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Electric mobility policies in the North Sea Region countries

Jan Jacob Trip, Joana Lima and Sjoerd Bakker

Delft University of Technology 31 August 2012

Report written within the framework of Activity 3.3 of the Interreg IVB project E-Mobility NSR, file nr. 35-2-6-11

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Contents 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 5

1.1 E-Mobility NSR ........................................................................................................................... 5

1.2 Structure of the report .............................................................................................................. 6

2 Background ....................................................................................................................................... 7

2.1 Aim ............................................................................................................................................. 7

2.2 Scope .......................................................................................................................................... 7

2.3 Methodology ............................................................................................................................. 7

3 Electric mobility ................................................................................................................................ 9

3.1 Main characteristics of electric mobility .................................................................................... 9

3.2 International arena .................................................................................................................... 9

4 E-Mobility policy initiatives per country ....................................................................................... 12

4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 12

4.2 United Kingdom ....................................................................................................................... 13

4.3 Belgium .................................................................................................................................... 16

4.4 The Netherlands ...................................................................................................................... 18

4.5 Germany .................................................................................................................................. 20

4.6 Denmark .................................................................................................................................. 23

4.7 Norway ..................................................................................................................................... 24

4.8 Sweden .................................................................................................................................... 27

5 Comparison of e-mobility policies ................................................................................................. 30

6 Final remarks .................................................................................................................................. 35

References............................................................................................................................................. 36

Appendix ............................................................................................................................................... 40

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1 Introduction 1.1 E-Mobility NSR Electric vehicles (EVs) are currently being discussed around the world, especially in Europe and North-American but also in emerging economies such as China and India, as a promising means to increase the energy-efficiency and sustainability of today’s transport systems. To effectively promote and successfully diffuse EVs, it is crucial to identify the initiatives containing the most likely early adopters and to target development, marketing and policy measures towards these segments. Electric mobility itself is by no means a new concept: EVs first appeared in the 19th century, when they seemed to prevail over petrol and steam cars for some time. However, the current concerns about environmental problems such as air pollution and climate change have given a new boost to the development of electric mobility. As a result, numerous initiatives to stimulate electric mobility are being supported by governments, companies, universities, and private individuals. The project ‘North Sea Region Electric Mobility Network’ (E-mobility NSR) is one of several initiatives that aim to promote the coherent development of electric mobility in a broader region. E-mobility NSR aims to create favourable conditions to promote the common development of E-mobility and synchronize different initiatives in the North Sea Region (NSR), by fostering the diffusion of E-mobility and stimulating the use of public and private electric car transport as well as freight across that region. At present, several cities and regions in Europe and the North Sea Region are developing strategies and action plans to bring forth electric mobility. To achieve this objective, a range of different incentives are currently being developed throughout Europe to seize the potential of electric mobility, especially in terms of local and regional traffic. However, to date many of these activities are neither well synchronized nor aligned with one another, so that realization is actually confined to only a few cities or regions. As a result, many opportunities for further development and growth of this future key mobility sector remain unexploited. The project is being undertaken in the framework of the EU funded Interreg IVB North Sea Region Programme and runs from October 2011 to September 2014. The project is a partnership of 11 organizations from all seven countries in the NSR (Figure 1):

1) Hamburg University of Applied Sciences (D, Lead Partner)

2) FDT - Association of Danish Transport and Logistics Centres, Aalborg (DK)

3) Lindholmen Science Park, Gothenburg (S)

4) Delft University of Technology (NL)

5) WFB - Bremen Economic Development Corporation (D)

6) Høje-Taastrup Municipality (DK)

7) Northumbria University, Newcastle (UK)

8) Province of North Holland (NL)

9) Cities Institute, London Metropolitan University (UK)

10) ZERO – Zero Emission Resource Organization (N)

11) Flanders Region, represented by TransEnergy (B)

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Figure 1: The E-mobility NSR partnership.

1.2 Structure of the report The structure of the current report is as follows. Chapter 2 will provide a concise background to the report, discussing scope and methodology. Chapter 3 then briefly discusses the state of art and the expected development of electric mobility. Chapter 4 discusses policy initiatives per country. Chapter 5 provides a brief comparative analysis of policies in NSR countries. Chapter 6, finally, presents some conclusions and final remarks. A more extensive overview of policy initiatives than discussed in Chapter 4 can be found in the Appendix.

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2 Background 2.1 Aim The E-mobility NSR project aims to integrate, coordinate and synchronize the different strategies and action plans of the participating regions into a common network. The current report provides a starting point for this - one of several, for that matter - by providing an overview of the main policy initiatives on e-mobility that are being implemented in the NSR countries and regions. To a limited extent it also draws a comparison between these countries and regions. 2.2 Scope The current report is complemented by several other activities carried out within the E-Mobility NSR project. Most important to mention are:

a companion report on EU policies will be complied by Northumbria University, also within the context of Activity 3.3;

an analysis of policies concerning standardisation of charging systems will be carried out within Activity 4.3;

an analysis of e-mobility policies in freight transport is being carried out in WP7 of the project. In order to avoid unnecessary overlap, the current report does not focus on these issues. Rather, it focuses on:

policy initiatives such as strategies, action plans and financial and non-financial incentives (rather than ‘single’ activities such as limited research projects or study visits) aiming to stimulate and promote electric mobility;

the national, regional and local level, the latter limited to E-Mobility NSR partner cities;

passenger transport, or passenger and freight transport when combined. 2.3 Methodology The analysis in this report was based on two types of desk research:

web research: analysis of official websites from Institutions, companies, governments and other stakeholders, project websites, on-line press-releases, blogs etc.;

literature study: analysis of books, documents, reports, research studies and scientific papers. The web research has been considerable more extensive than the study of ‘hard copy’ literature, in order to gain an overview of policy initiatives as up-to-date as possible. Information was provided primarily by E-Mobility NSR project partners, mostly in the form of internet links to relevant sites or documents concerning policy initiatives in their respective cities, regions and countries. Beside the information provided by project partners, additional research was carried out were necessary. Again, this consisted of literature study and additional wed research.

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The above resulted in a large body of data on policy initiatives in NSR countries. This was structured by way of a number of relevant aspects such as scale, type of vehicles or infrastructure addressed and main actors involved (see Section 4.1). While a selection of most relevant policies is discussed more in detail in Chapter 4, the entire overview can be found in the Appendix. It must be noted, however, that also this more extensive overview in by no means exhaustive, considering the volatility of the electric mobility policy field.

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3 Electric mobility 3.1 Main characteristics of electric mobility The main characteristics that distinguish different types of electric mobility are the type of vehicles involved and the specific infrastructure used for charging. Type of Vehicle Electric vehicles, alternatively named ‘plug-in vehicles’, can be classified in three categories:

Battery Electric Vehicle (EV or BEV): vehicles which are fully powered by electricity from batteries that can be recharged via a connection with the electricity grid. Batteries may be charged while in the vehicle, of may be removed to be charged outside the vehicle (see below).

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV): hybrid vehicles with a petrol or diesel engine and an electric motor, plus a stronger battery pack, which can be recharged via a common household electric socket. The petrol or diesel engine may drive the wheels, but may also serve as a generator to charge the batteries (range extender).

Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV): vehicle combining a conventional petrol or diesel engine with an electric motor. The batteries that fuel the electric motor are recharged by regenerative braking or by converting energy from gasoline via the hybrid's internal combustion engine.

Infrastructure Charging stations, also called ‘EV charging station’, ‘electric recharging point’ and ‘EV supply equipment (EVSE). Usually connected within a network grid infrastructure based on electric energy, the EV Charging stations supply the energy for the recharging of ‘plug-in vehicles’. Charging stations can be divided in three types:

slow-charging stations, which are most common and able to recharge an EV in about six to eight hours.

fast-charging stations, which do the same job considerably faster, allowing an EV to continue its trip within 1 hour or less. Frequently fast-charging is tend to have a detrimental effect on battery quality battery.

swap stations, where batteries are taken out of the car and exchanged for fully charged batteries. The exhausted batteries are recharged outside the car. The Better Place system is the best known example so far. Battery swapping requires vehicles equipped with easily removable battery packages.

3.2 International arena The increasing importance of electric mobility is expected to continue in the next decades. This is reflected in the goals announced in the Electric Vehicle Initiative (Figure 2). Nonetheless, the International Energy Agency indicates a growing awareness of the urgent need to turn political statements and analytical work into concrete action (IEA, 2011a/b; 2012).

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Worldwide as well as within Europe, several organisations work to address the above challenge and stimulate electric driving. Most relevant here are:

the International Energy Agency (IEA)1, an autonomous international organization founded in 1974 in a response to the 1973 oil crisis. Established in the framework of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the IEA performs as a policy adviser mainly to its 28 state members but collaborates also with non-members countries (like China, India and Russia). Currently, the IEA is developing “a series of roadmaps for some of the most important technologies, needed for achieving a global energy-related CO2 target in 2050 of 50% below current levels” (IEA, 2011a).

The Implementing Agreement for co-operation on Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Technologies and Programmes (IA-HEV)2 is an international membership group, collaborating within the IEA framework and coordinated by the CERT (Committee on Energy Research and Technology). Formed in 1993, the IA-HEV aims to “produce and disseminate balanced, objective information about electric, hybrid and fuel cell vehicles”. The IA-HEV has 17 member states, including all NSR countries except Norway.

the World Electric Vehicle Association (WEVA)3 is an international organization launched in 1990, which aims to promote research, development and dissemination of electric vehicles. WEVA organizes the EVS world Electric Vehicle Symposia, the World Electric Vehicle (on-line) Journal and bestows the E-Visionary awards. WEVA consists of three regional organizations in the Americas, Europe and the Asia-Pacific respectively: the European Association for Battery, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (AVERE, see below), the Electric Drive Transportation Association (EDTA), and the Electric Vehicle Association of Asia Pacific (EVAAP).

AVERE4, the European Association for Battery, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles, founded in 1978 and based in Brussels, is a European network of users, NGO's, associations, interest groups, and others. Its main objective is to promote the use of all types of EVs by means of dissemination, networking, monitoring, participation in European and multilateral projects, lobbying, and research and development.

the Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI) from Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM)5 is a global forum to promote “policies and programs that advance clean energy technology, to share lessons learned and best practices, and to encourage the transition to a global clean energy economy”. The EVI is based on areas of common interest among participating governments and other stakeholders, aims a global cooperation on the development and deployment of electric vehicles. This initiative aims for the global implementation of twenty million EVs by the year 2020, including plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles (Figure 2).

the European Green Cars Initiative6 is one of the three Public Private Partnerships (PPP) of the European Economic Recovery Plan announced by the President of the European Commission on the 26th of November 2008. The objective of the initiative is to support R&D on technologies and infrastructures that are essential for achieving breakthroughs in the use of renewable and non-polluting energy sources, safety and traffic fluidity.

1 http://www.iea.org/topics/transport/electricvehiclesinitiative.

2 http://www.ieahev.org.

3 http://wevaonline.net.

4 http://www.avere.org/www/index.php

5 http://www.cleanenergyministerial.org/our_work/electric_vehicles.

6 http://www.green-cars-initiative.eu/public.

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Figure 2: Projected stock of electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles by 2020 based on country goals announced in the Electric Vehicle Initiative (EVI).

Source: Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) – Electric Vehicle Initiative, http://www.cleanenergyministerial.org/our_work/electric_vehicles/

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4 E-Mobility policy initiatives per country 4.1 Introduction Based on the desk research as described in Chapter 2, this chapter presents an overview of policy initiatives to stimulate electric mobility, arranged by country (from west to east). Table 1 presents some key data on the road transport in each country, indicating considerable difference in e.g. population density, number of vehicles and road network. Table 1: Key data on road transport in NSR countries (2008).

UK B NL D DK N S

area (km2) 244,820 30,528 41,582 357,111 43,094 323,759 449,964

population (million) 61.6 10.8 16.5 82.0 5.5 4.8 9.1 no. passenger cars (million) n.a. 5.4 7.5 41.3 2.1 2.2 4.2 no. vans/lorries (x 1000) n.a. 711.9 1,259.0 2,523.0 531.4 523.4 480.0 no. busses (x 1000) 114.0 16.0 11.3 75.3 14.5 23.3 13.6 road network (km) 419,997 153,595 135,470 231,194 73,197 92,869 425,383 motorways (km) 3,673 1,763 2,582 12,594 1,111 239 1,684

Source: European Commission: EU energy and transport in figures - Statistical Pocketbook, 2010, http://ec.europa.eu/energy/publications/doc/2010_energy_transport_figures.pdf . Factors that were taken into account during the desk research included spatial level (national, local, regional), objectives and strategies, policy measures involved, type of vehicle addressed (EVs, PHEV or HEV, type of infrastructure involved (charging stations or other technologies), and start and end dates. For each country two broad categories of policies are distinguished that are commonly part of E-mobility programmes or ‘policy packages’, namely: 1) Financial incentives, including

reductions on ‘vehicle taxes’ for low-carbon cars, for instance on VAT (Value Added Tax), VED (Value Excise Duty, or ‘road tax’), registration taxes or license fees;

rebates or tax credits on vehicles (often augmented by subsidies from the national government);

reduction of toll or congestion charges and parking fares;

discounts on recharging equipment and installation;

subsidies for R&D, ICT, forums, and other ‘know-how’ development. 2) Non-financial incentives, including

regulation/legislation;

dedicated and cheaper or free parking spaces in city centres;

exclusive (or shared with bus) EV lanes;

low emission zones (LEZ) – restricted areas for vehicles with low-carbon emissions;

expedited permitting and installation of EV supply equipment (EVSE).

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The next sections present a non-exhaustive overview of the most relevant policies and policy measures per country. A more detailed and extensive overview can be found in the tables in the Appendix. 4.2 United Kingdom In the United Kingdom the main efforts towards promoting hybrid and electric vehicles are being carried out through the UK’s Government, which expect to have 1,500,000 EVs on the road by 2030. The major initiative towards E-mobility, the Plugged-in Places (P-IP), is being carried out by the Office for Low Emission Vehicles (OLEV), a cross-government partnership that includes staff and personnel from the Department for Transport (DfT), the Department for Business, Innovation, and Skills (BIS), and also the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC).7 The P-IP programme aims to create a large charging infrastructure of more than 9,700 charging points in eight British regions, namely: London, Milton Keynes, the East of England, Northern Ireland, Central Scotland, Greater Manchester, the Midlands and the East of England. The programme started in December 2011 and will run until March 2013. It is part of the UK’s government Business Plan 2011–2015,8 which outlines five structural reform transport priorities to deal with carbon and roadway congestion. The actions specified towards this end are to:

develop a nationwide strategy to promote the installation of EV infrastructure, including a decision on whether to use an energy Regulated Asset Base and/or changes to planning/building regulations;

support the Plugged-In Places pilots program to encourage the establishment of electric vehicle recharging infrastructure across the UK and inform the development of the electric vehicle infrastructure strategy;

push for early European Union (EU) adoption of electric vehicle infrastructure standards;

consolidate existing support mechanisms for low and ultra-low emission vehicle research and development;

promote consumer uptake of ultra-low emission vehicles. At local level, the Electric Vehicle Delivery Plan for London is a major initiative. The plan, supported by the Mayor of London and Transport for London, runs between 2009 and 2015, sets out a complete strategy to stimulate the market for electric vehicles in London based on three key themes:

infrastructure - an extensive charging network across London. The target is to have 25,000 charge points by 2015;

vehicles - the objective is to have 1,000 EVs in the Greater London Authority fleet by 2015;

incentives, marketing & communication. The UK Coalition Government is committed to put in place the necessary policies to facilitate the decarbonisation of the road transport sector.

