m h b . mpa ha aggg ffi-

. i 1860 a m ga 16 hpw m ,

w a m ga .uay h ma a wpa b, a by a

g ag, ha mg a g a.

b pa a g m wa a gy

ma h. Y h amp ha a aay x-

awamagyawampwh

ay qay . i m a a a m

a,apaybaagmmpa-

m w gag apay ca a bfi a pay


51/241


m w gag apay. ca a bfi a pay.

By the Light of Starslgh a a maj m y. W h gh wh

a hgh ab wha ma gh. gh bb

ha g m h ma h ma 125 ya.

i h a w a h gh bb ha b gg ay

hag. Aag mpay bb a aay mh m ffi ha

bb 25 ya ag. nw bb a ab ha ha, pfiayw gh mg (led) bb w h ma. w gh

abmaaagghwmbaam-am

am,py-baahymbgh,yffi

hy ha ha h gy mpay bb.

led bb, a bb wh fiam fl ga,

a b ff a wh amag h bb. ha p m-

pa. i 2006 h Hma M mpay a

amp a h la. i y led bb a a m h m b-

. M a ba h ama a ha h hma y p-

mag a ba h mag a flahg a 30

mamp.ampybbaffahy

gh. mp a h amp aay w pw

mp by m ha 40 p.nw hg, paay gh mg , ha xpa

mpa g gy mp, agy ba ghg p-

a ag p a gy mp. B m b a ha

mh ghg, a w b ghy ay ba aa h w,

phap h g m wa gy a my h pa. A

ay g mm mab g a pay a ma m-ay wh mpy m wh bg a fl wh gh wh

p. lag gh mamay ma b,

b gg ay bga. Whaa h b

ag may gh ?

sgh ha bm a a h a may a a aggg

wa gy. i h a w a h us ha bm a a wh

m gh qa wh m, h a ma amp mm -

gh a mgh. fm 35,000 , g w h z w a


52/241

l M s mhg e

g a g . 35,000 , g w w a

gh a a aap mpy pag a hghway a bgh a

ay.W gh h gh b b bgh. W h

waag by m ha w-h. l gh w ma ff

m m a ay ma gg gh p h

g. A ag pag gh mpy b ff.

Existing streetlights waste energyand blind us to the night sky. The

potential of new lighting strate-

gies is characterized by a new

Sanyo streetlight (available in

Japan). It has a battery in the sup-

port and a glass panel incorporat-

ing photovoltaic and light emit-

ting diode films (detail). It wouldreceive daylight, generating and

storing electricity, later providing

a glowing light at night, instead

of a glaring spotlight. If motion

sensors were used lights would

only be on when someone is

present. Where crime is a concern

savings from streetlight energycosts could be used to hire more

police. No conduit or power plant

required.

oh a b fi wh m gh a .

y p m w m ma, a


53/241


y p

h p.

Phap w ma m mma p ghhaff a gw, a ma pp wa b . Wha h

wa a h gh, wh bb, j a pa ga mg a

wam gh h wa? dg h ay h am pa ga, h -

m a ma ww b am, w m am b b

gh . ga, a wh mp led bb h b-

m a a pha fim h p, a pp by a a a-h ag a bay, w a-gy g h ay a

gwagh.shapcpamajhaphJapa

ma.

da b a a, a b a m a a ga

hbyax.Maybaywagbahmaha.i

h mam, ff gh m gh.

sgh h aa by whh a gh bb a ma ba

gh pm . gg w a a a

m mab m p gh. sgh, pfiay

a gh, a b p m am d, a

mm ym. i, hah a ma w-bg, p

my, w m a w ha m ghandm a.

sygh a y ww. i ay 20h cy ag pa ygh a a ma g h ghg. fa

ha a awh , wh ag fig ag h a a

ww ag h, h flg h ay fl wh ay-

gh. B a bgh bb bam m ab, ay ygh w

pa by fl gh. chap ghg ma pb ma

ay pa, mag pb b a -ab abg wh ww. c pby b hahy w

ww m?

sy ghg ha ma a mba. imp g ha ma y-

gh y a, b a, ay. e ga a m ab.

iagy, w hm a mma ygh ha

fl a m wh gh, mag h gh -

g h ay. W may pp b ag a w y b a

m fi wh gh?


54/241

l M s mhg e

lgh pp x. ey ay m pp a h ph

mag a h n, amg h w ap hgh gh y fib ga. am fib-p ab ay gh. A

ap a pp a gh a b fib. gh bam, -

a wh h ha-h fib wa a pp, w flw w h

fib ma fix h g wh h gw gh m-

aa m h ph ha fib. A ww m

b fi wh gh.nw led bb w b mg wh fib-p a ghg fix-

. A bway a Mahaa b fi wh gh g

h ay. A h w w w p h afia gh a

h wag a a w h a m h ph gw

a wam wh a gh. o a a w ay fh A

w b haw a a, b ww w b by

h a g h h bg.

Keeping Heat In or Out

ia bgy , y a a a a ba h A. ia-

agy a g agy a w a a bg maa. cmb

w wa maaa wgaa a bg a b wam wh

y , wh bag . Mpa ww ab a a ha a p ww w a pa ba a bz-

za m a zy wam g m h g H Bay.

r ay hag a p a maj ap h

pha mag hw gy m. Ah a g

a wg pa ha q gy bahya m

ha m ffiy. ag ha w maa, h apa fim a h a pa wh h a a a -h ab

wa. ug aaab hg pb a hm gy

mp ha a z a aa w fi a w

ay a y a ga, h a ww a/ m h

wa ym, p appa ha a h ha pp. a a

bg , A g h h mgh .

cmpay ga a m ffi ha 1990 m, y

w a maa a h mp ga-


55/241


ym pm h mpm. rga w

pa by h maa h g bx ha amha. sh mgy a a ma maa ha bm x-

gy pha a ha hgay mp a

hw m a ha. w ha a maa

ha may b hg m ha a - g, a fim h bay -

Existing building codes in NorthAmerica ensure that more re-

cently built homes and commer-

cial buildings are energy efficient.

