Electric Motors 6

8/6/2019 Electric Motors 6

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EXPERT SYSTEMS AND SOLUTIONS

Email: [email protected]

[email protected]

Cell: 9952749533www.researchprojects.info

PAIYANOOR, OMR, CHENNAI

Call For Research Projects Final

year students of B.E in EEE, ECE, EI,

M.E (Power Systems), M.E (Applied

Electronics), M.E (Power Electronics)

Ph.D Electrical and Electronics.

Students can assemble their hardware in our

Research labs. Experts will be guiding theprojects.


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Control of Induction MotorControl of Induction Motor

Under the GuidanceUnder the Guidanceofof

Prof.Pramod AgarwalProf.Pramod Agarwal

Dr.Sumit Ghatak ChoudhriDr.Sumit Ghatak Choudhri


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INTRODUCTION TO VECTORINTRODUCTION TO VECTOR

Nikola Tesla in 1880 introduced the concept ofNikola Tesla in 1880 introduced the concept ofPolyPhase Induction Machine, from which thePolyPhase Induction Machine, from which theworld has witnessed continued growth in the useworld has witnessed continued growth in the use

of Induction Machineof Induction MachineThree phase induction motors has been mainlyThree phase induction motors has been mainlypreferred for is simplicity, robustness andpreferred for is simplicity, robustness andmaintenance free operationmaintenance free operation

But for variable speed drive normally D.C drivesBut for variable speed drive normally D.C drivesare preferred . The main problem with D.Care preferred . The main problem with D.Cdrives is the time to time maintenance of thedrives is the time to time maintenance of thecommutators, brushes and brush holderscommutators, brushes and brush holders


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Problems with scalar ControlProblems with scalar Control

At frequencies higher than the rated value,At frequencies higher than the rated value,

the constant V/Hz principle also have to bethe constant V/Hz principle also have to be

violated because, to avoid insulation breakviolated because, to avoid insulation breakdown, the stator voltage must not exceeddown, the stator voltage must not exceed

its rated valueits rated value


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WHAT IS VECTOR CONTROLWHAT IS VECTOR CONTROL

Vector control mode is defined as a controlVector control mode is defined as a controltechnique in which two equivalent control signalstechnique in which two equivalent control signalsare produced to control Flux and Torque inare produced to control Flux and Torque indecoupled Manner.decoupled Manner.

both the magnetic field and the torqueboth the magnetic field and the torquedeveloped in the motor can be controlleddeveloped in the motor can be controlledindependently;independently;

Optimal conditions for torque productions,Optimal conditions for torque productions,

resulting in the maximum torque per unitresulting in the maximum torque per unitampere, occur in the motor both in the steadyampere, occur in the motor both in the steadystate conditions and transient conditions of anstate conditions and transient conditions of anoperation.operation.


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Direct and IndirectDirect and Indirect

Direct MethodDirect Method

hall effecthall effect

transducers are usedtransducers are used

to obtain rotor fluxto obtain rotor flux

Indirect MethodIndirect Method

no directno direct

measurement is donemeasurement is done

but a largerbut a larger

computation is usedcomputation is used


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Typical hardware layout of FOCTypical hardware layout of FOC

systemsystem


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V/F CONTROLV/F CONTROL

Problems with scalarProblems with scalar

ControlControl

At frequencies higherAt frequencies higher

than the rated value, thethan the rated value, theconstant V/Hz principleconstant V/Hz principle

also have to be violatedalso have to be violated

because, to avoidbecause, to avoid

insulation break down,insulation break down,

the stator voltage mustthe stator voltage mustnot exceed its rated valuenot exceed its rated value


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SPACE PHASORSPACE PHASOR


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Clarke TransformationClarke Transformation


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PARK TRANSFORMATIONPARK TRANSFORMATION


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PHASOR DIAGRAM OF VECTORPHASOR DIAGRAM OF VECTOR

CONTROLCONTROL


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Flux Orientation MethodsFlux Orientation Methods

Rotor flux orientationRotor flux orientation

It gives a natural decoupling controlIt gives a natural decoupling control

Stator flux orientationStator flux orientation

It gives a coupling effect which needs to beIt gives a coupling effect which needs to becompensated by a decoupling compensationcompensated by a decoupling compensationcurrentcurrent