7 http://www.dft.gov.uk/topics/sustainable/olev/recharging-electric-vehicles/

8 https://www.sourcelondon.net/sites/default/files/Electric%20Vehicle%20Delivery%20Plan%20for%20

London.pdf

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Financial incentives The Plug-In Car Grant9 is a subsidy program for consumers created by the UK Government in 2011, which aim to enable the purchase of ultra-low carbon vehicles (EVs, PHEVs and HEVs). Under the program, qualifying ultra-low emission cars will receive a grant of 25% toward the cost of the vehicle up to a maximum of £5,000. There is a comparable Plug-In Van Grant as well. The Plugged-In Places (P-IP) initiative – mentioned in the previous section - has created electric car hubs through installing charging points in six key British cities or regions. P-IP represents a major effort in establishing a charging infrastructure. The Bus Service Operators Grant (BSOG)10 for community transport is a payment made to bus operators related to fuel consumption and offsets a high proportion (around 80%) of the duty paid on fuel consumed (about 1,000 per bus per year). The annual spend on BSOG is £436 million (2008/9). The Department for Transport has modified BSOG in April 2009 to provide greener buses through rewarding gains in fuel efficiency and the introduction of low carbon buses. A new call with a budget of £15 million (green bus fund) was launched in July 2010 by the UK’s Department of Transport. The Community Challenge11 is a yearly initiative, launched by the Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership and Energy Saving Trust, designed to “stimulate local action towards lower carbon journeys”. The initiative offers prizes of up to £5,000 for community based projects promoting at least one of three categories: low carbon vehicles and fuels; smarter/ eco driving; reducing car use. Projects can deliver physical improvements, equipment or technological developments as well as providing information or setting up a scheme to promote sustainable transport. Other national and local measures and respective financial incentives are illustrated in Table 2. Table 2: Financial incentives applied in the UK.

measures incentives

nat

ion

al

VED (Vehicle Excise Duty) Exemption (as tailpipe emission < 100 CO2/km) Company Car Tax Exemption for employees and employers (from income and national

insurance contributions) Van Benefit Charge Exemption for employees and employers (from income and national

insurance contributions) Fuel Benefit Charge Exemption Enhanced Capital allowances

100% first year allowance: for business

loca

l

London congestion charge 100% discount

Parking charges Exemption or reduced charge for EVs (provided by local authorities)

Source: IA-HEV Portal, http://www.ieahev.org/.

9 http://www.dft.gov.uk/topics/sustainable/olev/plug-in-car-grant

10 http://www.dft.gov.uk/publications/bus-service-operators-grant-bsog-for-community-transport/

11 http://lowcvp.org.uk/assets/other/Community%20Challenge%20Brochure.pdf

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Figure 3: Example of the UK fuel Economy label.

Source: http://www.dft.gov.uk/vca/fcb/point-of-sale-pos-so.asp.

Non-financial incentives Fuel Economy label12: the UK is one of the few EU countries having introduced a fuel economy label, developed by the Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership with support from the Retail Motor Industry Federation, the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders and the Government. This label is voluntary initiative for dealers and, helps car buyers easily assess the impact on climate change of

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http://www.dft.gov.uk/vca/accessibility/description-of-the-new-car-environmental-label.asp

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different cars based on a coloured scale (from green for lowest CO2 emissions, to red for highly polluting vehicles; see Figure 3). The colour-coded label is designed to provide information, for each new car, on

fuel economy (fuel use per mile/km);

fuel cost per 12,000 miles;

carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per km;

Vehicle Excise Duty (annual 'road tax'). Low Emission Zone (LEZ)13: Currently there are implemented in two cities (London and Norwich), and Oxford is planning a bus-related LEZ, to be implemented in 2014. LEZ are defined as “specific zoning schemas for vehicle usage to improve air quality”. The most polluting vehicles - that do not meet the LEZ emissions standards - are not allowed driving in the area and will need to pay a daily charge if used within the LEZ. To inform drivers that they are entering the LEZ, there are signs at the side of the road; there are no barriers or toll booths. A Nationwide advice service14 was already in operation providing domestic energy efficiency advice from 48 advice centres in the UK. After receiving EU funded TREATISE training, three of the centres began also to provide cleaner transport advice, in particular by cross-selling transport advice to people that called for energy efficiency advice. The projects have been successful. To date more than 31,000 consumers have received cleaner transport advice and there are now plans to extend the consumer transport advice service nation-wide.

4.3 Belgium Belgium is the European country with the highest number of cars per capita (Table 1, p.12) Approximately 500,000 new cars are registered (Statistics and Economic Information, 2008). More than half (57.4%) of the total passenger car fleet has been a diesel. The federal government plans to purchase and use electrically powered vehicles in order to stimulate the their implementation. In 2010 some steps were taken in electric mobility policy on the federal as well as the regional level. On federal level, the Belgian Platform on Electric Vehicles15 was created to inform and bring together all relevant stakeholders from the e-mobility field. Between 2010 and 2011, the platform organized several events. As a result of this, in 2012, the federal authorities started work on the National Master Plan for the promotion of electric mobility in Belgium, in consultation with representatives of the regions, departments and sector organizations. The master plan describes the barriers to electric mobility and discusses 13 areas of action with ideas for different measures, varying from financial incentives (for garage owners who buy an EV for training purposes) to new business models. Other measures include the location of public charging infrastructure. On regional level, the Living Labs Electric Vehicles was launched by the Flemish government in 2010 and will run until 2013. The program was established to facilitate and accelerate the innovation and adoption of EVs in the Flemish region through five experimental platforms (Volt-Air, Olympus, iMove, EV Reclab and EVA). The main goal is to “set up a structured real-life environment to allow representative end users to test innovations in their own living and work environment”.16

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http://www.lowemissionzones.eu/countries-mainmenu-147/united-kingdom-mainmenu-205 14

:http://www.nationwide.co.uk/home_energy_advice/energy_efficient_appliances/default.htm 15

http://economie.fgov.be/nl/consument/Energie/Duurzame_ontwikkeling/elektrische_voertuigen/belgian_ platform_on_electric_vehicles/ 16

http://www.livinglab-ev.be/

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At the local level, the city of Ghent is involved in several initiatives that focus on air quality policy and the development of sustainable mobility: Local Air Quality Plan, STOP, European Civitas project, the ‘Olympus’ and the ‘EVA’ platforms (from the Living Labs EVs mentioned above). Beside these initiatives, the city of Ghent give incentives (through subsidies) to individuals, taxi and courier services, and also to car-sharing organizations to purchase EVs17. The Local Air Quality Plan (2010-2015)18 includes fifty measures to ensure a healthier air quality, including the support by the municipality of ecological vehicles, in particular EVs or alternative powered vehicles. The plan also includes the development of a network of charging stations. Financial incentives Since 2002 the Belgian regions (Flanders, the Brussels Capital and the Walloon Region) are responsible for the vehicle tax base, tax rates and exemptions. Currently, car taxes in the three regions are fully aligned. Additionally, there is an agreement between the three regions that this status will continue. The basis for the classic car tax is increased according to the CO2 emissions. Special tax rules are in place to stimulate the business and residential markets to choose more environmentally friendly vehicles such as hybrid and electric vehicles. These are shown in Table 3. Table 3: Financial incentives applied in Belgium.

measures incentives

EV

120% deductibility of purchase cost of EV 100% of plug in hybrid with CO2 < 60g/km (for companies under corporate tax system)

Residential market : 30% of the purchase price for EV, with a maximum of €9,190 (via taxes, not directly from invoice) Lowest tariff of vehicle registration tax for EV, 0 tariff for EV in Flanders

In Wallonia additional incentive for the purchase of EV via a bonus-mauls system (up to €3,500)

PHEV 100% deductibility of purchase cost of PHEV with CO2 < 60g/km (For companies under

corporate tax system)

Charging Infracts.

Additional deductibility of 13.5% on the investment of charging infrastructure (for

companies under corporate tax system)

Source: IA-HEV Portal, http://www.ieahev.org/. An Ecology Premium19 is intended to be a financial incentive for companies that achieve environmental investments in Flanders. Since 2006 the Flemish Government provides a budget to ecology premiums for the installation of particulate filters for trucks with Euro I, II or III engine. In 2010 the ecology premium system was extended to apply to new technologies as well. In the transport sector this includes e.g. fuel cell system to power transport, EEV engines for heavy vehicles, charging system for electric or hybrid vehicles, refuelling infrastructure for CNG and refuelling infrastructure for bio-ethanol.

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http://www.gent.be/eCache/THE/1/47/960.html 18

http://www.gent.be/eCache/THE/1/56/269.cmVjPTE1ODQwMg.html 19

http://www.agentschapondernemen.be/themas/our-services

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Non-financial incentives Similar to UK’s example, Belgium has introduced a fuel economy label.20 This helps car buyers to assess the impact of different cars on climate change. It is based on a colour scale, ranging from green for the lowest CO2 emissions to red for the most polluting vehicles. Ecoscore21 entails a methodology developed to measure the environmental impact of vehicles. Results are collected in free accessible database with vehicle rates (ranking from 0-100 points with 0 points being the worst score). The initiative was developed by the Flemish Institute for technological research (VITO) and other partners, including the Vrije Universiteit Brussel. 4.4 The Netherlands Electric mobility plays a key role in the strategic planning of the Dutch government. In 2011 2,000 new electric vehicles were registered in the Netherlands. Further growth is expected, with 20,000 new registrations in 2015, and a total of about 1 million EVs and a 20% market share in 2020.22 The national Action Plan for Electric Driving23 is the major initiative of the Dutch government, carried out by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, which was implemented between 2009 and 2011. The objective was to make the Netherlands an international laboratory for electric driving through the implementation of nine demonstration projects. During two years, EV technologies were tested in real-world transport, learning by doing, demonstrating the EV’s possibilities and developing a business case. Another policy that affects electric mobility is the National Cooperation Programme Air Quality (Nationaal Samenwerkingsprogramma Luchtkwaliteit, NSL).24 Although the NSL has a rather braod scope, it also includes measure to stimulate clean mobility. Example are the aim to implement clean vehicles in the municipal fleet, or to include emission criteria in public procurement procedures for the purchase of cars by public authorities. On the regional level, HyMove25 is a project being developed the Arnhem-Nijmegen region (province of Gelderland). The project aims to stimulate the use and development of hydrogen in transportation, by bringing hydrogen to people's attention and developing a regional hydrogen infrastructure. At local level, several cities are involved in the abovementioned Action Plan for Electric Driving, including Amsterdam, The Hague, Rotterdam and Utrecht. Each one of these four cities develops own policy initiatives within the framework of the Action Plan. For instance, Amsterdam Elektrisch sets out measures to stimulate electric mobility in the city between 2009 and 2040. The aim is to examine private transport, public transport and freight transport by residents, local companies and visitors. The main short-term objectives are “to create an initial infrastructure of vehicle charging points, and to raise the visibility of electric transport – and its users – on the streets”, by introducing

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http://www.cleanvehicle.eu/info-per-country-and-eu-policy/member-states/belgium/national-level/ 21

http://www.ecoscore.be/en 22

http://www.cleanvehicle.eu/info-per-country-and-eu-policy/member-states/netherlands/national-level/ 23

http://www.agentschapnl.nl/en/node/110155 24

http://www.infomil.nl/onderwerpen/klimaat-lucht/luchtkwaliteit/nsl/uitvoering/ 25

http://www.hymove.nl/

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200 charging stations and 200 EVs between 2009 and 2012. In the long-term, the city expects to have 200,000 EVs and PHEVs vehicles on the road.26 To ensure the availability of EV facilities also on the regional level, the comparable Metropoolregio Amsterdam Elektrisch (MRA-E) was founded in 2011.27 The project will run until 2013. Participants are 36 municipalities, the provinces of North-Holland and Flevoland, the Metropolitan Region of Amsterdam and Rijkswaterstaat (Ministry of Waterways and Public Works). In October 2012 the MRA-E consortium and the national government agreed on a Green Deal.28 The Green Deal (2012-2014) contributes to existing policy objectives, such as the aim to implement hundreds of new charging points in the region in the next two years. Moreover, the Green Deal provides €300,000 of additional funding for MRA-E. Another local project is 's Hertogenbosch Electric Mobility,29 supported by the municipality and running from 2011 to 2020. The main objective is to achieve a minimum share of 10% of EVs, based on a regional objective of 200,000 EVs in the province of North Brabant. Financial incentives As shown in Table 4, Dutch national administration as well as some local and regional administrations offer various financial incentives to stimulate the purchase and driving of electric vehicles in the Netherlands. In addition, the national government “supports efforts by market parties, social organizations, and local and regional authorities resulting in a much larger overall funding that multiplies the initial government investment”30. The main activities of the national government itself in this respect are threefold:

the establishment of a Formula-E team with a robust and authoritative chairperson (until March 2012 Prince Maurits) and members from all industries that are indispensable for the successful introduction and roll-out of electric driving. The team's primary task is to spur market development and remove obstacles;

initiating a range of activities in the period from 2009 to 2011: (a) practical testing and demonstration projects, (b) purchase of EVs as a launching customer, (c) charging, energy, and other infrastructure, (d) research, development, and production of electric vehicles and/or components, (e) formation of consortiums and coalitions, and (f) implementing ancillary (mostly fiscal) policy;

facilitate, coordinate, and phase the market introduction of EVs in line with the national Action Plan and other relevant studies.

Non-financial incentives Communication programs are sponsored by the Dutch Government to promote the concept of ‘eco-driving’ for drivers of all vehicle types. The principles that underlie this fuel-efficient driving behaviour are incorporated in regular driving lessons. Fuel economy can be improved by 10 to 20%,

26

http://www.amsterdam.nl/parkeren-verkeer/amsterdam-elektrisch/amsterdam-electric/ 27

http://www.metropoolregioamsterdam.nl/20120509EV.html 28

http://www.noord-holland.nl/web/Actueel/Nieuws/Artikel/Regio-Amsterdam-sluit-Green-Deal-over-elektrisch-rijden.htm 29

http://www.s-hertogenbosch.nl/inwoner/milieu/luchtkwaliteit/maatregelen/ 30

http://www.ieahev.org/by-country/the-netherlands-policy-and-legislation/

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at low costs, mostly by behavioural measures. Eco-driving can play a role in extending the range of EVs as well (International Energy Agency, 2011). Low Emission Zones (LEZ)31, ‘Milieuzones’ in Dutch, are being introduced as an effort to improve air quality in cities. Such environmental zones have been introduced in some of the largest urban areas in the Netherlands (e.g. Amsterdam, The Hague, Leiden, Rotterdam and Utrecht) in order to restrict the entry of vehicles not classified as ‘environmentally friendly’ (particularly old diesel cars and large trucks). Thus, there are specific entry rules for vehicles on the basis of their emission characteristics. Table 4: Financial incentives applied in the Netherlands.

measures incentives

nat

ion

al

Registration tax Relief for purchasing commercial EV and recharging posts; Substantial bonus/registration tax reduction for PHEVs (depending on the energy efficiency label of the car)

Road taxes (VED) Exemption for EVs and PHEVs

Income Tax Exemption for company car drivers

National subsidies National subsidy schemes for innovative pilots

regi

on

al

Province of Noord-Brabant subsidies

Grants subsidies for innovative projects covering electric driving and smart grids

loca

l Amsterdam, Leeuwarden and Rotterdam subsidies

Grant (additional) subsidies for either purchasing EVs and/or recharging posts

Source: IA-HEV Portal, http://www.ieahev.org/.

4.5 Germany A recent survey shows that German car buyers have a strong interest in EVs. Of the potential target group for EVs, about 37% intends to purchase an EV within the coming years, while about 50% is ready to pay up to 4,000 EUR more for an EV compared to a petrol or diesel car.32 The German Federal Government is pursuing a sustainable transport policy. This means that transport is to be made environment- and climate-friendly, socially responsible and, at the same time, economically efficient. Concerning the national level, the major programmes fostering E-Mobility are called Modellregionen Elektromobilität33 (‘Model Regions Electric mobility’, 2009-2011). This programme incorporated eight German metropolitan regions (Figure 4) and was supported financially by the Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development (BMVBS). The overall coordination lied with the National Organisation for Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology (NOW). The funding came from the Economic Stimulus package.34 These model regions include two project partners of E-mobility NSR: Bremen-Oldenburg and Hamburg. These will be discussed here somewhat more in detail.

31

http://www.lowemissionzones.eu/countries-mainmenu-147/netherlands-mainmenu-88. 32

http://www.cleanvehicle.eu/info-per-country-and-eu-policy/member-states/germany/national-level/ 33

http://www.bmvbs.de/SharedDocs/DE/Artikel/UI/modellregionen-elektromobilitaet.html; see also BMBF (2012) 34

Economic Stimulus package: implemented by the federal government, in January 2009, to reduce the impact of the global financial crisis.