Most older structures are energy

sieves, losing heat-bearing mois-

ture from cracks and by transfer-

ence via single pane windows.

Conventional incandescent bulbs,older appliances and excessive

use of appliances results in a sig-

nificant waste of electricity. By

using high efficiency appliances,

insulation, vapor barriers, multi-

pane windows and natural light-

ing most structures can be

cooled with little or no energyconsumed, and warmed by appli-

ances, people and the sun.

b, a ma fim wh m ha amaay ag hm

ampha.Ghagaaamajaa-


56/241

l M s mhg e

m y, a a hah, ffi ga

a ma.A g a m ga. i a ympma

bg ha fi eah. u y m pp am a b-

g wa a bg ga whh wa oawa oa. cm-

mabggwabyhmag.Haga

a g w a pag xp a wah wa -

a. typyg h m hgh m m gy ha ga by ghg, appa a h ha hy

y h appa. A g qa payg

a a gy m wab gy w ayway,

.

sa us a a ay p Ha ia i-

a am a g h ha p by m bg a

pam. i H h aag mm mpa ww a

bba ffi mpx wa a ahg x gh g wam

hagaaa.apgamacH

a a ay ag g , pmab pam

apag pawh ga. Bg w maj ag

hag a g by g a g fig.

egy a y paax. i wa hgh a hm ha a bx. Ah w mag h bg

a a hy wa a g h ha g-

a by appa a haba. B a a w a xp,

a wh w a hg ha a ha wh

ha wh h, w pb p ha -

ma a a mab mpa. sh a a ba hyare h a a a .

A gwg mb epa bg ha g . sa

ya ag ah h a a a . i

b a y ffi way a hag . tay h a

h bg wh pg ga a h ma a

ap a wagh . a ba ga ffy m

ha hp a h . P , a hm wh a bzz-

, phap a Mhaw.


57/241


Energy, Water and Conservation by Designegy a wa a xaby . Hy am y -

a wa ba a aga , hy p y. Wa y-

m a amg h bgg y, bh pmpg wa

ma a pwg ba am pa ha py wa. egy

ym,pfiay pw a, ayha ha hwa-

m h us a wa b gag am h b ha ga y.

gy a h pa w a ha b paa-

by wa a. Wa ag, a app-

a mpa ha ma bahgh a ap wa ag a

wa h . s h pb wa ag ha -

gfia a ag a hy hm agh

bw a a aaab a a pb agy pp

h wha ma w . ag ay by

pa a wah, b h h h r: , y

a .

rg ma pg hq a hg ha -

q wa. thg w-flw , m a pb

m a p a a pa wa mp a-maay. cmpay aapg a may p ga ag

gha pa, p ga a mp hag

g p a gh. i may a g, aap ha p

xap ag hm a pb pa ma h

wa pa a b y p ym. Xapg a

pa aap y p. y a pa.ryg ma pyg a g wa a j ag

h a. Wa a b paay y wh a bg, wh a

wa pa hgh a wag ma ym a y a gywa.

i aay ya a, gay. i a b y by pmpg wa m

wag am pa g, wh y pa bm-

g a wa fi a a wa ba, wh whawa by h am pmp.

cmma-a yg ym ha b p a ag

bg.

l A d W P (lAdWP)


58/241

l M s mhg e 1

l Ag dpam Wa a Pw (lAdWP), a

agy wh wa gabbg pa hy wa haaz hm chaw, w pp a h w wa-a a.

nay a y ag, ma b gay b ba -

ay, l Ag h wa gh h m ow

r wah a b a g aq. y bga a h g

wa, p a w m by ag a wh yam. f

Existing water systems move

countless gallons of pure water

from distant reservoirs, all so the

water can be mildly dir tied and

drained away. This makes no

sense. A new washing machine,

potentially for dishes and

clothes, could not only do thewashing in less time, but store

ten gallons of water internally

and clean it no plumbing

required. Once a month or so,

depending on usage, one would

add a cup of water and remove

the filter. Lint and food waste

would be recycled as fertilizer or

bought by a recycling company.

h ow r a ow la p, a h h y bga a-

g p aq. fay, a jgm h 1980 a 1990,

a wh h a lA p ag h


59/241


a wh h a lA p ag h

aq a h a h a. sm a ha b ,b a 2005 lA a ow vay w aga .

i p h m ow r wa h lAdWP, ag

wh h sh caa wa ag, ha p agg

a ag, g pgam ag hm-

w , a w a y pgam ag yg.

Mawh h agy pmpg wa m wag am pa -g, pg awa ah ba a bmg

ga a.

nw hgy, pay ma m,

a fia ym, gg h wa a gy

mp a h hz. w hg aaby

mgy y mpm xg hg, h a a wh

am ga ha a, appa gay g

mmba fi wa.

A w w wa may w y w p. dh a h

wah a bx wh a bx y ag h h

hg. Bw h bx a bx h a m,

m h, mhaa pa a a a am a. By gg h

mah, h pa bm a wa a. M, hh wah-g mah a b a , a phap a h a h wah-

b p a h. Wa b -

y a a fi. o a mh a fi ag w

b m, wh mp wa a , a phap a p

wa a pa ha m h a h.

i pb p a , a wh bahm wh a hw, ha q wa w y -

y a a ga wa. i w a flh a -

a,bwbaabxhap,mhabh.wa

w b y a h wa w b y p a a

bgaab fim z. M wh a ha a a b -

a b aaab.

nw wa appa hm wamp by m ha

w-h. Ppg ym w b mh mp, wh wa

pp a appa a w a a bba


60/241

l M s mhg e

pp a appa a w a a bba

aa. caz wa hag, wh h wa ppg qm, b pa wh p -ma hag by ha a. n

m wag a wag h wa a.

nw hg a g ag ha gy a wa

a p a j ha: pagma p bm m ffi

a a my. y a gg a a my

a.Bhaywhgammpghajw y b. nw ghg, mb wh ygh, ma hgh

qay -baa ghg, m gh a m am d. nw

a aa a q , a a h ga

bag hm m . i h, qay g p a

g w.

laapg wh a pa haaz h ag mpa

a. d aap a paa g a ha a

bg mm, y h a a am maxmm

w, h g gy wh w bg by ay

ay mah. na pa a y wh wag,

hy a aaa p ab, g a ay

h p ha mgh ha hw ah, h g h wb

ha a g . ca ag ph way a h pa, a h g haw, a hma-

y, a apa m, b a pa a. W b, b a .