Air gap flux orientationAir gap flux orientation

It gives a coupling effect which needs to beIt gives a coupling effect which needs to becompensated by a decoupling compensationcompensated by a decoupling compensationcurrentcurrent


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PWM MERITS AND DEMERITSPWM MERITS AND DEMERITS

MERTSMERTSRelatively simple and robust Power circuitRelatively simple and robust Power circuit

Low Manufacturing CostLow Manufacturing Cost

Simple Voltage and Current Control techinquesSimple Voltage and Current Control techinques

DemeritsDemeritsMost PWM inverters operate at low and mediumMost PWM inverters operate at low and mediumswitching frequency levels; a reason for this is thatswitching frequency levels; a reason for this is thatsuch converters need to switch rapidly to minimizesuch converters need to switch rapidly to minimizeloss. Any attempt to increase switching frequenciesloss. Any attempt to increase switching frequencieswill also follow in an increase of switching loss and anwill also follow in an increase of switching loss and anincrease in the generation of electromagneticincrease in the generation of electromagneticinterference.interference.


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Speed ControllerSpeed Controller

e (n)e (n) = = nn** -- nn

Speed Controller takes speed error as inputSpeed Controller takes speed error as inputand output Torque Valueand output Torque Value

Types of Speed ControllersTypes of Speed Controllers

PI ControllerPI Controller

PID ControllerPID Controller

Fuzzy ControllerFuzzy Controller


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PI controllerPI controller

KK PP and Kand K ii areare

proportional and integralproportional and integral

gain parameters of thegain parameters of the

PI speed controllerPI speed controller

T (n) = T (n-1) * + KP [ re (n) - re(n-1) ] + K i re (n)


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PID ControllerPID Controller

T (n) = T (n-1) * +KP [ re(n) - re(n-1) ] + K i re(n) +

K d [ re (n) - 2 re(n-1) + re(n-2) ]


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Fuzzy Logic ControllerFuzzy Logic Controller


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ModellingModelling


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ModelingModeling


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The Concept of Space VectorThe Concept of Space Vector


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BLOCK DIAGRAM OF INDUCTIONBLOCK DIAGRAM OF INDUCTION

MOTORMOTOR


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INDUCTION MOTORINDUCTION MOTOR


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DOL STARTER MODEL INDOL STARTER MODEL IN

MATLABMATLAB


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SIMULATED STARTING

RESPONSE OF A 1HP MACHINE

0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0 .95 1-500

0

500S t a t o r V o l t a g e

Van,V

bn,V

cn

0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0 .95 1-2 0

0

20St a t o r C u r re n t s

Ia

Ib

Ic

0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0 .95 10

2000

4000S p e e d

W

m

0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0 .95 1-2 0

0

20T o r q u e

TL

TE

Time --->


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REVERSAL and RE-REVERSAL

1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1 .8 2 2.2 2 .4 2.6 2.8 3-500

0

500S t a to r V o l t a g e

Van,V

bn,Vcn

1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1 .8 2 2.2 2 .4 2.6 2.8 3-2 0

0

20S t a t o r C u r r e n t s

Ia

Ib

Ic

1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1 .8 2 2.2 2 .4 2.6 2.8 3-5000

0

5000S p e e d

Wm

1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1 .8 2 2.2 2 .4 2.6 2.8 3-5 0

0

50T o r q u e

TL

TE

Time --->


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Load Perturbations

3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4 4.2 4 .4 4 .6 4 .8 5-500

0

500S t a t o r V o l t a g e

Van,V

bn,Vcn

3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4 4.2 4 .4 4 .6 4 .8 5-5

0

5S ta to r Cu r ren ts

Ia

IbIc

3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4 4.2 4 .4 4 .6 4 .8 50

2000

4000S p e e d

Wm

3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4 4.2 4 .4 4 .6 4 .8 5-5

0

5T o r q u e

TL

TE

Time --->


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LITERATURE SURVEYLITERATURE SURVEY