21

In Bremen-Oldenburg, important players in the field of electric mobility are the Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Applied Materials Research (IFAM), and the German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence investigated (DFKI). The main objective of the ‘Model Region Bremen-Oldenburg’ is “to connect to existing mobility options for low-emission inner-city and commuter traffic”.35 The most important means to achieve this is a Personal Mobility Centre (PMC), “which ensures the sustainable introduction of electric vehicles in the model region”. The scope of the PMC ranges from the integration of electric mobility in the existing public transport (PT) to the role of fleet owners and car sharing programmes. Charging stations will be installed at relevant public locations, but also the PMC also addresses charging facilities on e.g. corporate campuses and in private households. The ‘Model Region Hamburg’ focuses on “the use of renewable energies, non-discriminatory access to the charging infrastructure and the integration of charging stations in the urban environment”.36 The regional control centre of the project is the public company hySOLUTION. The main activities of this Model Region are based on multi-modal transport services in both public transport and individual transport. The concept brings together key stakeholders from the technology industry and EV users. Priorities are:

the testing of diesel hybrid buses on lines;

innovative energy storage systems for rail vehicles;

the use of electric cars and charging infrastructure building;

the use of electric vehicles in the traffic management.

The design of the charging infrastructure is based on the use of energy derived entirely from renewable sources. In 2012 a successor programme was introduces, consisting of Schaufenster Elektromobilität (‘Showcase of Electric Mobility’).37 The four Schaufenster projects are Lower Saxony, Berlin/Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria/Saxony. Financial incentives The National Development Plan for Electric Mobility (NEPE)38 was adopted by the German Federal Government in August 2009. It was developed jointly by four federal ministries and sets out a coordinated policy frame for the national instruments and funds that promote research and development, market preparation, and the market introduction of battery-powered vehicles in

Germany. A concrete elaboration of the NEPE can be found in the 2011 government programme for e-mobility, the Regierungsprogramm Elektromobilität.39 The National Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Innovation Programme (NIP) is being promoted by the Clean Energy Partnership with the support of the Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development. The programme “provides a common framework for a number of hydrogen and fuel cell research projects conducted by academic institutions and industry”.40 The public-private partnership (PPP) is scheduled to run for ten years.

35

http://www.bmvbs.de/SharedDocs/DE/Artikel/UI/modellregion-bremen-oldenburg.html?nn=36210 36

http://www.bmvbs.de/SharedDocs/DE/Artikel/UI/modellregion-hamburg.html?nn=36210 37

http://www.bmvbs.de/SharedDocs/DE/Pressemitteilungen/2012/055-schaufenster-emobilitaet.html 38

http://www.bmu.de/english/mobility/electric_mobility/doc/44847.php 39

http://www.bmu.de/verkehr/downloads/doc/47406.php 40

http://www.bmvbs.de/cae/servlet/contentblob/35410/publicationFile/1107/national-hydrogen-and-fuel-cell-technology-innovation-programme.pdf

22

Sustainable - and electric - mobility is also a strategic priority within the German High Tech Strategy 2020.41 This was first launched in 2006. It was renewed in 2010. The HTS aims to involve key stakeholders in order to stimulate innovativeness and competitiveness of the German economy. one of the explicit objectives it defines is to have a million electric vehicle in Germany by 2020. Finally, in May 2012 the government proposed to extent the tax exemption for electric vehicles from five to ten years.42 This involves passenger as well as freight vehicles. Figure 4: The eight German electric mobility regions.

Source: http://www.bmvbs.de/SharedDocs/DE/Artikel/UI/modellregionen-elektromobilitaet.html.

Non-financial incentives Privileged parking in cities is the principal non-financial incentives. Low Emission Zones (LEZ), ‘Umweltzone’ in German, are also implemented in many German cities, including Bremen, but not in Hamburg 43

41

http://www.hightech-strategie.de/en/350.php 42

http://www.spiegel.de/auto/aktuell/keine-kfz-steuer-fuer-elektroautos-zehn-jahre-lang-a-834800.html 43

http://www.lowemissionzones.eu/countries-mainmenu-147/germany-mainmenu-61

23

Another incentive are the car sharing initiatives which include elective vehicles, although not all focus exclusively on e-mobility. Examples are Car2Go, Flinkster, Cambio and for instance the E-Collection electric bike rental in Hamburg.44 4.6 Denmark The Danish population has relatively few cars – around 33% less per inhabitant compared with Sweden and Germany – mainly due to the high registration taxes on sales of new cars (survey of the EU funded Project ALTERMOTIVE). Moreover, a Nordic study from 2008 described that “new cars in Denmark and Norway since 1998 show a lower CO2 emission compared to Sweden and Finland”.45 However, the share of alternative fuels in passenger transport in Denmark is currently very low. Not very long time ago, from 2001 to 2006, “EVs were not considered a realistic possibility for future road transportation in Denmark”.46 Nevertheless, the recent success of hybrid vehicles and the new concept of plug-in hybrid vehicles have changed public opinion. In March 2012 the Danish government announced a new energy strategy aiming for a higher share of renewable energy in the Danish energy system. It aims, in particular, for a 50% share of wind power in 2025, which would be a strong combination with the implementation of EVs (International Energy Agency, 2011). In the long term, the objective is to become independent from fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. The EDISON project (Electric vehicles in a Distributed and Integrated market using Sustainable energy an Open Networks) is one of the most important projects worldwide promoting electro mobility. Started in 2009 and ending in 2012, the project is partly financed by the Danish government and focuses on the cooperation of public and private research organizations, international companies (like Siemens and IBM) and local authorities to “create an intelligent infrastructure to fuel a large fleet of electro vehicles on electric energy created by wind parks”.47 The developed technical solutions are real-life tested on the island of Bornholm. Choose EV is another project at the national level, being developed by the company with the same name and running between 2012 and 2014. In June 2012 Choose EV changed its name into Clever. The objective is to “create a strong synergy between environmental concerns and mobility by promoting electric vehicles and ensuring that they are charged intelligently”.48 This will be achieved through the implementation of charging points and by testing EVs by Danish citizens all over the country. A third national program involves Better Place,49 which runs between 2011 and 2012 and is carried out by the Better Place company, which specializes in battery swap systems. The goal is to develop and deploy EV services, systems and infrastructure (19 battery change stations and 20,000 charging stations). Better Place is also invloved in the ambitious target of the Danish government to increase the number of EVs from 200 in 2010 up to 100.000 by 2012. In August 2007, the Danish Energy Agency50 published a report on alternative-fuels for the transportation sector. It concluded that “in the long term, EVs have the potential for both the highest

44

http://www.deutschland-elektrisieren.de/mobility/ebike-vermietung/ 45

http://www.cleanvehicle.eu/info-per-country-and-eu-policy/member-states/danmark/national-level/ 46

http://www.ieahev.org/by-country/denmark/ 47

EDISON project: http://www.edison-net.dk/ 48

Choose EV: http://www.choosev.com/english/ 49

Better Place: http://danmark.betterplace.com/ 50

Danish Energy Agency: http://www.ens.dk/en-US/policy/danish-climate-and-energy-policy/Sider/danish-climate-and-energy-policy.aspx

24

energy efficiency and important advantages for the local environment, such as no local emissions and a very low noise level”.51 In addition, in April 2010 the Danish Energy Agency released an Electricity and EV report on the interplay between EVs and the electricity system, in relation to transmission, distribution, and CO2 reduction.52 The Danish EV promotion program53 began in February 2008 when almost all political parties in the Danish Parliament entered into a new Climate and Energy Agreement. As part of this agreement, the parties agreed to allocate 30 million DKK (€4 million) to promote demonstration programs for battery-powered EVs. The program is being administered by the abovementioned Danish Energy Agency. The Centre for Green Transport was established by the Danish Transport Authority in April 2009 to “create the framework for a Danish centre in the field of sustainable transport and to manage these initiatives”.54 Projects conducted by the Centre include a transport certification program for municipalities and companies, an energy-efficient driving campaign, and energy labelling of light commercial vehicles. DDK 200 million (€28 million) has been allocated specifically for “demonstration projects between 2010 and 2013 that promote environmentally aware and energy-efficient transport solutions, including test projects with alternative types of fuels, electric cars, electric buses, and electric trucks”. Financial incentives Battery-powered EVs and fuel cell vehicles are exempted from the registration tax and annual tax until the end of 2015. EVs are also exempted from the current Danish registration tax for passenger cars, which is very high (180%) and is based on the value of the car. Currently, there are no special tax rules for PHEVs. Non-financial incentives Free parking in cities is the principal non-financial incentive, mainly supported by the municipalities. Low Emission Zones,‘Miljøzone’ in Danish, were introduced in 2010 in Denmark. Currently, there are five urban areas with LEZ, Aalborg, Arhus, Copenhagen, Frederiksberg and Odense.55 4.7 Norway Norway is one of the countries that encouraged a change in the vehicle technology in recent years. At the end of 2010, Norway had perhaps the best recharging infrastructure in the world, and was the European front runner in terms of the relative number of EVs, which increased from 3,292 in April 2011 to 6,311 in March 2012, a 91% increase in less than a year (figures from Grønn Bil).56 Major automakers are launching rechargeable cars, and look at Norway as an attractive early market”. In 2007 the Norwegian government of Norway banned the use of the phrases clean, green, and

51

http://www.ieahev.org/by-country/denmark-policy-and-legislation/ 52

Electricity and EV report: http://www.ea-energianalyse.dk/reports/926_edison_introducing_electric_vehicles_into_the_current_electricity_markets.pdf 53

http://www.ieahev.org/assets/1/7/2009_annual_report.pdf (page 160) 54

http://www.centerforgrontransport.dk/DA/Groen-Transport.aspx 55

http://www.lowemissionzones.eu/countries-mainmenu-147/denmark-mainmenu-221/arhus 56

http://www.gronnbil.no/elbiluniverset/kart.php#zoom=4&tr=72.14173187862764,56.444 476074218 755&bl=55.70293210778397,-30.567242675781245&m=1&reg=0

25

environmentally friendly from all car ads and commercials” and thus “cars generally cannot do anything good for the environment except less damage than others”.57 The Green Highway58 is a collaboration project between Norway and Sweden, which aims to create a fossil fuel free transport corridor across Mid-Scandinavia by 2020. The project concentrates on the regions Sundsvall-Östersund and Trondheim. At national level, the Zero Emission Resource Organization (ZERO)59 is involved since 2002 in activities to reduce the emission of greenhouse gasses. During 2011 and 2012, this Norwegian environmental organization implemented a project that supported three charging stations for hydrogen vehicles (HEVs). ZERO also organized two pilot projects: the “Zero Rally 2012” – an annual rally for zero or low emissions cars (EVs, HEVs and PHEVs) that in 2012 will take place at the Green Highway, and “Driving the Impossible: Hydrogen cars unsupported from Oslo to Monaco”, a successful long-distance drive of 2,260 kilometres with an HEV. The project Grønn Bil (‘Green Car’) was set up by the association of Norwegian energy companies (Energy Norway, Nova Tran, Regional Authorities and ZERO) to “facilitate the introduction of 200,000 EVs and PHEVs on Norwegian roads by 2020”.60 By the end of 2010, the project was “slightly ahead of schedule”. It had achieved a visible presence in public spaces and had assisted nearly 40 municipalities assisted and other businesses with the transition to rechargeable cars. At regional level, the Electric Mobility Norway (EMN) project is being developed in the Kongsberg-Drammen-Oslo region. It is led by Kongsberg Innovation with the support of Trans-Nova and Buskerud County Council. The main objective is the “establishment of an innovation and knowledge arena in that region, essential to develop new solutions in close interaction with a population that is a world leader in the use of electric vehicles, as well as with public transport operators to address widespread communications challenges”.61 Financial incentives Norway has a long experience with environmental taxation.62 Taxes have been introduced to reduce environmentally harmful emissions to air and water, and to reduce the amount of waste generated. Taxation had in fact an environmental impact long before taxes were established as an instrument of environmental policy. Since the early 1990s tax instruments have played an important role in providing incentives for cleaner production and consumption patterns, even though regulation has remained the main policy instrument to prevent environmental damage. The budget for 2010 provided the government with suggestions for changes that make it more profitable to buy cars with low CO2 emissions (EVs and others).61 These are summarized in Table 5. In short, the Norwegian government has established a comprehensive fiscal incentive scheme to stimulate the purchase and use of EVs. This gives large reduction in the vehicle’s total cost, i.e. no VAT, no import duty, and reduced annual vehicle tax (390 NOK).

57

http://www.cleanvehicle.eu/info-per-country-and-eu-policy/member-states/norway/national-level/ 58

http://www.greenhighway.nu/index.php/greenhighwayenglish 59

http://www.zero.no/ 60

http://gronnbil.no/ 61

http://www.k-i.no/electric-mobility-norway/cms/19 62

http://www.cleanvehicle.eu/info-per-country-and-eu-policy/member-states/norway/national-level/

26

Non-financial incentives The Norwegian government has also established a comprehensive ‘non-fiscal incentive’ schema for EVs. This entails in particular:

free access to public areas;

free parking in public car parks;

free use of toll roads;

permission to drive in bus lanes and LEZ;

free use of domestic ferries.

Table 5: Financial incentives applied in Norway.

measures incentives

CO2 ‘tax’ (calculated on basis of vehicle type and CO2 emissions)

Vehicle Annual tax is environmental differentiated, i.e., Increasing of rates in the CO2 component by 100K) - exemption for low-carbon vehicles.

Registration tax: calculated according to weight, motor power and CO2 emissions (rates increased by 190k). The vehicles are classified by groups per CO2 ‘tax’ ( group A have the highest fees) and receive tax calculated as a percentage of this fee: Group A: 100% (Passenger cars, vans class 1, coaches (< 17 seats)); Group B: 22% (class 2 vans/ trucks (total weight< 7,501 kg)); Group C: 22% (camping cars); Group H: 40% taxis; Group J: 40% buses (< 17 seating places. Incentives to purchase ‘low carbon vehicles’, since EVs are exempted of CO2 ‘tax’

National subsidies For individuals: to purchase EV or HEVs class N1 and M1 (30,000 NOK);

For Companies: to purchase EVs – the funding is 50% of vehicle’s price; up to 50% are given to companies

To purchase/exchange a new/old more powerful battery system (for systems higher as 70Wt/kg 1.7 NOK per Wt)

For EV recharging stations - of about 100 million NOK (about 11.9 million EUR). New recharging stations are planned on public parking places.

VED (Vehicle Excise Duty, or ‘road tax’)

Tax-free allowance given for this tax (calculated as NOK/km) i.e. for trips to/from working places and for business trips is considerable higher for EVs. Reduction for companies: 75% for EV and 50% for HEVs

VAT (Value Added Tax)

Reduced tax for leasing of EVs;

Full exemption for purchasing battery systems (i.e. for the replacement).

Fuel Tax Municipalities have fees in limited geographical areas; National Gov. applies 25% VAT on fuel prices

Source: IA-HEV Portal, http://www.ieahev.org/. Low Emission Zones, ‘Lavutslippssone’ in Norwegian, have been implemented recently. The Norwegian Public Roads Administration has created a bill and a proposal for a Low Emission Zone scheme, which differs from most other LEZ schemes in that it is “independent of vehicle technology, but strictly connected to the weight classes and the emission standard described as Euro classes”.63 As cities in Norway today have tolling systems based on automatic number plate recognition (ANPR)

63

Low Emission Zone (NO): http://www.lowemissionzones.eu/countries-mainmenu-147/norway-mainmenu-197 and http://www.nordicroads.com/website/index.asp?pageID=369

27

and an elective electronic unit on board of the vehicles (OBU), the LEZ scheme will be based on this charging system. Meanwhile, the Norwegian LEZ scheme will claim OBU and prepayment. At the moment of this research, there were three cities (Bergen, Oslo and Trondheim) wishing to implement an LEZ, but operation was still uncertain. Another incentive entails the introduction of new emission regulation on the municipal level in 2011, which is in favour of electro vehicles.64 4.8 Sweden Since 2005 there has been a significant increase in the sales of alternatively fuelled vehicles in Sweden. In January 2011, there were 362,000 ‘eco-cars’ in Sweden, an increase from 279,000 at the start of 2010.65 During the year 2011, the sales share of private cars that are considered eco vehicles continued its increase from 38% to 40%. This might be an indication of the Swedish public’s great interest in climate change, but economic reasons such as high oil prices and financial incentives (for instance vehicle tax reductions or subsidies to purchase) might also play a part. Indeed, according to Clean Vehicle, “this can be partly explained by the introduction of significant financial incentives such as exemption from congestion charges in Stockholm”.66 At the transnational level, the Green Highway is a collaboration project between Norway and Sweden, already discussed in the previous section. Besides the Green Highway, charging infrastructure is available in many places, such as Stockholm, Malmö, Gothenburg etc. (see Figure 5). At the national level the major programme is FFI - Strategic Vehicle Research and Innovation67. This is managed by Vinnova (Swedish Agency for Innovation Systems), the Swedish Energy Agency (Energimyndigheten) and the National Road Administration (Trafikverket) and automotive Industry. The FFI was set to run between 2009 and 2012 and aims to support innovation and R&D on climate, environment and safety. The FFI comprises five collaboration programs: Sustainable Production Technology, Vehicle Development, Transport Efficiency, Vehicle and Traffic Safety, and Energy and Environment. Another national project is ‘Driven by the Wind’68, a project which started in the beginning of 2008 with the ambition to support and enhance the introduction of electrical cars driven by electricity provided by wind power and, therefore, to build an environmental friendly car stock in combination with the development of wind power and the car industry in Sweden. At the local level, in the city of Gothenburg two relevant initiatives were implemented. The Hyper Bus69 project, which began on September 1 and will run until 2014, is a partnership between the City of Gothenburg Traffic and Transport Authority, Göteborg Energi, Volvo and Västtrafik. The project can be divided into four sub-areas: demonstration of plug-in technology for hybrid buses, rapid-charge stations, tests in real city environments on existing bus routes, and the publication of results and experiences from the project.