61/241


62/241

Primary Tools


63/241


64/241

PowerfromaCrystalasinasPaint

We Are the Suns Children

W -. W a gz by h , agmby a mpaay y qay , p a qay am. i h w a eah w wh

h. fay h ha phap a w b ya hyg ,

a ha m ha gh pp a h eah a g,

g m a gaaxy ha w b a m ay. sa pw .

o ahp wh h a m py ga. o b-ha m by h mm. o m gh mgy

m a whm wh a m ba may g a

azy h m pay m. Wm ma y,

wh h afia gh, a b yh wh h gh h m.

qay gh ha a ah m qa h

a gy m by za ya. W appxmay350,000,000 awa h gy (ha 350 b wa h)

y ya y h . W y ab 100,000

awa h qa a pj ma a m

gy; , ga, ha a y. a aa ghy -h

p a aa m p ffi gy a -

z eah. i w a ah a m a mpay a, p

wa h, w b wh h ghbh $17.5 qa

a.

e fi gh a pa ph amg m h ,


65/241


bhmhghhahmphaxpaa- wha . sgh a h wah, a ga maa

, wa, a a a a ag a y a .

Wah wapp a hma h aga a -

ab p a a, m a g mm ay, a

ha ha bay g a, y g h paag hp

a . sgh pw y.

The energy and life of the planet

is often abundant at the edges,

where land meets the sea and

freshwater meets saltwater. Pre-

dictably these power centers

drew people to settle nearby

and take advantage of the ani-

mal life, gentle breezes and cur-

rents of river and sea. Most of

the worlds cities are aside bays

or rivers; nearly all are located

where sunlit days are frequent.

ey a hg ma b a a a. Gag y

ma x h b a am mh ha hy

a h b a m . y a x hy w flw hgh a


66/241

Pw m a cya a th a Pa

w. i h a may x a h w ma a y h a a h , h

amp m , w hw ff ha. W h gh bb fia-

m a .

ey h a ma ag gy ba a b

py a a a. e m ag m ha h

ha a p h z a a. lm, a agy hp, a-, g m wh app. e-

y h ma pwg ghg, ga, a mahy

aappa.eypwah,hmaggaa

g.

ey, gh, mag a gaaa fi a pma h

a g hg,gazg g byh p h . e-

y a h pw m. W h by h xa .

Light and Heat Delivered Free

rwab gy a amy hg, g pha, w

b a a-hma , ha ga y a/ ha

m , w a wa. Hy am, a pw a a h-

ma ga pa a a wab hg. Hw, ag-ahy a a pbma mpa ym.

ta a a hma a a m by h mb pb

. W b a wy appab a h a m -

app . m paa m wab gy h ph-

a (Pv) . i w wh h h ay ywh.

Gm ag h us a h a h qayygaahhay,whhwag-

a by a,aa ga,a, ag-a hy, w-

ab h a w, pha a hma a. B h

mayahagay

ga by abh y mpa. i h us hy a

ma 250,000 hm g m a h ha m h ,

h ba h hm a a h ga a y-

m, ba hy a ff h g y, a a h 20,000 m

hm a ma mma aa ha a h y


67/241


m h . aa gh y mb ha mah b wab gy, wh g h ay a h

a py pw bg.

Pv a h a gwg gy h w, wh

aa gwh xg 40 p. i ma ha 2006, h

y mp shap, Q-c, kya, say, Mbh,

Cities are widely viewed as

places that draw energy and

water from elsewhere. Industrial-

ization, fueling the rise of the

modern city, was a messy affair

that demanded power plants

be located away from homes.

Generating electricity also de-

manded the economies of huge

power plants. But today we can

generate power efficiently at

small scales, and integrate the

means of generating power with

the community and structures

that need it. In so doing we

reestablish ancient links be-

tween the city and its land, de-

fined by light, water and wind.

sh sa, BP sa, sh, Mh a saW. shap h

w ag p wh ab a qa h ma. naby,

cha p Pv gw ay 500 p 200405. -


68/241

Pw m a cya a th a Pa 1

y pg ay a g, wh Japa bg h a bhpa a pb m, a w a a ym. i 1995

h gba Pv y ab 11,188 wa pha apay,

a ma pa p may . t ya a h fig wa

301,530 wa, a 27- a.

M Pv a a pw pa m; hy a ma pa bg

pha hm, ma-a a a appa, ba,

ahaagpw.o40-wapa,gawh-

a, a ppy gh y a w gh bb a a tv

a/ ga, a a a pw a h. sm a hm a

h m , b m a by h y g a y pa

a hag, pha ga y a ba

pw ag.

Millions of Tiny Power Plants

Pha , Pv h, a a yp m ha -

gh a ga y. ga

, m a ha mg pa, xp ph a .

y a maa mh m, a a ay ma

h am m . ty qa phph a b aa q h Pv p.

Paaxay, h y mpy pha p ppa

g h x. a ga a fi by Pv, b

hpaajahpmp.ajacaahaa-

m y pw by Pv, b w wa .

a majy Pv maa h g ya amph . sg ya ay ab h

zaaawhaambhga.Ampha-

m ha a h fim ag ga a , a a b a

ay ma , h a wwah a aa.

u a az pw pa, pha a b

pa aywh h gh. i aa wh h ffi -

gh h pa a b pa aby agm by h .

cay ppa b, Pv a ab a h w, j

y . i aa p g gay ay w wm a


69/241


may a mwha ag aa Pv maa, ga agapay a phap aa pw m a mmy w b

ma hy a a ba.