F. Blaschke, The principle of field orientation as applied to the new TRANSVEKTOR closedF. Blaschke, The principle of field orientation as applied to the new TRANSVEKTOR closed--loop control forloop control forrotating field machines,rotating field machines, Siemens ReviewSiemens Review, pp. 217, pp. 217--220, 1972.220, 1972.G.Diana, R.G. Harley, An aid for teaching field oriented control applied to Induction Machines,G.Diana, R.G. Harley, An aid for teaching field oriented control applied to Induction Machines, IEEE Trans.IEEE Trans.on Power Systemson Power Systems, Vol. 4, no.3, pp.1258, Vol. 4, no.3, pp.1258--1262, Aug 19891262, Aug 1989James A. Norris, Vector Control of A.C Motors,James A. Norris, Vector Control of A.C Motors, in Proc. 1993 IEEE Textile, Fibre and Film Industryin Proc. 1993 IEEE Textile, Fibre and Film IndustryTechnical ConfTechnical Conf., pp. 3/1., pp. 3/1 3/8.3/8.W.Leonard, Field Oriented for Controlling AC MachineW.Leonard, Field Oriented for Controlling AC Machine--Principle and Applications,Principle and Applications, in Proc. 1988 Powerin Proc. 1988 PowerElectronics and variable Speed Drives ConfElectronics and variable Speed Drives Conf., pp.277., pp.277--282282B.K.Bose,B.K.Bose, Power Electronics and A.C DrivesPower Electronics and A.C Drives, New Jersey, Prentice, New Jersey, Prentice--Hall, 1986Hall, 1986

P.C Krause,P.C Krause,Analysis of Electrical machineryAnalysis of Electrical machinery, New York; McGraw, New York; McGraw--Hill 1986.Hill 1986.J. Murphy and E Turnbull, PJ. Murphy and E Turnbull, Power Electronic control of A.C Motors.ower Electronic control of A.C Motors. Oxford,U.K., Pergamon Press, 1988.Oxford,U.K., Pergamon Press, 1988.S.Yamamura,S.Yamamura,AC Motor for High Performance Applications, Analysis and ControlAC Motor for High Performance Applications, Analysis and Control, New York, Marcel dekker,, New York, Marcel dekker,19861986R.Krishnan,R.Krishnan, Electric Motor Drives Modeling Analysis and ControlElectric Motor Drives Modeling Analysis and Control, Pearson Education, New Delhi, India, 2003, Pearson Education, New Delhi, India, 2003J.W.Finch, Scalar and vector : a simplified treatment of induction motors performance,J.W.Finch, Scalar and vector : a simplified treatment of induction motors performance, in Proc. 1998 IEEin Proc. 1998 IEEvector control colloquiumvector control colloquium, pp2/1, pp2/1-- 2/4.2/4.C.C Lee, Fuzzy logic on Control System PartC.C Lee, Fuzzy logic on Control System Part--I,I, IEEE Trans. on Systems, Manual CyberneticsIEEE Trans. on Systems, Manual Cybernetics, vol.20, no.2,, vol.20, no.2,pp.404pp.404--418, Mar/Apr 1990418, Mar/Apr 1990

C.C Lee, Fuzzy logic on Control System PartC.C Lee, Fuzzy logic on Control System Part--II,II, IEEE Trans. on Systems, Manual CyberneticsIEEE Trans. on Systems, Manual Cybernetics, vol.20, no.2,, vol.20, no.2,pp.404pp.404--418, Mar/Apr 1990418, Mar/Apr 1990Hellendoom H. and C. Thomas, Defuzzifications in Fuzzy controllers, Intelligence and Fuzzy Systems, Vol.Hellendoom H. and C. Thomas, Defuzzifications in Fuzzy controllers, Intelligence and Fuzzy Systems, Vol.1, 281, 28--30 1996. pp. 10930 1996. pp. 109--123, 1993.123, 1993.B.N.Singh, Investigations on vector Controlled Induction Motor Drive, Ph.D dissertation, Dept. of ElectricalB.N.Singh, Investigations on vector Controlled Induction Motor Drive, Ph.D dissertation, Dept. of ElectricalEng., Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. India. 1995.Eng., Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. India. 1995.S.Ghatak Choudhuri, Analysis and Development of vector Control of Induction Motor Drive, Ph.DS.Ghatak Choudhuri, Analysis and Development of vector Control of Induction Motor Drive, Ph.Ddissertation, Dept. of Electrical Eng., Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. India. 2004.dissertation, Dept. of Electrical Eng., Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. India. 2004.

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