64

Norway – ‘Regulation’: http://www.cleanvehicle.eu/info-per-country-and-eu-policy/member-states/norway/national-level/ 65

http://www.ieahev.org/by-country/sweden-on-the-road-and-deployments/ 66

http://www.cleanvehicle.eu/info-per-country-and-eu-policy/member-states/sweden/national-level/ 67

http://www.vinnova.se/en/ffi/ 68

http://www.powercircle.org/en/display/Projects/Driven-by-the-wind.aspx 69

http://www.hyperbus.se/engelskwebbplats/hyperbus/abouthyperbus.4.7f30c2451341eef1d c180002873.html

28

The second project in Gothenburg is ‘Move About’70. This project started in 2008, having the support of TSS - Test Site Sweden, THINK and Lindholmen Science Park. The project drives both open and closed car sharing services, for individuals and businesses. The business model is designed in such as way that key elements can be implemented in several cities in the world, i.e. independent of the specific local context of Gothenburg. Figure 5: Charging infrastructure in southern Sweden and Norway, and Denmark. Numbers in circles represent larger concentrations of charging points.

Source: http://www.uppladdning.nu/Map.aspx. Financial incentives Over the past decade, Sweden has implemented policies that reduce certain taxes and fees on ‘eco-cars’, including hybrids, plug-in hybrids and electric vehicles. Currently, the national government is considering additional measures to further encourage the uptake of these vehicles, such as the ones listed in Table 6. Non-financial incentives The Ordinance regarding official purchase and leasing of clean vehicles (SFS 2004:1364), introduced on 1 January 2005, states that at least 50% of the passenger vehicles purchased or leased by government authorities during a calendar year must be clean vehicles. During the next years this

70

http://www.moveabout.se/om

29

minimum requirement was increased gradually to 75% in 2006, 85% in 2007 and 100% in 2009. No information could be found on whether objective was actually achieved. The Obligation to supply renewable fuel obliges fuel stations that sell more than a certain volume of fuel to offer pumps with renewable fuels. This law is applied in five stages and came into force on 1 April 2006. It was estimated that by 2010, 70 percent of all refuelling stations in Sweden, and one hundred percent in Stockholm, would be required to offer alternative fuel. A Low Emission Zone, ‘Miljözon’ in Swedish, has been implemented in six cities in Sweden: Gothenburg, Helsingborg, Lund, Malmö, Mölndal and Stockholm.71 Table 6: Financial incentives applied in Sweden.

measures incentives

Vehicle tax 5-years tax exemption for EV and HEVs from annual vehicle registration tax.

subsidies for refuelling stations supplying renewable fuel

Since 2006, all large refuelling stations have been obliged to provide at least one renewable fuel. The majority of fuel stations have chosen to supply ethanol E85. This measure aims to stimulate the establishment of biogas fuel stations.

clean vehicle premium Between 2007 and 2009, the government introduced a rebate of 10,000 SEK to encourage individuals to purchase low-CO2 cars and alternatively fuelled cars. The rebate was available if car was kept for at least six months. A new clean vehicle premium of 40,000 SEK has been introduced for vehicles emitting less than 50 g CO2 per km.

congestion- tax A congestion-charging scheme applied in central Stockholm since the summer of 2007. A fee is charged during times of traffic congestion. PHEVs and EVs are exempt.

company car assessment value

Employees using clean vehicles have rebates on the ‘company car assessment value’, varying according to vehicle type: 20% for E85; 40% for EV, HEV, natural gas and biogas.

parking fees Reduced parking fees for ‘eco-cars’ in cities, supported by local authorities.

Source: IA-HEV Portal, http://www.ieahev.org/.

71

http://www.lowemissionzones.eu/countries-mainmenu-147/sweden-mainmenu-248

30

5 Comparison of e-mobility policies

It is now possible to make a comparison of the two types of ‘E-mobility policies’ (financial and non-financial incentives) between the seven countries. Table 7 presents a concise, non-exhaustive overview according to a number of characteristics:

level: policy initiatives on various levels of governance (local, regional, national etc.) have been taken into account. The table mentions the level which is prevalent, i.e. the level on which most relevant policy development takes place;

policies: the most relevant policies, financial and non-financial incentives adopted;

stakeholders: main actors involved in e-mobility Initiatives (e.g. national or local governments);

type of vehicle: types of electric vehicles (EV, PHEV or HEV) mainly addressed by the abovementioned policies;

infrastructure: the most common type of charging station (slow or fast charging), whether as isolated initiatives or a part of a smart grid.

Level Most prevalent programmes in most countries are at national level. This may be explained by the role of governments in transport policies and the implementation of National Plans (e.g., ‘Modellregionen Elektromobilität’ in Germany). Notable exceptions to this are Belgium and the Netherlands. Belgium is a country composed of three regions, each with a strong regional government and a relatively weak national government. Hence the regional level is dominant. The prevalence of the local level in the Netherlands cannot be explained by its administrative division, but by the role of several municipalities - most of all the cities of Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague and Utrecht - in the ‘National Action Plan for Electric Driving’. Policies The policies most commonly adopted by NSR countries entail financial incentives (taxes or subsidies). All seven countries are supporting e-mobility initiatives by, on the one hand, charging taxes to drivers of pollute vehicles, and on the other land; on the other hand, providing subsidies or funding to individuals, companies or R&D projects for the purchase or use of clean vehicles. Taxing is applied to the drivers of ‘dirty’ vehicles to make them ‘internalize the (negative) externalities’, i.e. to make them aware of and reprimand for the negative impacts (especially environmental) associated with the car use. This is the so-called ‘Pigouvian tax’ - a tax applied to a market activity that generates externalities, in order to correct the undesired market outcome. It can be applied when the costs of negative externalities (emissions, noise, unsafety etc.) are not compensated for by the benefits, i.e. the costs for the individual are less than the costs for society as a whole. The product thus may be considered ‘too cheap’ which may lead to overconsumption. Pigouvian taxing may be applied to compensate for this and cover the costs of negative externalities.

31

(*) ‘Green Highway’ – 94 charging stations with 240 charging points.

CHARACTERISTICS United Kingdom Belgium Netherlands Germany Denmark Norway Sweden

level (prevalent) national/local regional local national/regional national national national

policies (financial and non-financial incentives)

Exemption on taxes for employees; Reduced or free parking charge for EVs; ‘Fuel Economy’ Label; LEZ (in 2 cities)

Special tax rules for EVs and HEVs (private and companies) - to purchase and on VAT; Reduction on charging infrastructures.; ‘Fuel Economy’ Label; ‘Ecoscore’

0% taxes for leasing EV and PHEVs; special tax rules for EV and HEVs (total exemption of the registration fee and road taxes) – for individuals and companies; LEZ (in 14 cities)

Tax deductions to purchase and circulate(exemption in first 5 years); insurance deductions; bank loans; EV lanes; privileged parking in cities; LEZ (in several cities, including Bremen and excluding Hamburg)

Exemption on taxes for EVs - purchase and register (until 2015); free parking in cities; LEZ (in 5 cities)

exemption from all non-recurring vehicle fees, including sales tax, annual road tax, parking fees and toll payments for EVs. Electric paying & controlling system; new local law on CO2; no LEZ, but EVs can use BUS lanes

reduce certain taxes and fees on HEVs, PHEVs and EVs; incentives to purchase and leasing; incentives for drivers; hybrid and EVs are exempt from the Stockholm congestion charge; Reduced parking charges; LEZ (in 6 cities)

main stakeholders Dep. for Transport, Dep. of Business, Innovation & Skills, OLEV Transport for London, Mayor of London, Newcastle City Council, Hertfordshire County Council, One North East (until 2012), Technology Strategy Board, Low Carbon Network Fund

Federal Government (FPS Economy, S.M.E.s, Self-employment and Energy), Flanders Government, VITO, IWT, Flanders Drive

National Government, Municipalities (Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Utrecht), provinces (North Holland)

Federal Government Universities, German Association of Electric Mobility, car and automotive industries

Danish Government, Danish Energy Agency, Choose EV/Clever, Better Place

National and local government, Transnova, ZERO, Move About

Local government, Sweden Energy Agency, Vinnova, car and automotive industries

type of vehicle EV, HEV, PHEV EV, HEV EV,HEV, Hydrogen EV,HEV EV EV,HEV, PHEV EV,HEV

infrastructure charging stations; fast-charging stations

charging points, smart grid

charging stations charging stations charging stations; fast-charging stations

charging stations; fast-charging stations*

charging stations; * Green Highway, main cities

Table 7: Main characteristics of e-mobility policy initiatives.

32

Besides ‘punishing’ the drivers of ‘dirty’ cars, government may also decide to provide subsidies or funding to the drivers of ‘clean’ vehicles, since they contribute to the social benefit and reduce negative externalities. In this case, those who receive the benefit do not pay for it and the market may under-supply the product. Since electric mobility is still in an early stage of implementation, this is not yet the case. In general, all seven countries have a similar approach to financial incentives. However, there are small variations in the type and amount of taxes applied, as well in the subsidies. For instance, in the Netherlands and in Norway EVs benefit from a full exemption of taxes, while other countries only apply tax reductions or special tax conditions (e.g. Sweden). In addition, several governments for instance provide subsidies and funding to R&D projects aiming to stimulate the introduction and implementation of electric mobility, or premiums and other financial advantages for EVs and other clean vehicles. The most commonly applied non-financial incentive is the Low Emission Zone (LEZ). LEZs can be found, in various forms, in six of the seven NSR countries. The exception is Belgium. The Flanders region is thinking about the implementation of LEZs to decrease emissions, because “Belgium is not meeting EU air quality goals, action is necessary and urgent”. The EU Commission decided to refer Belgium to the EU Court of Justice when it fails to meet the requirements set by the Air Quality Directive (2008/50/EG). Research is being conducted to simulate the implementation of LEZs in Belgium and to assess their impact in the country.72 Another common non-financial policy measure is the reduction or exemption of parking fees in cities for electric vehicles. Stakeholders Stimulating and promoting electric mobility involves a diversity of policy fields, such as transportation, spatial planning, environmental policy and finance (taxation). Furthermore, different types of policy-making take place on various scale levels. This is reflected in the stakeholders involved in the policy initiatives discussed here. The main actors involved in e-mobility initiatives are national or local governments. This is no surprise considering their important roles in the field of transportation. Nevertheless a variety of other stakeholders may be involved, including provinces and other regional authorities, private companies (e.g. Better Place), knowledge institutions and branch organisation. As Table 7 shows, not the same policy level is prevalent in each country. National and local policies prevail, however, except for Belgium, where much policy-making capacity has been located at the regional level (i.e., in case of the NSR, Flanders). Type of vehicle The last two characteristics of e-mobility Initiatives considered here are the ‘type of vehicle’ and ‘infrastructure’ addressed. Table 8 provides a more detailed overview of this. With regard to the type of vehicle involved, it shows the development of the number of vehicles per year and vehicle type. Policies in the NSR countries address all types of EVs, with the exception of Denmark. In this country, policy is aimed exclusively on (pure) electric vehicles. Moreover, the number of EVs is still quite limited (only 360 EVs and 300 for testing) compared to other NSR countries. The first EVs are from 2004 and only in 2011 300 EVs were introduced, which are being used exclusively for testing. The Danish government itself seems to have been reticent with respect to electric mobility, preferring to wait for a wider acceptance before making large investments. However, the company Better Place is planning to introduce 100,000 EVs within the next two years.

72

http://www.metrans.org/nuf/2011/documents/Papers/Maes_paper.pdf

33

Most hybrid vehicles are found in the UK, the Netherlands and Germany. This type of vehicle is easier to implement than non-hybrid EVs, since they are less dependent on a dedicated charging infrastructure and resemble ‘normal’ petrol or diesel cars more than EVs do, most importantly in range. This makes them an acceptable option for a much broader target group. Norway counts most EVs per capita (3,392 in 2011). Although Sweden has the highest amount of ‘eco-cars’, these figures are hardly comparable because no distinction is made between EVs and other ‘clean’ vehicles. Germany and the Netherlands are the most ambitious countries in terms of the intended growth of the EV fleet, with an objective of 1 million EVs in 2020 and 2025 respectively. This may sound too ambitious, especially for the Netherlands, since the country is still far removed from this target - and significantly lagging behind Germany in this respect - and lacks the resources Germany has, not the least a large car manufacturing sector. Nevertheless, the example of Sweden (from 3,292 to 6,311 EVs only in one year) shows that a strong growth, although on a much smaller scale, is possible. Table 8: Comparison of ‘vehicle type’ and ‘infrastructure’ between NSR countries.

Vehicle type Infrastructure (charging Stations)

United Kingdom

2015: 100,000 EV (London) 2011: 1,300 and 80 hybrid 2012: 47 (Plugging into EV) 2013: 1,000 (Charge your Car) + 9,700 (Plugged-in Places) 2015: 26,300 (Source London and EV Delivery Plan) 2020: 8,500 (Making Connection)

Belgium 2011: 1,460 EV; 174 Hybrid; including 80 Hydrogen Buses

2015: 10,000 Hybrid+EV

2011: 13 + charging points in parking spaces near 34 railway stations (Plug and Ride) 2012: 71 (EVA) + 600 (BE.eV) 2014: Smart grid (200 to 1,000 houses) (LINEAR) + 300 (iMove) 2015: 10 (City of Ghent)

Netherlands 2011: 34,063 Hybrid; 2,142 EVs

2015: 20,000 EV

2020: 200,000 EV

2025: 1 million EV

2011: 300 (in Utrecht); 15 (Zen Car) 2012:200 (A’dam) + 1500 (E-LAAD) 2014: 300 to 1000 (Utrecht) + 1,250 (R’dam) + 10,000 (E-LAAD)

Germany 2011: 37,256 HEV, 5,613 EVs

2020: 1 million EVs

2011: 1,935 ( 896 for EVs; 2 Hydrogen)

Denmark 2011: 360 + 300 testing cars

2020: 200,000 EVs

2011: 850, including 150 fast charging points (Choose

EV/Clever) + 800 (Better Place) 2020: 150 fast-charge + 700 semi-public (Choose

EV/Clever) + 20,000 ( Better Place ) + 19 battery change

(Better Place)

Norway 2011: 3,292 EVs; 67 hybrid 2012: 6,311 EVs

2020: 300,000 EVs

2010: 2011: 2,666 EV; 6 biodiesel; 100 LGP CS; 9 Hydrogen fuel stations; (Oslo has 179 CS and 50 free parking & charging) 2012: 3,049, including 43 fast charging (Salto Power) 2013: 700+179 (Oslo) +50 free park &plug

2020: (Green Highway*); 2030: 400 (Oslo) Sweden 2011: 362,000 eco-cars

2015: 6,000 EVs

2020: 600,000 eco-cars

2010: 1,400 (including, 2 HEV and 90 gas) 2020: (Green Highway*)

*) ‘Green Highway’ – 94 charging stations with 240 charging points.