Pha h p gag y a

happg a pa h ha a hma ha. ma

pha a b wh h p g h pw, hy a

Photovoltaic cells are semicon-

ductors. They can be made of

silicon or several other materials.

In manufacturing the cells the

material is cast or deposited to

form a thin crystal, then minute

impurities are added, such as

boron and phosphorous. In thatmoment a zone of static instan-

taneously forms the barrier

zone. Above the zone there are

a few too many electrons, and

below there are too few, so as

photons strike electrons the

electrons bounce about seeking

a new orbit with another atom.Finding none they have no other

avenue except to traverse the

wire, thus electrifying anything

on it before finally reaching

equilibrium in the lower half

of the cell.

b ga wh h maa a bg p, h g

w pbm wh p. nw m Pv a w bg ma

a bg p hg a pa fig ha a b

h h


70/241


apap. a Pv waway gh a gh, a a paz Pv pw ym aga by, a am, b-

ba a h m appa. dg ha bg xp-

mg wh Pv ab, g amflag may ag ha

ga y Pv a gh mg h ab hag

fihgaby.aPv-pwma

Photovoltaic cells are unlike all

other forms of energy technol-

ogy. PVs are emerging in new

forms: a sandwich of lenses,

photovoltaics and water tubes

generating electricity and heat

(left); a cascade cell of three

layers, each tuned to differentwavelengths of light, thus in-

creasing efficiency to around

30 percent; windows of glass

imprinted with photovoltaic film

generating eight to ten watts a

square foot; and possibly a TV

screen where one layer of LEDs

illuminates the image, while asecond PV layer generates and

stores electricity from light.

pa a y Pv pwg a a am h ba a bm-

b b wgy papag a fi y.

i h 1990 ah pha fim ha b

h h h


71/241


p ag mah, magaz pag a hgh-p pgp. i 2006 a mpa a pa j ha. o fim,

naa, b a ay apab pg pha

ahfimmhpghaha-magpapy

h a Pv . ay w p gh pha fim

ya p 430 mgawa, gh pw ab 86,000 hm.

u pha, whh z a ya p-

ay a wh h m, h w m-

p ma a p pam a a a mh

a. i w a h y a p pag wh a

mp w fla b ma m m-

p m, h am pg h ff -

m q p , yw, b a ba. nw pha

a ma,y a ma bg pa fl a p-fi hy w b g y ma qa a m-

a a pa p a pfi wagh gh.

naa p pp-m-gam- -

g m qa maa p wa p. Gam a

wh ma a a byp amm p, wh m

a a ma, a byp z pa a abaa caaa h ag p. cpp a aba.

egy m a a ma ffiy. i a-

ag h h y q hw g a a w gy-

gag ym p gh gy qa h gy m

bg ? Ay az pw pa q a ay mp-

a h . pa h mb h -

gy b . i m pa m m b p qa

h mb gy; a - pa may pa h -

a gy m 15 25 ya.

rwab-gy hg w, a-hma a xg

pha p a gy pfi wh a w ya. na-ph-

a p a gy pfi wh a wmonths.Wh mh

h p aa pag gy ha w ha hw

b p by a .

cmpay phaam bw 5 a25 p h

h h i 6 h


72/241


gh g h y. i 2006 ah wg w a hus naa rwab egy labay

hw pfi a ph g wha wa hgh m-

pb, ag b w m. pa

a pha 50 p p ffiy, ghy 40 wa p

qa a p a . a h g g ph-

a ah.

lgh h h . i wa gh a h m. i

mg gh a h aag ay a m 385 qa mga-

wa j h u sa, a qay a, a x wha w .

lgh ywh a y a b aywh.


73/241


74/241

From Light to Water

Inevitability of Renewable Energy

r by aa py m epaa a mh h h w, wh h us acaaa h g pp may aa, b pp x-

p by h a gy py.

Bh Ama ap a py p-

p a a a pw, ffg y a m mmm wab gy a a aab b a m pgam hyg

ah. ama a m ap ff a h

ay 1990 a a -ma a g, h awg

a by pw aay wh ga h h .

wy p ma, p wh p-p ma, a bm

w a a aa ga-fi pw pa a ff a h g

mb b a pw.

ag w a ba h hgy w b

ba, mpa w gy hg, h y bg

ay m az ay a amg ga a a-

ha. rgzg h mp a ha gh a ha a wy b-

, a ha mpay a a wab hg a

a,ahghaway-

mp, b a p a w gy ym ha a m wh

a a .

f a . e wh h b a a hg, a h b h


75/241


f a . e wh h b a a hg, a ma mahy m, m a b h a. ug -

agy m pp, pay a a ha, ma-

mahy pmp, ap a h b h a . fh

pm,aagaapapghb-

m h ba, a a m hg.

o a aa ga a apy mhg ppy, wh m xp

ggg w ah pa p gbay a 2007; h ay

2015 a ap h. Pag ma h ppy g ay, a

p y ay. naa ga p xp pa a

bg g ghy h am m p. W a a a

a ha, xag a a hgh a ahg aap a h

am m, w a gw ga ha a am ay ah

mh wha a. p my a h -aab.

tag away m my a ma whg , b

amg y. o a aa ga a a ma p-

, m z y mp a a g. A

wa hgh ay bg bx wag hgh a aag p-

. G h a, h g p ma m ha j a ga p. c- p qy hw p h p pa,

whh aff h p mab p, a ma h

p ma nh Ama, sh Ama, Aaa, ep, Aa

Aa.

Paaxay, h y a wab gy p may p-

p m gapg xaay mpa. M pp wa

a ha a b b, m bg mah ha ga -

m gy wh pbm. y wa a w gy ay pg

h ym w ha. sg h hy pm h

. y g aa a h wg pa.

W a g by ba ab a a pw a mba a

agy ha a x h pma xg hg. i a

agy ha bypa h wh mpx m, pa, may,

fi, hah, ha a pa g h aq,

p a mp a, ga, a am. i a agy

ba h ama ay ha pb h gy a- b h h fi h


76/241

fm lgh Wa

y p gyay by h a a hma a fiy wh

a a . i ba h ama mpa

ha w ha h b p wab gy amg a pp.