34

Infrastructure All NRS countries are investing in charging infrastructure. This is an important measure to increase e-mobility. Belgium has the least charging stations, around 700 charging stations in 2012. In contrast, Norway is again on the top with around 5,700 charging stations in 2012. The other NSR countries each had around 2,000 stations in the same year. The only countries that specify the type of charging stations are Denmark and Norway. Some countries choose to install ‘isolated’ charging points in various places such as at companies or in parking spaces; for example Belgium installed several park & charging points near 34 train stations. Other countries aim to build an entire network, the ‘smart grid’; an example is the ‘Green Highway’ between Norway and Sweden. This network option has the advantage of providing EV drivers with multiple charging point, which probably also makes it easier to attract new users of electric mobility. Stand-alone charging points are often initiated by companies or e.g. municipalities, who own their own fleet of EVs. Nevertheless, these stand-alone projects are relevant as well, particularly in the current stage of development in which most e-mobility projects are in a preliminary phase, and it is important to have sufficient testing and demonstration projects. Regarding further investments in charging infrastructure, the United Kingdom and Denmark are the countries planning a high number of charging stations (33,500 and 20,000 respectively), followed by the Netherlands (10,000). Belgium has proposed a smart grid to cover 200 up to 1,000 houses, but no further investments are being mentioned. Norway mention a future need of 10,000 charging points, but does not state an explicit policy aim. Despite this, Norway so far is the country with the best results in terms of numbers of EVs and recharging infrastructure, and has a balanced set of policies focusing on both. In comparison, Denmark and Belgium are somewhat lagging behind, but particularly in Denmark this will be compensated for by planned investments.

35

6 Final remarks The overview of policy initiatives presented in the current report cannot be exhaustive, if only because of the topical and volatile nature of the policy field of electric mobility. Nonetheless, the preceding chapters indicate that all seven countries within the North Sea Region - the UK, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Norway and Sweden - have embraced electric mobility and are undertaking considerable efforts to stimulate and promote the concept. To effectively implement electric mobility, it seems important that policies adopt a comprehensive approach, including various types of vehicles and charging modes. This implies involving various groups of stakeholders such as policy-makers, the automotive industry, the energy sector, knowledge institutions, fleet owners and, last but certainly not least, EV drivers. The interests of the latter group are of particular importance if electric mobility is to become a success. This is partly a matter of facilitating the provision of charging infrastructure, but in relation to this there is a psychological factor involved when it comes to overcoming ‘range anxiety’ - the fear of many EV drivers to become stranded with empty batteries, particularly in remote or inconvenient places such as motorways. Providing a network of charging facilities and real-time data about their location and availability is essential to ease range anxiety. The above is much more the case for ‘purely’ electric vehicles than for hybrid cars with range extenders, which can rely on the present network of fuel stations, or even for fuel cell (hydrogen) cars, which have a larger range than battery-powered EVs. It is likely, therefore, that these vehicle types will be more easily accepted by the market, and are attractive to a much broader group of potential users, at least until improved battery technology becomes available which would enable longer ranges and shorter charging times. Depending on market and technological development, ‘pure’ electric vehicles may to a large extent be confined to niche markets such as urban or inner city transportation, or fleet owners such as municipalities and firms who operate in a limited area and can operate their own charging facilities. Many current policies seem to focus on electric vehicles rather than fuel cell cars. Nevertheless, this has been different in the recent past, and the fuel cell car is likely to gain attention again once production models enter the consumer market. A question that arises is whether policies should be technology-specific - focusing on the technology of battery-power vehicles - or technology-neutral - focusing on ‘neutral’ criteria such as CO2 emission. This question is most relevant regarding incentives such as subsidies, tax exemption or free parking, but it may be asked as well with respect to the role of public authorities in for instance the provision of charging or refuelling infrastructure. In view of the above reflections the project E-Mobility NSR proves its relevance. It has adopted the abovementioned comprehensive approach. It focuses on EVs as well as charging infrastructure, and it does so on a higher level of aggregation than was customary so far. The latter may contribute to the prevention of range anxiety also among EV drivers that do not confine themselves to urban areas. Moreover, by the implementation of electric mobility information centres in various cities the project strongly focuses on the users of EVs. Nevertheless, the questions of which markets and target groups EV would be competitive in, and the dilemma of technology-specific versus technology-neutral policies deserve lasting attention.

36

References Literature

BMBF [Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung] (2012): Modellregionen Elektromobilität . BMBF, Bonn [obtained from http://www.bmbf.de/].

IEA [International Energy Agency] (2011a): Technology roadmap - electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. IEA, Paris.

IEA [International Energy Agency] (2011b): Hybrid and electric vehicles - the electric drive plugs in. IEA, Paris.

IEA [International Energy Agency] (2012): Hybrid and electric vehicles - the electric drive captures the imagination. IEA, Paris.

IEA [International Energy Agency], RMI [Rocky Mountain Institute], C40 cities, EVI [Electric Vehicles Initiative] (2012). EV CITY Casebook. IEA/RMI/C40 Cities/EVI, Paris/Boulder CO/London.

Websites The following websites have been consulted between March and July 2012: E-mobility (general)

E-mobility NSR: http://e-mobility-nsr.eu/

International Energy Agency (IEA): http://www.iea.org/topics/transport/electricvehiclesinitiative

IA – HEV: http://www.ieahev.org

World Electric Vehicle Association: http://wevaonline.net /

AVERE (European Association for Battery, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles): http://www.avere.org/www/index.php

Clean Vehicle Europe: http://www.cleanvehicle.eu/info-per-country-and-eu-policy

Clean Energy Ministerial (Electric Vehicles Initiative): http://www.cleanenergyministerial.org/our_work/electric_vehicles /

European Green Cars Initiative: http://www.green-cars-initiative.eu/public/

European Commission “EU Energy and Transport in figures”: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/publications/doc/2010_energy_transport_figures.pdf (source used for ‘indicators’ of each country)

European Commission: http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/transport/vehicles/

Transport Research & Innovation portal: http://www.transport-research.info/web/countryprofiles/index.cfm

Forbes: http://www.forbes.com/sites/justingerdes/2012/05/11/the-global-electric-vehicle-movement-best-practices-from-16-cities/

Office of Science & Technology | Embassy of Austria (Washington DC, USA): http://www.ostina.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4618:electric-mobility-policy-framing-in-the-usa-and-europe-a-snap-shot&catid=333:feature-articles&Itemid=1253

United kingdom

Plugged-in Places: http://www.dft.gov.uk/topics/sustainable/olev/recharging-electric-vehicles/

37

Business Plan: http://www.dft.gov.uk/publications/dft-business-plan

EV Delivery Plan for London: https://www.sourcelondon.net/sites/default/files/Electric%20Vehicle%20Delivery%20Plan%20for%20London.pdf

Plug-in Car Grant: http://www.dft.gov.uk/topics/sustainable/olev/plug-in-car-grant

BSOG: http://www.dft.gov.uk/publications/bus-service-operators-grant-bsog-for-community-transport

Community Challenge: http://lowcvp.org.uk/assets/other/Community%20Challenge%20Brochure.pdf

“Fuel Economy” label: http://www.dft.gov.uk/vca/accessibility/description-of-the-new-car-environmental-label.asp

Low Emission Zone: http://www.lowemissionzones.eu/countries-mainmenu-147/united-kingdom-mainmenu-205

Nationwide Advice service: http://www.nationwide.co.uk/home_energy_advice/energy_efficient_appliances/default.htm

Belgium

BELGIUM - ‘Status Quo’: http://www.cleanvehicle.eu/info-per-country-and-eu-policy/member-states/belgium/national-level

Belgian Platform on EVs: http://economie.fgov.be/nl/consument/Energie/Duurzame_ontwikkeling/elektrische_voertuigen/belgian_platform_on_electric_vehicles

Living Labs EVs: http://www.livinglab-ev.be/

Civitas: http://www.gent.be/eCache/THE/1/47/960.html

Local Air Quality Plan: http://www.gent.be/eCache/THE/1/56/269.cmVjPTE1ODQwMg.htm l

Ecology Premium: http://www.agentschapondernemen.be/themas/our-services

“Fuel Economy” label: http://www.cleanvehicle.eu/info-per-country-and-eu-policy/member-states/belgium/national-level /

‘Ecoscore’: http://www.ecoscore.be/en

Study on “LEZ in Europe” (Univ. of Antwerp): http://www.metrans.org/nuf/2011/documents/Papers/Maes_paper.pdf

The Netherlands

NETHERLANDS - ‘Status Quo’: http://www.cleanvehicle.eu/info-per-country-and-eu-policy/member-states/netherlands/national-level/

Action Plan for Electric Driving: http://www.agentschapnl.nl/en/node/110155

HyMove: http://www.hymove.nl/

‘Amsterdam Elektrisch’: http://www.amsterdam.nl/parkeren-verkeer/amsterdam-elektrisch/amsterdam-electric/

's Hertogenbosch Electric Mobility: http://www.s-hertogenbosch.nl/inwoner/milieu/luchtkwaliteit/maatregelen/

E-mobility Policies: http://www.ieahev.org/by-country/the-netherlands-policy-and-legislation/

NSL: http://www.infomil.nl/onderwerpen/klimaat-lucht/luchtkwaliteit/nsl/uitvoering/

Low Emission Zone: http://www.lowemissionzones.eu/countries-mainmenu-147/netherlands-mainmenu-88

MRA Elektrisch: http://www.metropoolregioamsterdam.nl/20120509EV.html

Green Deal: http://www.noord-holland.nl/web/Actueel/Nieuws/Artikel/Regio-Amsterdam-sluit-Green-Deal-over-elektrisch-rijden.htm

38

Germany

GERMANY – ‘Status Quo’: http://www.cleanvehicle.eu/info-per-country-and-eu-policy/member-states/germany/national-level/

Tax exemption: http://www.spiegel.de/auto/aktuell/keine-kfz-steuer-fuer-elektroautos-zehn-jahre-lang-a-834800.html

Modellregionen Elektromobilität: http://www.bmvbs.de/SharedDocs/DE/Artikel/UI/modellregionen-elektromobilitaet.html and http://www.bmvbs.de/SharedDocs/DE/Pressemitteilungen/2012/055-schaufenster-emobilitaet.html

Economic Stimulus package: http://www.bundesregierung.de/Content/DE/Magazine/MagazinWirtschaftFinanzen/066/sa-konjunkturpaketII-1.html

Regierungsprogramm Elektromobilität: http://www.bmu.de/verkehr/downloads/doc/47406.php

Model Region Bremen-Oldenburg: http://www.bmvbs.de/SharedDocs/DE/Artikel/UI/modellregion-bremen-oldenburg.html?nn=36210

Model Region Hamburg: http://www.bmvbs.de/SharedDocs/DE/Artikel/UI/modellregion-hamburg.html?nn=36210

E-bike rental: http://www.deutschland-elektrisieren.de/mobility/ebike-vermietung/

High Tech Strategy: http://www.hightech-strategie.de/en/350.php

National Development Plan for Electric Mobility: http://www.bmu.de/english/mobility/electric_mobility/doc/44847.php

National Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Innovation Programme: http://www.bmvbs.de/cae/servlet/contentblob/35410/publicationFile/1107/national-hydrogen-and-fuel-cell-technology-innovation-programme.pdf

Low Emission Zone: http://www.lowemissionzones.eu/countries-mainmenu-147/germany-mainmenu-61

Elektromobilitaet http://www.elektromobilitaet.fraunhofer.de/Images/4-435_Peters_tcm243-94222.pdf

E-mobility http://pt.scribd.com/doc/39878477/Electric-Mobility#download

Öko-Institut e.V.: http://www.oeko.de/press/press_releases/dok/1309.php Denmark

DENMARK - ‘Status Quo’: http://www.cleanvehicle.eu/info-per-country-and-eu-policy/member-states/danmark/national-level/

E-mobility: http://www.ieahev.org/by-country/denmark/

EDISON project: http://www.edison-net.dk/

Choose EV/Clever: http://www.choosev.com/english/

Better Place: http://danmark.betterplace.com/

Danish Energy Agency: http://www.ens.dk/en-US/policy/danish-climate-and-energy-policy/Sider/danish-climate-and-energy-policy.aspx

E-mobility policies: http://www.ieahev.org/by-country/denmark-policy-and-legislation/

Electricity and EV report: http://www.ea-energianalyse.dk/reports/926_edison_introducing_electric_vehicles_into_the_current_electricity_markets.pdf

Danish EV promotion program: http://www.ieahev.org/assets/1/7/2009_annual_report.pdf

ERA-Net Transport: http://www.transport-era.net/action-groups/ent-19-electric-mobility.html

Centre for Green Transport: http://www.centerforgrontransport.dk/DA/Groen-Transport.aspx

39

Low Emission Zones: http://www.lowemissionzones.eu/countries-mainmenu-147/denmark-mainmenu-221/arhus

Norway

NORWAY - ‘Status Quo’: http://www.cleanvehicle.eu/info-per-country-and-eu-policy/member-states/norway/national-level/

Stats on EV – source GRONNBIL: http://www.gronnbil.no/elbiluniverset/kart.php#zoom=4&tr=72.14173187862764,56.444476074218755&bl=55.70293210778397,-30.567242675781245&m=1&reg=0

Green Highway: http://www.greenhighway.nu/index.php/greenhighwayenglish

ZERO: http://www.zero.no/

Grønn Bil: http://gronnbil.no/

E-Mobility Norway: http://www.k-i.no/electric-mobility-norway/cms/19

NORWAY- ‘Fiscal Incentives’: http://www.cleanvehicle.eu/info-per-country-and-eu-policy/member-states/norway/national-level/

Low Emission Zone: LEZ (http://www.lowemissionzones.eu/countries-mainmenu-147/norway-mainmenu-197)

NORDIC (http://www.nordicroads.com/website/index.asp?pageID=369)

NORWAY – ‘Regulation’: http://www.cleanvehicle.eu/info-per-country-and-eu-policy/member-states/norway/national-level/

Sweden

SWEDEN - ‘Status Quo’: http://www.cleanvehicle.eu/info-per-country-and-eu-policy/member-states/sweden/national-level/

Source IA-HEV: http://www.ieahev.org/by-country/sweden-on-the-road-and-deployments/

FFI: http://www.vinnova.se/en/ffi/

Driven By the Wind” project: http://www.powercircle.org/en/display/Projects/Driven-by-the-wind.aspx

Hyper Bus: http://www.hyperbus.se/engelskwebbplats/hyperbus/abouthyperbus .4.7f30c2451341eef1dc180002873.html

Move About: http://www.moveabout.se/om

Low Emission Zone: http://www.lowemissionzones.eu/countries-mainmenu-147/sweden-mainmenu-248

Map of charging points: http://www.uppladdning.nu/Map.aspx Other Additional information has been provided by e-mail and face-to-face contact by the project partners of the E-mobility NSR project.

40

Appendix The next pages present an overview of policy initiatives per country. These table provided the basis for the description of policy intiatives in Chapter 4 and 5.

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ob

ilit

y va

lue

ch

ain

. Th

e p

latf

orm

has

be

en

pre

par

ing

Be

lgiu

m’s

mas

ter

pla

n f

or

ele

ctri

c m

ob

ilit

y an

d a

nat

ion

al

road

map

.

2011

Livi

ng

Lab

s El

ect

ric

Ve

hic

les

Re

gio

nal

(Fle

mis

h

Re

gio

n)

Fle

mis

h G

ove

rnm

en

t, IW

T -

Age

ncy

fo

r In

no

vati

on

by

Scie

nce

an

d T

ech

no

logy

, 5

pla

tfo

rms

(Vo

lt-A

ir,

Oly

pu

ms,

iMo

ve, E

V

Re

clab

an

d E

VA

) +

mo

re

than

70

com

pan

ies

faci

lita

te a

nd

acc

ele

rate

th

e in

no

vati

on

an

d a

do

pti

on

of

ele

ctri

c

veh

icle

s in

th

e F

lem

ish

re

gio

n. T

he

cal

l was

lau

nch

ed

in la

te 2

010

wit

h t

he

aim

of

sett

ing

up

a s

tru

ctu

red

re

al-l

ife

en

viro

nm

en

t in

wh

ich

inn

ova

tio

ns

can

be

te

ste

d b

y re

pre

sen

tati

ve e

nd

use

rs in

the

ir o

wn

livi

ng

and

wo

rkin

g e

nvi

ron

me

nt.