A ba h phya ay ha ma p m a ha

Debates over nuclear versus

solar-energy persist as if it

were merely a technical discus-

sion. But the realities that de-

fine the issue are not technical,

rather they reflect the intrinsic

nature of the two strategies.

Nuclear energy, no matter how

its dressed up, carries with it

risks by association with nu-

clear weaponry, and it requires

an extensive fuel production

and waste disposal system, a

grid and centralized manage-

ment authority. These issues

translate to uncertain develop-

ment time, unknowable costs

and endless risk.

a m ff ha paz p m a w a,

ahpaayhaaaaaammay

p fiy m ff ha x a m a w.

mp. i w a gy mp by mha ha by g xghg aga amp y m


77/241


p gy p yha ha by g xghg, aga amp y m

, g qay, wh p a a aab

w h a , why wa ah a ah m

g ayhg ? W g gy; w ag .

da m h y a bw h w.

Efficiency of Wholes Not Partsc wab gy ypay ma fi amp.

y am y m b ga a pw pa; ha xg

gaga 24 h a ay; ha xg a ahghy ffi-

; ha wab gy ffi pw bg ; a ha

p a hama.Ba h b a, , a m

a ab h b a , wab gy -m.

sa gy a wa, j a a a a wmpy. B

a g, m a q a ay

p. A a bw a a Ga Px a a a a

w b a . Wh am a p pw h

a w ap h fi. smay, w h xaay flx-by a hgy. i a b p m ha wa

ga y, a a b a m hgh .

ga gh gy pw a a h pa w a; a h

h w ma ; a h hp a ama ha a a-

; a a h w, wa a ha fi h h -

gam ha ppa ah hay a wmpy pma.

rwab gy z a bg ffi, a haaza-

ha a h wmp a, wh h mpa ha xg h-

g a y ffi. cg h w ffiy pha -

g y a mgy mag 12 p h gh ha

h , m h hgy. y mpa h w ffi

wh ha a bg pw pa, wh m ha 50 p h -

m mgh b am y. a b m-

pa.

effiy a ma my. A mah a b ffi

h g h a amph h m w. B w a mah a Mh amg a ahap wh-


78/241

fm lgh Wa 1

a mah a.Mh amg a ahap wh-

g h a, pp ah hgy

am h p y ffi a gag y, b g-

h gy h wh ym bg y.

The electric-utility system in

North America and much of the

world is based on largely cen-

tralized power plants transmit-

ting power via long-distance

powerlines and local distribution

grids. On average the distribu-

tion system loses about 60 per-

cent of the power in transmis-

sion. Then consumers waste

about half of what they receive

in low-efficiency structures and

appliances. Industrial and com-

mercial customers waste less,

but often maintain old and ineffi-

cient facilities. Aged distribution

systems in many countries prob-

ably lose more than 75 percent.

ca h hgh pa Wymg pa y. B fi

b m, a ha a gy h m bg h. s-

,bm,ahaahgymaya.,

b b pw pa, a ha gy wa ha.fh, h y b am m a h g,


79/241


fh, h y b am m a h g,

a ha gy by h a w. i h , a bag

a h gy m, y ha y ab a h h ga p-

a gy Wymg aay a a a h h

chag. o aag h ma pg a bg y

m ab w-h h gy.

If the majority of homes con-

verted to independent or neigh-

borhood-scaled local-grid sys-

tems, with hydrogen and/or

batteries used for storage, the

sun could power all structures.

The amount generated, primarily

by photovoltaics plus wind tur-

bines in some areas, would

range from 2.5 to 3.5 times

maximum consumption on any

day, and could recharge hydro-

gen tanks and/or battery packs

for night and cloudy periods.

Assuming new technologiesare used, the future home would

use less electricity than it does

today, thus reducing the size

and cost of the energy equip-

ment, and representing less

total generating capacity.

Whh m ffi, a ym ha m m ha ha h -

gy ga mahy h h aap, a ym

hamayqayapym

a y m h a? d ma pha a y 10 15 p ffi a ypa hm a b pw wh Pv g


80/241

fm lgh Wa

5 p yp p g

hah?nwphaah18pffiy,ah

pm p ffi xg 25 p. hag

gh.

Pmg pha m b a a pw pa,

a m fi Pv. y amg a

a pbm.

ha y ma a ay h a 19h c-

y pw ga, wh y m-bhg pw pa

w a away h h h a. rwab g y h-

g, pay pha, b a ba hy j

ga y, hg . y qa ha ma hm aab

ma hm ab.r a a -z g m ha ha h aa

, a hy a gh ha. pa b-

m h ww ay flgh appahg ay ap ay y.

r ma h y aap. a majy bg a -

h-y hm, apam bg, a mpx a a

. Pha , wh a-hma ym h ag a a ffi bg, a p amp pw h a

majy .

r a b m ha j h. fla ba may hm

b pa pha a pa ga, wh h a ag a

wh phap a . ia bg j a xp, h bm

a ma pg wam, gag y, g awa, xy-

gag h a, a phap g wh . maxmzg y

a a.

rwab gy a paa pwg a ay a a wah. Jg-

g by h h z may a a mma w

m hy m a a qay y. Y sa fa M-

c, a ma w-b-qa g ,

ha y m pha g a qa .

Wh hgh pw a q, -m a-hma

hg a ppy w m h gy h am aa.

ag w ay by bg, b h a majy a a b m a h .


81/241


sa-hma pw ga a a pg ha and-

y. cmpay ym m gh pp ay-

g a a gay bg b by a ag pw pa. h

It is often said conventional

utility systems are efficient and

photovoltaics are not. This is

a questionable assumption.

Electric-utility systems are built

around centralized power plants

transmitting power via grids and

consuming a fuel. Obtaining the

fuel, processing it, moving it,

burning it and distributing the

product, electricity, can consume

from 75 to 90 percent of the

original energy value of the fuel.