Five

dif

fere

nt

pla

tfo

rms

we

re a

pp

rove

d in

201

1 w

ith

a t

ota

l

fun

din

g o

f €

16.2

5 m

illi

on

. Mo

re t

han

70

com

pan

ies,

org

aniz

atio

ns,

an

d r

ese

arch

par

tne

rs a

re w

ork

ing

toge

the

r. T

he

Livi

ng

Lab

s El

ect

ric

Ve

hic

les

wil

l ru

n f

or

3 ye

ars

and

are

exp

ect

ed

to g

ive

an

ext

ra b

oo

st t

o d

eve

lop

, te

st, a

nd

imp

lem

en

t n

ew

pro

du

cts

and

se

rvic

es

on

e-m

ob

ilit

y.

2010

-201

3

LIN

EAR

: Lo

cal

Inte

llig

en

t

Ne

two

rks

and

Ene

rgy

Act

ive

Re

gio

ns

LIN

EAR

pil

ot

stu

dy

con

sist

s

of

3 p

has

es

-

fie

ldte

st a

t

resi

de

nti

al,

dis

tric

t an

d

regi

on

al le

vel

Re

gio

nal

Sup

po

rt: F

lem

ish

Go

vern

.;

20 P

artn

ers

: Fle

mis

h

Ind

ust

ry a

nd

re

sear

ch

inst

itu

tes

(K.U

. Le

uve

n,

VIT

O, E

IT K

IC In

no

Ene

rgy)

;

Syn

erg

ie w

ith

IWT

call

fo

r

"Liv

ing

Lab

s"

Smar

t e

ne

rgy

sup

ply

in F

lan

de

rs; F

ield

test

wh

ere

"d

em

and

sid

e

man

age

me

nt"

wil

l be

de

mo

nst

rate

d o

n a

re

sid

en

tial

an

d d

istr

ict

leve

l

Evs

smar

t gr

id (

200

to

1000

ho

use

s)20

09-2

014

Loca

l Air

Qu

alit

y

Pla

n

Loca

l (ci

ty

of

Gh

en

t)C

ity

of

Gh

en

t

Fift

y m

eas

ure

s, in

clu

din

g th

e p

rom

oti

on

of

eco

logi

cal v

eh

icle

s,

to e

nsu

re a

he

alth

ier

air

in G

he

nt.

Th

e p

lan

co

nta

ins

spe

cifi

c

me

asu

res

for

the

tra

nsp

ort

, ho

use

ho

lds

and

ind

ust

ry. I

n

add

itio

n, m

eas

ure

s ar

e p

rop

ose

d in

te

rms

of

spat

ial p

lan

nin

g.

the

Cit

y o

f G

he

nt

sub

sid

ies

to w

ho

m p

urc

has

e a

n e

lect

ric

bic

ycle

,

tric

ycle

, sco

ote

r o

r ca

rEv

sch

argi

ng

po

ints

(10

)20

10-2

015

SPA

RC

: Sm

art

Plu

g-

in A

uto

mo

bil

e

Re

ne

wab

le

Ch

argi

ng

Serv

ice

s

Loca

l (ci

ty

of

Bru

ges)

IBB

T (I

nte

rdis

cip

lin

ary

Inst

itu

te f

or

Bro

adb

and

Tech

no

logy

) +

Par

tne

rs

(Acr

eo

AB

, De

uts

che

Tele

kom

, Eri

csso

n, V

ITO

nv,

So

ny,

Inte

rpar

kin

g,

Ath

lon

Car

Le

ase

, REs

tore

,

Stad

Bru

gge

, K.U

.Le

uve

n

ESA

T-EL

ECTA

, Eu

rop

ese

Co

mm

issi

e, e

uro

pe

an

cen

ter

for

info

rmat

ion

an

d

com

mu

nic

atio

n

tech

no

logi

es)

; Syn

erg

ie

wit

h IW

T ca

ll f

or

"Liv

ing

Lab

s"

Focu

s o

n c

har

gin

g in

fras

tru

ctu

re o

n p

arki

ng

spo

ts a

nd

th

e

bu

sin

ess

mo

de

ls n

ee

de

d b

eh

ind

it; d

em

on

stra

tio

n o

f th

e p

roo

f-

of-

con

cep

t at

a p

arki

ng

in t

he

cit

y o

f B

ruge

s

Ch

argi

ng

po

ints

2011

-201

2

ESTO

: "En

erg

y

Sto

rage

"

regi

on

al

(Fla

nd

ers

)

VIT

O a

nd

Fla

nd

ers

auto

mo

tive

R&

D (

Flan

de

rs'

DR

IVE,

Em

rol,

PEC

,

Psi

Co

ntr

ol,

Pu

nch

Po

we

rtra

in, V

UB

, Tri

ph

ase

,

Um

ico

re, V

DL

Jon

ckh

ee

re)

Focu

s o

n L

i-b

atte

rie

s fo

r p

asse

nge

r ca

rs a

nd

bu

ses,

so

mo

re

com

po

ne

nt

leve

l re

sear

ch p

roje

ct.

The

bat

tery

pac

k co

nsi

sts

of

lith

ium

ce

lls

con

ne

cte

d in

par

alle

l or

in s

eri

es

and

lin

ked

to

an

inte

llig

en

t b

atte

ry m

anag

em

en

t sy

ste

mW

P1:

Ce

ll s

ele

ctio

n

crit

eri

a

•WP

2: C

ell

te

stin

g an

d s

ele

ctin

g

•WP

3: B

atte

ryp

ack

syst

em

arc

hit

ect

ure

•WP

4: S

imu

lati

on

mo

de

l de

velo

pm

en

t

•WP

5: D

eve

lop

me

nto

f a

un

ive

rsal

bat

tery

pac

k

•WP

6: S

yste

m a

nd

inte

grat

ion

test

hyb

rid

die

sel-

ele

ctri

c ci

ty

bu

ses

Jan

.200

9-

Jan

.201

1

Tran

s2H

ou

se:

"Tra

nsi

tio

n

pat

hw

ays

to

eff

icie

nt

(ele

ctri

fie

d)

tran

spo

rt f

or

ho

use

ho

lds"

nat

ion

alV

ITO

, Vri

je U

niv

ers

ite

it

Bru

sse

l (V

UB

), A

BEA

Ob

ject

ive

: In

vest

igat

e h

ow

to

de

velo

p d

rivi

ng

forc

es

and

sh

ift

the

so

cial

, cu

ltu

ral,

te

chn

olo

gica

l, e

con

om

ic a

nd

po

liti

cal

bar

rie

rs t

o h

ou

seh

old

en

erg

y co

nsu

mp

tio

n r

ed

uct

ion

. Th

e a

im is

to a

sse

ss t

he

tra

nsi

tio

n t

ow

ard

s Ev

s an

d P

HEV

fo

r B

elg

ium

an

d it

s

regi

on

s

EVs

and

PH

EVs

2009

-201

2

EVC

ITY

: In

tell

ige

nt

Ene

rgy

Effi

cie

nt

Bu

ild

ings

an

d C

itie

s

tran

snat

ion

al

(Be

Ne

Lux)

VIT

O, K

IC In

no

Ene

rgy,

CIT

CEA

, ETS

EI

EVC

ITY

wil

l se

t u

p a

gu

ide

lin

e f

or

citi

es

and

all

sta

keh

old

ers

invo

lve

d in

th

e r

oll

-ou

t o

f e

lect

ric

veh

icle

s an

d s

up

po

rtin

g

infr

astr

uct

ure

. Th

is g

uid

eli

ne

wil

l de

scri

be

th

e m

arke

t ro

les

and

bu

sin

ess

op

po

rtu

nit

ies

for

ne

w p

rod

uct

s/se

rvic

es

in t

his

ne

w

mo

bil

ity

and

, par

tly

regu

late

d, e

ne

rgy

mar

ket.

Evs

2011

-201

3

Plu

g an

d R

ide

(P

ilo

t

Pro

ject

Sie

me

ns-

NM

BS

"E-C

ar a

nd

tra

in: a

n

ob

vio

us

mar

riag

e")

nat

ion

al

SNC

B-H

old

ing

/ N

MB

S-

Ho

ldin

g an

d S

iem

en

s

Be

lgiu

m: s

up

po

rt o

f th

e

Dir

ect

ora

te G

en

era

l fo

r

Ene

rgy

of

the

Eco

no

mic

s

Min

istr

y

Test

pro

ject

ele

ctri

cal c

ars

– C

om

bin

atio

n E

-car

– t

rain

– c

ar s

har

ing

– Te

ste

d o

n a

n e

con

om

ic, s

oci

olo

gica

l, e

colo

gica

l an

d

tech

no

logi

cal l

eve

l

– ‘F

irst

urb

an m

ile

’

• 3

cars

in G

he

nt

and

Liè

ge

• Te

st d

rive

rs s

ele

cte

d in

a c

om

pe

titi

on

– ‘L

ast

urb

an m

ile

’

• 2

cars

in B

russ

els

fro

m S

iem

en

s

– Fo

cus

on

:

• u

ser

exp

eri

en

ce c

om

bin

atio

n E

-car

an

d p

ub

lic

tran

spo

rt

• u

ser

exp

eri

en

ce s

mar

t gr

id a

nd

re

ne

wab

le e

ne

rgy

EVs

Ch

argi

ng

po

ints

in

34 b

igge

st t

rain

stat

ion

s

Mar

ch -

Ju

ne

2011

iMO

VE

regi

on

al

(Fal

nd

ers

)

Led

by

UM

ICO

RE,

a B

elg

ian

com

pan

y sp

eci

aliz

ed

in

me

tals

an

d a

dva

nce

d

mat

eri

als,

it h

as t

he

dis

tin

ctio

n o

f n

ot

un

de

rsta

nd

ing

the

auto

mak

er

and

bri

ngs

toge

the

r 19

co

mp

anie

s an

d

rese

arch

inst

itu

tes

inte

rest

ed

in t

he

fie

ld o

f

ele

ctri

c ve

hic

les

incl

ud

ing

the

en

erg

y co

mp

any

SPE-

EDF

LUM

INU

S w

hic

h h

old

s

63.5

% s

take

.

For

3 ye

ars,

ind

ivid

ual

s an

d p

rofe

ssio

nal

s w

ill t

est

175

ele

ctri

c

veh

icle

s o

n 3

00 k

iosk

s in

stal

led

th

rou

gho

ut

Flan

de

rs. T

hre

e g

oal

s

dri

ve t

his

pro

cess

: val

idat

e t

ech

no

logi

cal a

dva

nce

s (n

ew

bat

tery

and

ve

hic

le t

ech

no

logy

); o

bse

rve

be

hav

iors

an

d p

ract

ice

s

(mo

bil

ity

be

hav

ior)

, an

d d

eve

lop

th

e u

se o

f re

ne

wab

le e

ne

rgy

as p

art

of

op

tim

al m

anag

em

en

t o

f th

e e

lect

rica

l sys

tem

(sm

art

grid

s).

Th

e $

10

mil

lio

n is

fu

nd

ed

wit

h E

UR

4 m

illi

on

fo

r th

e G

ard

en

te

st o

f

ele

ctri

c ve

hic

les,

an

init

iati

ve o

f th

e F

lem

ish

min

iste

r o

f In

no

vati

on

to

acce

lera

te t

he

intr

od

uct

ion

of

ele

ctri

c ca

rs in

Fla

nd

ers

EVs

(175

)C

har

gin

g st

atio

ns

(300

)

Jun

e 2

011-

2014

Zen

Car

regi

on

al

ZEN

CA

R a

nd

th

e R

egi

on

al

Inve

stm

en

t C

om

pan

y o

f

Bru

sse

ls (

BIR

S)

Car

sh

arin

g . A

se

lf-s

erv

ice

ele

ctri

cal d

ivis

ion

mak

es

avai

lab

le t

o

ind

ivid

ual

s, b

usi

ne

sse

s an

d A

dm

inis

trat

ion

29

ele

ctri

c ve

hic

les

(2 p

lace

s -

Tazz

ari Z

ero

) a

nd

15

char

gin

g st

atio

ns.

Re

serv

atio

ns

can

be

mad

e o

nli

ne

or

by

ph

on

e 7

day

s 7,

24

24 h

ou

rs, a

nd

par

kin

g ar

eas

are

re

serv

ed

fo

r th

em

an

d a

re f

ree

. Re

gist

rati

on

cost

s 40

eu

ros,

th

e m

on

thly

su

bsc

rip

tio

n is

EU

R 6

ho

urs

of

use

and

co

st 7

€

EVs

(29)

char

gin

g st

atio

ns

(15)

Mar

ch 2

011

EVA

(El

ect

ric

Ve

hic

les

in A

ctio

n)

regi

on

al

(Fla

nd

ers

)

Re

sear

che

rs (

VU

B, I

BB

T,

Ge

nt

Un

iv.)

, co

mp

anie

s

(Ean

dis

, Fe

de

rau

to,

Tele

ne

t, B

lue

Co

rne

r, 4

IS),

auto

mo

mak

ers

an

d

auth

ori

tie

s in

Fla

nd

ers

EVA

su

pp

ort

fo

r in

no

vati

ve p

roje

cts

thro

ugh

: > R

ese

arch

fo

r n

ew

insi

ghts

an

d k

no

wle

dge

> T

he

de

velo

pm

en

t o

f n

ew

pro

du

cts

and

serv

ice

s to

ad

d v

alu

e a

nd

to

cre

ate

em

plo

yme

nt

> Th

e

gove

rnm

en

t in

itia

tive

s to

en

cou

rage

ele

ctri

c ca

rs.

Mai

n g

oal

: to

take

aw

ay t

he

pri

mar

y co

nce

rn o

f Fl

em

ish

mo

tori

sts

wit

h r

ega

rds

to d

rivi

ng

an e

lect

ric

car,

wh

ich

is b

ein

g st

ran

de

d s

om

ew

he

re

wit

h a

n e

mp

ty b

atte

ry, a

nd

no

way

to

re

char

ge t

he

ir v

eh

icle

.

EV

char

gin

g st

atio

ns

(71)

wit

h 2

20

char

gin

g p

oin

ts

2012

-

CED

: “C

on

tin

ou

s

Ele

ctri

c D

rive

”

De

velo

pm

en

t o

f a

Scan

din

avia

n H

om

e c

har

gin

g sy

ste

ms

and

me

tho

ds

that

do

no

t re

qu

ire

cab

les

or

plu

gs. T

he

en

erg

y is

tran

sfe

rre

d in

wir

ele

ss m

od

e t

o t

he

car

bat

tery

th

rou

gh a

char

gin

g p

late

inse

rte

d in

to t

he

ro

ad s

urf

ace

, un

de

rgro

un

d, f

or

exa

mp

le, i

n t

he

dri

vew

ay w

he

re y

ou

par

k yo

ur

car.

EV20

11

Ind

uct

ive

Ch

argi

ng

The

pro

ject

exa

min

es

the

fe

asib

ilit

y, e

ffic

ien

cy a

nd

pra

ctic

al

app

lica

bil

ity

of

ind

uct

ive

ch

argi

ng

for

EVs,

fo

cuss

ing

bo

th o

n

stat

ion

ary

app

lica

tio

ns

for

cars

(p

arke

d c

har

gin

g) a

nd

dyn

amic

app

lica

tio

ns

for

bu

ses

(ch

argi

ng

wh

ile

dri

vin

g). N

ext

to

th

e

inte

grat

ion

of

this

te

chn

olo

gy in

ve

hic

les

and

infr

astr

uct

ure

, it

also

exa

min

es

the

co

mm

un

icat

ion

inte

rfac

e b

etw

ee

n b

oth

. Aim

s

to a

cqu

ire

a b

ett

er

un

de

rsta

nd

ing

of

asp

ect

s su

ch a

s sa

fety

,

soci

al a

cce

pta

nce

an

d s

tan

dar

dis

atio

n a

nd

re

gula

tio

n.

char

gin

g IC

TA

pri

l 201

0 -

Jun

e 2

012

htt

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Spat

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lSt

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Po

lici

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Typ

e o

f

veh

icle

sIn

fras

tru

ctu

reSt

art/

En

d

dat

e

Nat

ion

al M

aste

r

Pla

n f

or

the

pro

mo

tio

n o

f

ele

ctri

c m

ob

ilit

y in

Be

lgiu

m

nat

ion

al

Fed

era

l Go

vern

me

nt

(FP

S

Eco

no

my,

S.M

.E.s

, Se

lf-

em

plo

yme

nt

and

En

erg

y)

The

mas

ter

pla

n d

esc

rib

es

the

be

ne

fits

an

d b

arri

ers

to

ele

ctri

c

mo

bil

ity.