Thus the entire system is only

about as efficient as typical

photovoltaic cells, which can

be located where the power is

needed and use fuel delivered

daily light.

y a hgh a b ga am, whh

p a b a ga. am ym a

ha a pa h wa a a p. sa-hma ga-

b ma-p a z, m a ma pa h z aaa ga ga ag g b a ap a-


82/241

fm lgh Wa

y ffi bg pag .

a pfi yp a hma , a a -magg

a, ha xmpfi h mpy wab hg. i

pp a gh ah hgh mpa. t

ha b am ha h m b h -

ay;hamagaym,aagaham

a p w a a, w b q a h by ay a

a. By a a -magg a a m hap a p-

y aa hagg a, mh h a ma

ap, a ba gh g ha paa w b fl

wwa, ma wha m ya ay, ag ym -

q. n-magg a a b -hap g ghag a w, b h m hy y b p h -

gh. lgh g wa w b fl wa pag w

a a. A ma -magg a, ay a ma ab

a,whhwaawhhm,aab860wa

a am ha h z a hmba. i w b wh h.

Pha a ab h majy a, ma mm-a a a-a pp, wh pha p a hma, w

ma-a hy pw w b q ag a

appa a maj mpx bg. sa-hma a a

h m aa p ag-a a a m-

px ba hy a mh gy a ma aa, wh h a-

paby gag bh y a w a ha a h wa am.

Bottling Light and Water

c am wab gy paa ba h h

24 h a ay a bg pw ag ym . y mpa h

m pma whxg a gaga, whh

a am pa 24h a ay. i a, apw pa, whh hy

b a, , ga am, a h w maa a mh a

ha h aag wg 40 50 ya. uy mpa gay

pa ff a ah , y h h wh ym

wg 24 h a ay. pa mp pw pa q-a h ga a a x wab gy wh


83/241


h hg w bwg.

Pha a a-hma hg a m a ay

ba, g p wh a, b hy p gh gag

pw ay a ay, ya a ya. W b a m m-

Existing electrical systems do

not store power, as one might

store gasoline in a tank, rather

they are on 24 hours a day.

Given weather and darkness

its imperative renewable energy

be stored. There are essentially

two methods, hydrogen and bat-

teries. The hydrogen-fuel-cell

process, using water as the hy-

drogen source, is more complex

than batteries, but it offers pure

water and heat. Unlike batteries,

which degrade over time and ul-

timately require replacement, a

hydrogen system represents sta-

ble energy storage, plus quick

recharging of vehicles.

, b hy a y pab a w b pg a.

Pha a mp h j ayhg ba. oaay

a a a b wah ff.

Ba a-gy. cmpay p-y ba, m-b wh pha pa, w pw m aga by,

h h h


84/241

fm lgh Wa

ph ay a a h a mma . Ph-

a a p y ba a h a, whh a

a ba p hm, py ba h hg a

pab a q maa h m h -

m. a a hm y ba, ay fig a

ma , p gh a h appa gg hgh m

ag a w m. a rv a ba ba wh Pv

hagg.

w ba, aby o ba p by egy

c d ach-txa,a m pw

pa, a a b hag mh m. lhm- ba a

may paa a a m , ahgh hy ga a q pam.

Hyg a b a-gy. ey, ga by

pha, a-hma, w hy a, a pw a

appa a bg, g a yz, a ha -

y wa , hyg a xyg. xy-

g h a h amph wh p, wh h hy-g a a. la, a , h hyg aw w

ppy a -, a yz, whh - h hy-

g wh xyg aw m h amph, hp gag -

y, ha a p wa may.

cmpa ba hyg m pab a h p

g j y ma, b ha a p

wa . Hyg a b ah a ay z, bh fix a

pab, pp mh hyab a, aa ga. ug hy-

g a a ag mm qa g mg gy a

p wa may.

W by a a ma agy hyg. Hyg h m

p m h . W a pmay ma wa wh

a ma , a wa w pa hyg w a

m ha ha ma hyg, wh a ag hpg xyg. Ga,

, aa ga a a a a hyab ba

hy a pmayhyg a ab. vay a ap a bg hyab w . hyg b a

b h h b h h M


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g pw pa, ag bh h ab h xha. M p-

a a m, b h ab x, g a wa ap.

Hyg b. Wh h pa h ff, ma g a

g hyg a xyg. w ga a h g

a m g m p q a xp fi a wh

pm am a h g m z ha m p h.

ay b ma amm pw a a

xz.

fa hyg wa abh a y ay 1937 wh h

hyg-fi Gma gb Hbg appah ag

ma lah, nw Jy. Ag h m pab x-

paa a y a h ahp g. ubw h ahp w h pa p a amm

pw w w a . flam a ag h a

flah,gghhygbagmahgbafi.gbwa

g . Ahgh 61 h 96 pag a w h

h hfi mag m pp hyg wa a

m ag ha ay .Hyg m ag ha ga aa ga.

spa mb ay flammab ba pb wh-

aaag.iagaawmap-

: ga m a a. i a hyg a h j hyg.

M, a hyg a a flw wa hg h

g aa ga. i a p, a g a a pfi

mm mpy pa. Ga a xp a flw wa a

bg . naa ga a fi a bg a g

hff.Maagghygmffihamaagg

aa ga.

laag a pbm g hyg ppy a hgh j

ab ay pg. ex hyg xaba ma

hag. B h hyg w a b y a w pbaby b m

xphaga,amaawhaa

maa ym ha a. tgh hyg ag a, pmp a

ppg x a h hgy bg h ym abh.tay gy mpa aa ga a h hyg

agy b p h xg hyg y ha w


86/241

fm lgh Wa

. agy b p h xg hyg y ha w

p hyg a p, h a hyga gab

. hgy paag hyg m ab a ahg

h ab mwh, h a pmpg p aa, wh hy-

g b a a.

i pbab, a, ha mw gy mpa w gaph ama ay ha wab gy hg, ag wh

hyg ag ym, a b a az a h a

gy, a ha h agy m ffi a ab ha az

a a maab aywh. ey a hyg a b g-

a wh , bg pw pa a a a p hy-

g, a w a ma pp g y ym, a mpyay. hg hag a wha pb by

mag h means gag a g gy aaab a a a

a.

Price is Not the Only Value

i wy p ha ay w gy w hap ha h hap xg . B y p a pa a

g a ay m 3 12 p wa h. i

m h us a h w, w b a p mp w a

a a-hma a ha a a ha a -

y. Pv y p a ab 25 p wa h 2006,

b wh ax b gfiay . i may ma ph-

a hm ym a mp ax a y -

ym. May hmw a xpglowery b ba

hy pmp m pw ba h ym ha hy m.

Pv hgy p mp ay wh a by -

y g. By h g, whh m qa m m-

w gg ha ma w, Pv y

y ha h xg a y . Wh g y Pv y-

m a b y ma w h g. $5,000 $15,000

m a b ff by h a; Pv a a g a

fig, ab 30 p h a fig xp. i hy ga

pw h y h h b.

f- ay a aag wh pha w h 1990


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f- ay a aag wh pha w h 1990

xp. hgy ha aa may a ba

hy a a hgy wh gba pa. y a hw hyg

- p w a, j pg y b

p waa ha. G h xpaa h a b

h ha pbm w b a a w .sg ay p a h p mw g ab h-

gahag,maahqawabgy.

W b, pha a h wab hg, a w a

- a hyg ym, a a fix ha h

gh, w a flwg wa. i ga wh bg h

w b fia a pa h bg. h gy bm afix h mgag a paym, a pab bg-

ay m. Mawh p may g p w wh h aga

wa, wah a p, b h ab hy w am

ay p. i ay a h p a ay w b mag-

h yg wab gy.

P a ay m h w hg; a. ta, gh bb, a, a, mp a mab h -

a w ay xp, a ahgh p hgh

ma p, w h hg w hap ha h

whh hy pa. iag a ghg ym wa hap ha

amp. A y a a w hy ma by,

pa a maa a 60 p p p m m ha w a

xp a a, whh aag 25 p p p m. i a h

xp a , h a pag a h a-

, a w b m y. Y a ff m a aa-

ab by a, h xa ha b abb gm b,

hah a xp a pa bg, h a h a w-a

gaag.

Aag a, a , aa ga, a a a, w-

ab hg, pay pha a hyg, p w

a mpb ah g ay h hg, pfi-

ay h aby m gy hgy , -

y a apa, a p a az a ha -

pa wa pfia a ff -pb pw. w


88/241

fm lgh Wa 1

pa wa pfia a ff pb pw. w

hg mpy p wh wh ag h mpa, h

a p, a a gy a h amag a a

ym a by mg, g a aa wa. i w fi a

my a a ym a p by my, h b a

w hg abh a w my.dp h a y am a g ay , a am

ma ba pw pa w a yg a, w b

ab am a pw a. paax: a a b a

pa, b hy a a ab aaph a wh hfi -

q.chby a j m w, amaa a

aa a w p ga. a a M iaa Phapha m w, b am ha h g-

Pyaa ba whh aa h a, wg

ha may mgh b ab . G h ab,

a h g-m wa ag, a pa

a m, pa w a pw pa.

h ab, a h pg wh xg pw pa b , a aay everyones bg a gm xp.

i a ma hag a pw a h a

ba p ab x, mha g. nw pbb-

b a a g b hy a a b ma-p-

. B bg h pa w m ab qa

aby . sppag a gy p-

wh a pa, pwg bg, a apa-, p a g-m ff aggg mag.

i w a gy hgy hy a a , wab

gy mayab w. h wa pbm,

aaph , , m h ma mpa,

pbm byg a a a h .

rwab gy aay pha, wh a ba ag,

pw ph, , mp, ma ga, gh a -

ha ; a -p hp aywh, wh , w,

m a a wh a.

dmg wab gy a xp a a h b

ga h m gy a h xaay w a m-


89/241


g gy y

b. Wha h a a gy ha aw bg b

pw py, a a-aa g, a mpx b-

g, ahmah ba? Wha ha a p

ha a a a a ff j aa

gy p, b a p? Wha h a a gy wh mmy p fla, a wh -

m pay a fix mhy ? Wha h a hg ha

w ma gy p w a hw mh a

hm m?

Wha h a a y apab ag ? sa faa,

g h ay g m h bb, m 17 m wah y a ay. y 49 qa m, wh a

ha haaa g .Ahgh h y gay g

a bah h m h ya. B, g y

pha p; p . i bj ma h y

p xa gy, h gag ffi pw m

ay mma a p ag gh a y

p, h pha w a 20 p p

hyaamyafig.Gayhmahpha

figpaaphxgwhah-qa

h aag hm , b a mp 50 p by

g hgh-ffiy appam hm p ffi pw

mhaw.wmapwham

G Ga Bg, p wm ag h wy a a ap mayhgh-, a h y w b py pw a ab

ba, h a h a maj ahqa. i a, h

ym mp a y ha ay m az pw,

a a a h y.

Why g a h b a xp ag pw pa, -

a g, ffh g g a gba ppy ha w, a

a pp w a ba amp pw m a fim h ha pa

haa b ga whh fig, wa pa a ww h

bghahpw?Whymaaahahgygah-

g , gag ha a bg gy w ha amp gy

gh wh w a?


90/241

fm lgh Wa

g


91/241


92/241

Distribution by Rain

A Question of Purity?