Dis

cuss

es

13 a

reas

of

acti

on

wit

h id

eas

fo

r d

iffe

ren

t

me

asu

res,

nam

ely

: fro

m f

inan

cial

ince

nti

ves

for

the

pu

rch

ase

of

an E

V o

n t

rain

ing

for

gara

ge o

wn

ers

to

ne

w b

usi

ne

ss m

od

els

.

Man

y m

eas

ure

s ar

e m

ore

te

chn

ical

in n

atu

re, b

ut

do

es

illu

stra

te

the

ne

ed

fo

r co

ord

inat

ion

, fo

r e

xam

ple

aro

un

d t

he

loca

tio

n o

f

pu

bli

c ch

argi

ng

infr

astr

uct

ure

.

The

mas

ter

list

of

pro

po

sals

to

ind

ivid

ual

s, c

om

pan

ies

and

(lo

cal)

gove

rnm

en

ts t

o s

up

po

rt t

he

pu

rch

ase

of

ele

ctri

c ca

rs.

fin

anci

al In

cen

tive

s: w

he

n b

uyi

ng

an e

lect

ric

veh

icle

an

d t

rain

ing

for

gara

ge o

wn

ers

an

d f

inan

cin

g o

f n

ew

bu

sin

ess

mo

de

ls a

rou

nd

ele

ctri

c

mo

bil

ity.

Th

ere

are

als

o p

hys

ical

sti

mu

lus

pla

ns

such

as

the

inst

alla

tio

n

of

pu

bli

c ch

argi

ng

infr

astr

uct

ure

an

d p

rop

osa

ls t

o in

div

idu

als,

com

pan

ies

and

(lo

cal)

go

vern

me

nts

to

su

pp

ort

th

e p

urc

has

e o

f e

lect

ric

cars

. Th

e f

inan

cial

su

pp

ort

by

the

Be

lgia

n g

ove

rnm

en

t is

ne

cess

ary

be

cau

se t

he

re

lati

vely

hig

h p

urc

has

e p

rice

, th

e li

mit

ed

ran

ge a

nd

lack

of

char

gin

g in

fras

tru

ctu

re a

re t

he

mai

n o

bst

acle

s fo

r th

e b

reak

thro

ugh

of

ele

ctri

c ve

hic

les

in B

elg

ium

. In

200

9, t

he

Be

lgia

n g

ove

rnm

en

t h

as a

sch

em

e t

hat

all

ow

s b

uye

rs o

f e

lect

ric

cars

we

re e

ligi

ble

fo

r ad

dit

ion

al

tax

refu

nd

s. T

his

is t

he

re

sult

of

a b

ill f

rom

th

e H

ou

se C

om

mit

tee

Fin

ance

re

cen

tly

ado

pte

d.

2012

Be

.eV

: Be

lgia

n

Pla

tfo

rm o

n E

lect

ric

Ve

hic

les

nat

ion

al

Fed

era

l Go

vern

me

nt

(FP

S

Eco

no

my,

S.M

.E.s

, Se

lf-

em

plo

yme

nt

and

En

erg

y)

info

rm a

nd

bri

ng

toge

the

r al

l re

leva

nt

stak

eh

old

ers

fro

m t

he

ele

ctri

c m

ob

ilit

y va

lue

ch

ain

. Th

e p

latf

orm

has

be

en

pre

par

ing

Be

lgiu

m’s

mas

ter

pla

n f

or

ele

ctri

c m

ob

ilit

y an

d a

nat

ion

al

road

map

.

2011

Livi

ng

Lab

s El

ect

ric

Ve

hic

les

Re

gio

nal

(Fle

mis

h

Re

gio

n)

Fle

mis

h G

ove

rnm

en

t, IW

T -

Age

ncy

fo

r In

no

vati

on

by

Scie

nce

an

d T

ech

no

logy

, 5

pla

tfo

rms

(Vo

lt-A

ir,

Oly

pu

ms,

iMo

ve, E

V

Re

clab

an

d E

VA

) +

mo

re

than

70

com

pan

ies

faci

lita

te a

nd

acc

ele

rate

th

e in

no

vati

on

an

d a

do

pti

on

of

ele

ctri

c

veh

icle

s in

th

e F

lem

ish

re

gio

n. T

he

cal

l was

lau

nch

ed

in la

te 2

010

wit

h t

he

aim

of

sett

ing

up

a s

tru

ctu

red

re

al-l

ife

en

viro

nm

en

t in

wh

ich

inn

ova

tio

ns

can

be

te

ste

d b

y re

pre

sen

tati

ve e

nd

use

rs in

the

ir o

wn

livi

ng

and

wo

rkin

g e

nvi

ron

me

nt.

Five

dif

fere

nt

pla

tfo

rms

we

re a

pp

rove

d in

201

1 w

ith

a t

ota

l

fun

din

g o

f €

16.2

5 m

illi

on

. Mo

re t

han

70

com

pan

ies,

org

aniz

atio

ns,

an

d r

ese

arch

par

tne

rs a

re w

ork

ing

toge

the

r. T

he

Livi

ng

Lab

s El

ect

ric

Ve

hic

les

wil

l ru

n f

or

3 ye

ars

and

are

exp

ect

ed

to g

ive

an

ext

ra b

oo

st t

o d

eve

lop

, te

st, a

nd

imp

lem

en

t n

ew

pro

du

cts

and

se

rvic

es

on

e-m

ob

ilit

y.

2010

-201

3

LIN

EAR

: Lo

cal

Inte

llig

en

t

Ne

two

rks

and

Ene

rgy

Act

ive

Re

gio

ns

LIN

EAR

pil

ot

stu

dy

con

sist

s

of

3 p

has

es

-

fie

ldte

st a

t

resi

de

nti

al,

dis

tric

t an

d

regi

on

al le

vel

Re

gio

nal

Sup

po

rt: F

lem

ish

Go

vern

.;

20 P

artn

ers

: Fle

mis

h

Ind

ust

ry a

nd

re

sear

ch

inst

itu

tes

(K.U

. Le

uve

n,

VIT

O, E

IT K

IC In

no

Ene

rgy)

;

Syn

erg

ie w

ith

IWT

call

fo

r

"Liv

ing

Lab

s"

Smar

t e

ne

rgy

sup

ply

in F

lan

de

rs; F

ield

test

wh

ere

"d

em

and

sid

e

man

age

me

nt"

wil

l be

de

mo

nst

rate

d o

n a

re

sid

en

tial

an

d d

istr

ict

leve

l

Evs

smar

t gr

id (

200

to

1000

ho

use

s)20

09-2

014

Loca

l Air

Qu

alit

y

Pla

n

Loca

l (ci

ty

of

Gh

en

t)C

ity

of

Gh

en

t

Fift

y m

eas

ure

s, in

clu

din

g th

e p

rom

oti

on

of

eco

logi

cal v

eh

icle

s,

to e

nsu

re a

he

alth

ier

air

in G

he

nt.

Th

e p

lan

co

nta

ins

spe

cifi

c

me

asu

res

for

the

tra

nsp

ort

, ho

use

ho

lds

and

ind

ust

ry. I

n

add

itio

n, m

eas

ure

s ar

e p

rop

ose

d in

te

rms

of

spat

ial p

lan

nin

g.

the

Cit

y o

f G

he

nt

sub

sid

ies

to w

ho

m p

urc

has

e a

n e

lect

ric

bic

ycle

,

tric

ycle

, sco

ote

r o

r ca

rEv

sch

argi

ng

po

ints

(10

)20

10-2

015

SPA

RC

: Sm

art

Plu

g-

in A

uto

mo

bil

e

Re

ne

wab

le

Ch

argi

ng

Serv

ice

s

Loca

l (ci

ty

of

Bru

ges)

IBB

T (I

nte

rdis

cip

lin

ary

Inst

itu

te f

or

Bro

adb

and

Tech

no

logy

) +

Par

tne

rs

(Acr

eo

AB

, De

uts

che

Tele

kom

, Eri

csso

n, V

ITO

nv,

So

ny,

Inte

rpar

kin

g,

Ath

lon

Car

Le

ase

, REs

tore

,

Stad

Bru

gge

, K.U

.Le

uve

n

ESA

T-EL

ECTA

, Eu

rop

ese

Co

mm

issi

e, e

uro

pe

an

cen

ter

for

info

rmat

ion

an

d

com

mu

nic

atio

n

tech

no

logi

es)

; Syn

erg

ie

wit

h IW

T ca

ll f

or

"Liv

ing

Lab

s"

Focu

s o

n c

har

gin

g in

fras

tru

ctu

re o

n p

arki

ng

spo

ts a

nd

th

e

bu

sin

ess

mo

de

ls n

ee

de

d b

eh

ind

it; d

em

on

stra

tio

n o

f th

e p

roo

f-

of-

con

cep

t at

a p

arki

ng

in t

he

cit

y o

f B

ruge

s

Ch

argi

ng

po

ints

2011

-201

2

ESTO

: "En

erg

y

Sto

rage

"

regi

on

al

(Fla

nd

ers

)

VIT

O a

nd

Fla

nd

ers

auto

mo

tive

R&

D (

Flan

de

rs'

DR

IVE,

Em

rol,

PEC

,

Psi

Co

ntr

ol,

Pu

nch

Po

we

rtra

in, V

UB

, Tri

ph

ase

,

Um

ico

re, V

DL

Jon

ckh

ee

re)

Focu

s o

n L

i-b

atte

rie

s fo

r p

asse

nge

r ca

rs a

nd

bu

ses,

so

mo

re

com

po

ne

nt

leve

l re

sear

ch p

roje

ct.

The

bat

tery

pac

k co

nsi

sts

of

lith

ium

ce

lls

con

ne

cte

d in

par

alle

l or

in s

eri

es

and

lin

ked

to

an

inte

llig

en

t b

atte

ry m

anag

em

en

t sy

ste

mW

P1:

Ce

ll s

ele

ctio

n

crit

eri

a

•WP

2: C

ell

te

stin

g an

d s

ele

ctin

g

•WP

3: B

atte

ryp

ack

syst

em

arc

hit

ect

ure

•WP

4: S

imu

lati

on

mo

de

l de

velo

pm

en

t

•WP

5: D

eve

lop

me

nto

f a

un

ive

rsal

bat

tery

pac

k

•WP

6: S

yste

m a

nd

inte

grat

ion

test

hyb

rid

die

sel-

ele

ctri

c ci

ty

bu

ses

Jan

.200

9-

Jan

.201

1

Tran

s2H

ou

se:

"Tra

nsi

tio

n

pat

hw

ays

to

eff

icie

nt

(ele

ctri

fie

d)

tran

spo

rt f

or

ho

use

ho

lds"

nat

ion

alV

ITO

, Vri

je U

niv

ers

ite

it

Bru

sse

l (V

UB

), A

BEA

Ob

ject

ive

: In

vest

igat

e h

ow

to

de

velo

p d

rivi

ng

forc

es

and

sh

ift

the

so

cial

, cu

ltu

ral,

te

chn

olo

gica

l, e

con

om

ic a

nd

po

liti

cal

bar

rie

rs t

o h

ou

seh

old

en

erg

y co

nsu

mp

tio

n r

ed

uct

ion

. Th

e a

im is

to a

sse

ss t

he

tra

nsi

tio

n t

ow

ard

s Ev

s an

d P

HEV

fo

r B

elg

ium

an

d it

s

regi

on

s

EVs

and

PH

EVs

2009

-201

2

EVC

ITY

: In

tell

ige

nt

Ene

rgy

Effi

cie

nt

Bu

ild

ings

an

d C

itie

s

tran

snat

ion

al

(Be

Ne

Lux)

VIT

O, K

IC In

no

Ene

rgy,

CIT

CEA

, ETS

EI

EVC

ITY

wil

l se

t u

p a

gu

ide

lin

e f

or

citi

es

and

all

sta

keh

old

ers

invo

lve

d in

th

e r

oll

-ou

t o

f e

lect

ric

veh

icle

s an

d s

up

po

rtin

g

infr

astr

uct

ure

. Th

is g

uid

eli

ne

wil

l de

scri

be

th

e m

arke

t ro

les

and

bu

sin

ess

op

po

rtu

nit

ies

for

ne

w p

rod

uct

s/se

rvic

es

in t

his

ne

w

mo

bil

ity

and

, par

tly

regu

late

d, e

ne

rgy

mar

ket.

Evs

2011

-201

3

Plu

g an

d R

ide

(P

ilo

t

Pro

ject

Sie

me

ns-

NM

BS

"E-C

ar a

nd

tra

in: a

n

ob

vio

us

mar

riag

e")

nat

ion

al

SNC

B-H

old

ing

/ N

MB

S-

Ho

ldin

g an

d S

iem

en

s

Be

lgiu

m: s

up

po

rt o

f th

e

Dir

ect

ora

te G

en

era

l fo

r

Ene

rgy

of

the

Eco

no

mic

s

Min

istr

y

Test

pro

ject

ele

ctri

cal c

ars

– C

om

bin

atio

n E

-car

– t

rain

– c

ar s

har

ing

– Te

ste

d o

n a

n e

con

om

ic, s

oci

olo

gica

l, e

colo

gica

l an

d

tech

no

logi

cal l

eve

l

– ‘F

irst

urb

an m

ile

’

• 3

cars

in G

he

nt

and

Liè

ge

• Te

st d

rive

rs s

ele

cte

d in

a c

om

pe

titi

on

– ‘L

ast

urb

an m

ile

’

• 2

cars

in B

russ

els

fro

m S

iem

en

s

– Fo

cus

on

:

• u

ser

exp

eri

en

ce c

om

bin

atio

n E

-car

an

d p

ub

lic

tran

spo

rt

• u

ser

exp

eri

en

ce s

mar

t gr

id a

nd

re

ne

wab

le e

ne

rgy

EVs

Ch

argi

ng

po

ints

in

34 b

igge

st t

rain

stat

ion

s

Mar

ch -

Ju

ne

2011

iMO

VE

regi

on

al

(Fal

nd

ers

)

Led

by

UM

ICO

RE,

a B

elg

ian

com

pan

y sp

eci

aliz

ed

in

me

tals

an

d a

dva

nce

d

mat

eri

als,

it h

as t

he

dis

tin

ctio

n o

f n

ot

un

de

rsta

nd

ing

the

auto

mak

er

and

bri

ngs

toge

the

r 19

co

mp

anie

s an

d

rese

arch

inst

itu

tes

inte

rest

ed

in t

he

fie

ld o

f

ele

ctri

c ve

hic

les

incl

ud

ing

the

en

erg

y co

mp

any

SPE-

EDF

LUM

INU

S w

hic

h h

old

s

63.5

% s

take

.

For

3 ye

ars,

ind

ivid

ual

s an

d p

rofe

ssio

nal

s w

ill t

est

175

ele

ctri

c

veh

icle

s o

n 3

00 k

iosk

s in

stal

led

th

rou

gho

ut

Flan

de

rs. T

hre

e g

oal

s

dri

ve t

his

pro

cess

: val

idat

e t

ech

no

logi

cal a

dva

nce

s (n

ew

bat

tery

and

ve

hic

le t

ech

no

logy

); o

bse

rve

be

hav

iors

an

d p

ract

ice

s

(mo

bil

ity

be

hav

ior)

, an

d d

eve

lop

th

e u

se o

f re

ne

wab

le e

ne

rgy

as p

art

of

op

tim

al m

anag

em

en

t o

f th

e e

lect

rica

l sys

tem

(sm

art

grid

s).

Th

e $

10

mil

lio

n is

fu

nd

ed

wit

h E

UR

4 m

illi

on

fo

r th

e G

ard

en

te

st o

f

ele

ctri

c ve

hic

les,

an

init

iati

ve o

f th

e F

lem

ish

min

iste

r o

f In

no

vati

on

to

acce

lera

te t

he

intr

od

uct

ion

of

ele

ctri

c ca

rs in

Fla

nd

ers

EVs

(175

)C

har

gin

g st

atio

ns

(300

)

Jun

e 2

011-

2014

Zen

Car

regi

on

al

ZEN

CA

R a

nd

th

e R

egi

on

al

Inve

stm

en

t C

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pan

y o

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Bru

sse

ls (

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S)

Car

sh

arin

g . A

se

lf-s

erv

ice

ele

ctri

cal d

ivis

ion

mak

es

avai

lab

le t

o

ind

ivid

ual

s, b

usi

ne

sse

s an

d A

dm

inis

trat

ion

29

ele

ctri

c ve

hic

les

(2 p

lace

s -

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ari Z

ero

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nd

15

char

gin

g st

atio

ns.