W a a p. s-g wa a a p a a h a wa. i w amy g hg by pmay w a b h Wa amy

g Wa s Waw h Gba sa Wa. Wa

pa h mm: h mm. tay i am h wa -

y tah, a w a h wa ha a rma, Maya

ch. W a b flwg ag q awh w.

dg ga g a amg h m xa pa -

amag h mm. May mp yh g, a

hma wa, ba w wag am pa a a h

pa h wa. Hm wm bh p, -

a, a y abb by a wma by. A ag p p

hwa. Ab aa ay h ma ba a a

h wa, ag pbm hpy wp.Wa apa m ; ah, flw hgh , bh a q w

a a m abb xha. w a a b -

g wh , a, a, w a , y by h a ma-

wa a m h amph a . P wa

gay a pa m a, g wa m bah wa.

tay h aag Ama a a pa h b a -

.imawhhhp,waapwh-

a hma a g. W a wh a gay ay, a

ag pb a whh ba may a wha maay,

m a bh . n am y a m a h

q pg a . Pg h wa a g a

h b


93/241


h pb .

G wha w ab hma a bga pa, ab

Water is not apart from us, nor is

electricity. Water and electricityflow through, on and around

every plant and animal living on

or in the earth. We are mostly

water, plants are mostly water

and water permeates the air and

the earth. Since water conducts

electricity the electrons buzzing

about the planet tend to followwater vapor, water columns and

underground waters. Electricity

and water are bound in a con-

tinual dance, with our very

thoughts defined in part by the

pathways of electrons traveling

within the sea of cells in water

that is our brain.

aby m a wa a ab h pma a wa,

w m mpa ha w abh a w aa wa py.

Wa a b j b ah p h my ba wa

h y a m. h hg a pa wa. i a

mm.

Py m b h aa by whh a ag a hg a

b e b


94/241

db by ra

ma. a py m bm a. eqag ab

py, a awg ay p wa qa awg

When most contemporary water

systems were built there was lit-tle understanding of the work-

ings of rivers and groundwater,

so dams were built to store

water while the largest reservoir

of all, the earth, was ignored or

pumped out. In many coastal re-

gions groundwater has been re-

duced, usually by irrigation, towhere wells are pumping saltwa-

ter. Most cities have two water

systems, one to bring in fresh-

water and a second to remove

wastewater, while a few also

have extensive storm drain

systems. Cities with tertiary

treatment plants most North

American cities virtually pu-

rify the water only to drain it.

ay j h wh q. M. a M. Wa

p hm.

Roman Aqueducts to American Spas

Wa agy w by may xp a h x wa a

fl, pmaby a w fih fighg . i w m, g

ha ma az a ha a a ha a aab


95/241


ha may az a ha aay xha aaab

a wa , a ha p a a apy

xhag aaab pp, ha wa w b a a

pawg fl.

wwaaamhgbahpab- ay, whh ba a mp w wha wa ,

wh m m a hw pp . W a aywh m

ga wa a ay, h m h bag, b h

az may m a m ha am -

, wahg mah, hw a ga p 150 ga p p-

.flwwawypa-a:ma. B w pp w h a h paa ,

h ma a h a pp h bahm, hy a a

am m wh a g wh. Wa g p

w. i wa.

Wa ay maag mh a wa rm, a hg ha

hag 2,000 ya. u h a w hadhag, a a

za my p h rma m, xp wh pp a -

g w a p aq a g. W a wh h

h h .

Aga a aga m a bay a . A z x-

ha w a p , hy b g p wa

m pam. A h gw hy m wa, hy b

h pam. Mawh h z p ag pwa h a wa, ghg h aag pp

wy ay h m w m y wh h wa w.

eywapwamaawayhaam

hw a mpmab fig, p pam apg p

60 p h a may m , w ag a a a a -


96/241

ym wh a m wa apa ha hy -

b m; wh x aq ppy p wa

wh may p b wa; wh p aba

m a amma awa ha x wha hy -

m ; a wh p wa m a away , h

ay pfi, y b hw away.

Hw, h w wa hagg sh caa wa


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Hw, h w wa hagg. sh caa wa

ag a agy gzg ha h ah, h m a wa

ab, pay a a m ffi ma g wa ha ay

Cities could shift to local waters.If new energy technologies are

fully utilized it would be possible

to eliminate power plants, dams

and centralized sewage treat-

ment plants. Cities would rely

on groundwater, using wells to

pump water up or rainwater

down, thus replenishing recycled

water and storing rainwater for

landscaping. Sewage would be

piped to neighborhood facilities

in parks an excuse for foun-

tains and ponds every few

blocks or to a restored local

marsh. Farming, due to increas-

ingly chaotic weather, is likely to

become more diverse. Restored

groundwater would force saltwa-

ter back to the ocean.

. gh wa wam a h a,

wa apa ba h wa xp h .

wa ab a a a aa fi. B a gh

h y.

o h a a, a ag ha b xpag h a

p gwa by pg ah ba, ay gy p

pa- aa. cah ba aa wa ha fl a


98/241

db by ra 1

p

ahaya.ohaywgaamhhwaph

ah. i m a w j wa aa h p. l Ag

w 15 p wa m gh bah h y. y

a pmpg wa m wag am pa ba h wa ab.

Some Good Shit

ra gwa a aa by w wag-am

ag. ca wag am mphaz bga g

a hma a py wa. Bg mpay -

ag gy m wa ag a pa mpa a -pg why bga mh ha mpy y mgam

baw h wag, b a w pa h wa bma,

ppghgwhfihaflw.hqmmh-

gymahamaa.

Bga wag am a a mah. J h h

ma w Aaa, caa, h a x mah wh

a wa h pahway ha a h w w wag p a fih

am h , a w a , g a haw. pa a wh

, mh pag h a a ga ag h bayh

a amg m mb m haba.

i pb p bga mah h m bg .

e a bg bg mpx a a a

p, wh wa gy g m p h x am a mah ga, a z by h wag m h bg, y ag

y h flw.

Bga wag-am a xmpy a ag , a a

ag , pgwaym haw a.exgy-

m a mb wh h b w a m ffi mhaa

ym. Bw h m-19h a a-20h c w am

wah a wa a wag am ym. mag-

fi a, h a nw Y pg H r ym a

h hg caa Wa Pj, m am wm. u-

ay h ym h y a wg h

mah, h gba fih a b, a h ay pa

flwa wh a h a.


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A city utilizing rain as its primary

source would use streets and

roofs to capture water, pumping

much of i

electric water

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