Re

serv

atio

ns

can

be

mad

e o

nli

ne

or

by

ph

on

e 7

day

s 7,

24

24 h

ou

rs, a

nd

par

kin

g ar

eas

are

re

serv

ed

fo

r th

em

an

d a

re f

ree

. Re

gist

rati

on

cost

s 40

eu

ros,

th

e m

on

thly

su

bsc

rip

tio

n is

EU

R 6

ho

urs

of

use

and

co

st 7

€

EVs

(29)

char

gin

g st

atio

ns

(15)

Mar

ch 2

011

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(El

ect

ric

Ve

hic

les

in A

ctio

n)

regi

on

al

(Fla

nd

ers

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Re

sear

che

rs (

VU

B, I

BB

T,

Ge

nt

Un

iv.)

, co

mp

anie

s

(Ean

dis

, Fe

de

rau

to,

Tele

ne

t, B

lue

Co

rne

r, 4

IS),

auto

mo

mak

ers

an

d

auth

ori

tie

s in

Fla

nd

ers

EVA

su

pp

ort

fo

r in

no

vati

ve p

roje

cts

thro

ugh

: > R

ese

arch

fo

r n

ew

insi

ghts

an

d k

no

wle

dge

> T

he

de

velo

pm

en

t o

f n

ew

pro

du

cts

and

serv

ice

s to

ad

d v

alu

e a

nd

to

cre

ate

em

plo

yme

nt

> Th

e

gove

rnm

en

t in

itia

tive

s to

en

cou

rage

ele

ctri

c ca

rs.

Mai

n g

oal

: to

take

aw

ay t

he

pri

mar

y co

nce

rn o

f Fl

em

ish

mo

tori

sts

wit

h r

ega

rds

to d

rivi

ng

an e

lect

ric

car,

wh

ich

is b

ein

g st

ran

de

d s

om

ew

he

re

wit

h a

n e

mp

ty b

atte

ry, a

nd

no

way

to

re

char

ge t

he

ir v

eh

icle

.

EV

char

gin

g st

atio

ns

(71)

wit

h 2

20

char

gin

g p

oin

ts

2012

-

CED

: “C

on

tin

ou

s

Ele

ctri

c D

rive

”

De

velo

pm

en

t o

f a

Scan

din

avia

n H

om

e c

har

gin

g sy

ste

ms

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me

tho

ds

that

do

no

t re

qu

ire

cab

les

or

plu

gs. T

he

en

erg

y is

tran

sfe

rre

d in

wir

ele

ss m

od

e t

o t

he

car

bat

tery

th

rou

gh a

char

gin

g p

late

inse

rte

d in

to t

he

ro

ad s

urf

ace

, un

de

rgro

un

d, f

or

exa

mp

le, i

n t

he

dri

vew

ay w

he

re y

ou

par

k yo

ur

car.

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11

Ind

uct

ive

Ch

argi

ng

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ject

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min

es

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fe

asib

ilit

y, e

ffic

ien

cy a

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pra

ctic

al

app

lica

bil

ity

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uct

ive

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ng

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EVs,

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cuss

ing

bo

th o

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lica

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cars

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arke

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ile

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ne

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eas

fo

r d

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nam

ely

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m f

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ves

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pu

rch

ase

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n t

rain

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w b

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y m

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e m

ore

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chn

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in n

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re, b

ut

do

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stra

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ne

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, fo

r e

xam

ple

aro

un

d t

he

loca

tio

n o

f

pu

bli

c ch

argi

ng

infr

astr

uct

ure

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The

mas

ter

list

of

pro

po

sals

to

ind

ivid

ual

s, c

om

pan

ies

and

(lo

cal)

gove

rnm

en

ts t

o s

up

po

rt t

he

pu

rch

ase

of

ele

ctri

c ca

rs.

fin

anci

al In

cen

tive

s: w

he

n b

uyi

ng

an e

lect

ric

veh

icle

an

d t

rain

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for

gara

ge o

wn

ers

an

d f

inan

cin

g o

f n

ew

bu

sin

ess

mo

de

ls a

rou

nd

ele

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mo

bil

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Th

ere

are

als

o p

hys

ical

sti

mu

lus

pla

ns

such

as

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inst

alla

tio

n

of

pu

bli

c ch

argi

ng

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astr

uct

ure

an

d p

rop

osa

ls t

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als,

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pan

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cal)

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pp

ort

th

e p

urc

has

e o

f e

lect

ric

cars

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e f

inan

cial

su

pp

ort

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Be

lgia

n g

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en

t is

ne

cess

ary

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cau

se t

he

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lati

vely

hig

h p

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has

e p

rice

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e li

mit

ed

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ge a

nd

lack

of

char

gin

g in

fras

tru

ctu

re a

re t

he

mai

n o

bst

acle

s fo

r th

e b

reak

thro

ugh

of

ele

ctri

c ve

hic

les

in B

elg

ium

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200

9, t

he

Be

lgia

n g

ove

rnm

en

t h

as a

sch

em

e t

hat

all

ow

s b

uye

rs o

f e

lect

ric

cars

we

re e

ligi

ble

fo

r ad

dit

ion

al

tax

refu

nd

s. T

his

is t

he

re

sult

of

a b

ill f

rom

th

e H

ou

se C

om

mit

tee

Fin

ance

re

cen

tly

ado

pte

d.

2012

Be

.eV

: Be

lgia

n

Pla

tfo

rm o

n E

lect

ric

Ve

hic

les

nat

ion

al

Fed

era

l Go

vern

me

nt

(FP

S

Eco

no

my,

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, Se

lf-

em

plo

yme

nt

and

En

erg

y)

info

rm a

nd

bri

ng

toge

the

r al

l re

leva

nt

stak

eh

old

ers

fro

m t

he

ele

ctri

c m

ob

ilit

y va

lue

ch

ain

. Th

e p

latf

orm

has

be

en

pre

par

ing

Be

lgiu

m’s

mas

ter

pla

n f

or

ele

ctri

c m

ob

ilit

y an

d a

nat

ion

al

road

map

.

2011

Livi

ng

Lab

s El

ect

ric

Ve

hic

les

Re

gio

nal

(Fle

mis

h

Re

gio

n)

Fle

mis

h G

ove

rnm

en

t, IW

T -

Age

ncy

fo

r In

no

vati

on

by

Scie

nce

an

d T

ech

no

logy

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pla

tfo

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lt-A

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pu

ms,

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ve, E

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clab

an

d E

VA

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re

than

70

com

pan

ies

faci

lita

te a

nd

acc

ele

rate

th

e in

no

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on

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d a

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veh

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th

e F

lem

ish

re

gio

n. T

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te 2

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pre

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ir o

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r. T

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2010

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LIN

EAR

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cal

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two

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vern

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nd

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sch

argi

ng

po

ints

(10

)20

10-2

015

SPA

RC

: Sm

art

Plu

g-

in A

uto

mo

bil

e

Re

ne

wab

le

Ch

argi

ng

Serv

ice

s

Loca

l (ci

ty

of

Bru

ges)

IBB

T (I

nte

rdis

cip

lin

ary

Inst

itu

te f

or

Bro

adb

and

Tech

no

logy

) +

Par

tne

rs

(Acr

eo

AB

, De

uts

che

Tele

kom

, Eri

csso

n, V

ITO

nv,

So

ny,

Inte

rpar

kin

g,

Ath

lon

Car

Le

ase

, REs

tore

,

Stad

Bru

gge

, K.U

.Le

uve

n

ESA

T-EL

ECTA

, Eu

rop

ese

Co

mm

issi

e, e

uro

pe

an

cen

ter

for

info

rmat

ion

an

d

com

mu

nic

atio

n

tech

no

logi

es)

; Syn

erg

ie

wit

h IW

T ca

ll f

or

"Liv

ing

Lab

s"

Focu

s o

n c

har

gin

g in

fras

tru

ctu

re o

n p

arki

ng

spo

ts a

nd

th

e

bu

sin

ess

mo

de

ls n

ee

de

d b

eh

ind

it; d

em

on

stra

tio

n o

f th

e p

roo

f-

of-

con

cep

t at

a p

arki

ng

in t

he

cit

y o

f B

ruge

s

Ch

argi

ng

po

ints

2011

-201

2

ESTO

: "En

erg

y

Sto

rage

"

regi

on

al

(Fla

nd

ers

)

VIT

O a

nd

Fla

nd

ers

auto

mo

tive

R&

D (

Flan

de

rs'

DR

IVE,

Em

rol,

PEC

,

Psi

Co

ntr

ol,

Pu

nch

Po

we

rtra

in, V

UB

, Tri

ph

ase

,

Um

ico

re, V

DL

Jon

ckh

ee

re)

Focu

s o

n L

i-b

atte

rie

s fo

r p

asse

nge

r ca

rs a

nd

bu

ses,

so

mo

re

com

po

ne

nt

leve

l re

sear

ch p

roje

ct.

The

bat

tery

pac

k co

nsi

sts

of

lith

ium

ce

lls

con

ne

cte

d in

par

alle

l or

in s

eri

es

and

lin

ked

to

an

inte

llig

en

t b

atte

ry m

anag

em

en

t sy

ste

mW

P1:

Ce

ll s

ele

ctio

n

crit

eri

a

•WP

2: C

ell

te

stin

g an

d s

ele

ctin

g

•WP

3: B

atte

ryp

ack

syst

em

arc

hit

ect

ure

•WP

4: S

imu

lati

on

mo

de

l de

velo

pm

en

t

•WP

5: D

eve

lop

me

nto

f a

un

ive

rsal

bat

tery

pac

k

•WP

6: S

yste

m a

nd

inte

grat

ion

test

hyb

rid

die

sel-

ele

ctri

c ci

ty

bu

ses

Jan

.200

9-

Jan

.201

1

Tran

s2H

ou

se:

"Tra

nsi

tio

n

pat

hw

ays

to

eff

icie

nt

(ele

ctri

fie

d)

tran

spo

rt f

or

ho

use

ho

lds"

nat

ion

alV

ITO

, Vri

je U

niv

ers

ite

it

Bru

sse

l (V

UB

), A

BEA

Ob

ject

ive

: In

vest

igat

e h

ow

to

de

velo

p d

rivi

ng

forc

es

and

sh

ift

the

so

cial

, cu

ltu

ral,

te

chn

olo

gica

l, e

con

om

ic a

nd

po

liti

cal

bar

rie

rs t

o h

ou

seh

old

en

erg

y co

nsu

mp

tio

n r

ed

uct

ion

. Th

e a

im is

to a

sse

ss t

he

tra

nsi

tio

n t

ow

ard

s Ev

s an

d P

HEV

fo

r B

elg

ium

an

d it

s

regi

on

s

EVs

and

PH

EVs

2009

-201

2

EVC

ITY

: In

tell

ige

nt

Ene

rgy

Effi

cie

nt

Bu

ild

ings

an

d C

itie

s

tran

snat

ion

al

(Be

Ne

Lux)

VIT

O, K

IC In

no

Ene

rgy,

CIT

CEA

, ETS

EI

EVC

ITY

wil

l se

t u

p a

gu

ide

lin

e f

or

citi

es

and

all

sta

keh

old

ers

invo

lve

d in

th

e r

oll

-ou

t o

f e

lect

ric

veh

icle

s an

d s

up

po

rtin

g

infr

astr

uct

ure

. Th

is g

uid

eli

ne

wil

l de

scri

be

th

e m

arke

t ro

les

and

bu

sin

ess

op

po

rtu

nit

ies

for

ne

w p

rod

uct

s/se

rvic

es

in t

his

ne

w

mo

bil

ity

and

, par

tly

regu

late

d, e

ne

rgy

mar

ket.

Evs

2011

-201

3

Plu

g an

d R

ide

(P

ilo

t

Pro

ject

Sie

me

ns-

NM

BS

"E-C

ar a

nd

tra

in: a

n

ob

vio

us

mar

riag

e")

nat

ion

al

SNC

B-H

old

ing

/ N

MB

S-

Ho

ldin

g an

d S

iem

en

s

Be

lgiu

m: s

up

po

rt o

f th

e

Dir

ect

ora

te G

en

era

l fo

r

Ene

rgy

of

the

Eco

no

mic

s

Min

istr

y

Test

pro

ject

ele

ctri

cal c

ars

– C

om

bin

atio

n E

-car

– t

rain

– c

ar s

har

ing

– Te

ste

d o

n a

n e

con

om

ic, s

oci

olo

gica

l, e

colo

gica

l an

d

tech

no

logi

cal l

eve

l

– ‘F

irst

urb

an m

ile

’

• 3

cars

in G

he

nt

and

Liè

ge

• Te

st d

rive

rs s

ele

cte

d in

a c

om

pe

titi

on

– ‘L

ast

urb

an m

ile

’

• 2

cars

in B

russ

els

fro

m S

iem

en

s

– Fo

cus

on

:

• u

ser

exp

eri

en

ce c

om

bin

atio

n E

-car

an

d p

ub

lic

tran

spo

rt

• u

ser

exp

eri

en

ce s

mar

t gr

id a

nd

re

ne

wab

le e

ne

rgy

EVs

Ch

argi

ng

po

ints

in

34 b

igge

st t

rain

stat

ion

s

Mar

ch -

Ju

ne

2011

iMO

VE

regi

on

al

(Fal

nd

ers

)

Led

by

UM

ICO

RE,

a B

elg

ian

com

pan

y sp

eci

aliz

ed

in

me

tals

an

d a

dva

nce

d

mat

eri

als,

it h

as t

he

dis

tin

ctio

n o

f n

ot

un

de

rsta

nd

ing

the

auto

mak

er

and

bri

ngs

toge

the

r 19

co

mp

anie

s an

d

rese

arch

inst

itu

tes

inte

rest

ed

in t

he

fie

ld o

f

ele

ctri

c ve

hic

les

incl

ud

ing

the

en

erg

y co

mp

any

SPE-

EDF

LUM

INU

S w

hic

h h

old

s

63.5

% s

take

.

For

3 ye

ars,

ind

ivid

ual

s an

d p

rofe

ssio

nal

s w

ill t

est

175

ele

ctri

c

veh

icle

s o

n 3

00 k

iosk

s in

stal

led

th

rou

gho

ut

Flan

de

rs. T

hre

e g

oal

s

dri

ve t

his

pro

cess

: val

idat

e t

ech

no

logi

cal a

dva

nce

s (n

ew

bat

tery

and

ve

hic

le t

ech

no

logy

); o

bse

rve

be

hav

iors

an

d p

ract

ice

s

(mo

bil

ity

be

hav

ior)

, an

d d

eve

lop

th

e u

se o

f re

ne

wab

le e

ne

rgy

as p

art

of

op

tim

al m

anag

em

en

t o

f th

e e

lect

rica

l sys

tem

(sm

art

grid

s).

Th

e $

10

mil

lio

n is

fu

nd

ed

wit

h E

UR

4 m

illi

on

fo

r th

e G

ard

en

te

st o

f

ele

ctri

c ve

hic

les,

an

init

iati

ve o

f th

e F

lem

ish

min

iste

r o

f In

no

vati

on

to

acce

lera

te t

he

intr

od

uct

ion

of

ele

ctri

c ca

rs in

Fla

nd

ers

EVs

(175

)C

har

gin

g st

atio

ns

(300

)

Jun

e 2

011-

2014

Zen

Car

regi

on

al

ZEN

CA

R a

nd

th

e R

egi

on

al

Inve

stm

en

t C

om

pan

y o

f

Bru

sse

ls (

BIR

S)

Car

sh

arin

g . A

se

lf-s

erv

ice

ele

ctri

cal d

ivis

ion

mak

es

avai

lab

le t

o

ind

ivid

ual

s, b

usi

ne

sse

s an

d A

dm

inis

trat

ion

29

ele

ctri

c ve

hic

les

(2 p

lace

s -

Tazz

ari Z

ero

) a

nd

15

char

gin

g st

atio

ns.

Re

serv

atio

ns

can

be

mad

e o

nli

ne

or

by

ph

on

e 7

day

s 7,

24

24 h

ou

rs, a

nd

par

kin

g ar

eas

are

re

serv

ed

fo

r th

em

an

d a

re f

ree

. Re

gist

rati

on

cost

s 40

eu

ros,

th

e m

on

thly

su

bsc

rip

tio

n is

EU

R 6

ho

urs

of

use

and

co

st 7

€

EVs

(29)

char

gin

g st

atio

ns

(15)

Mar

ch 2

011

EVA

(El

ect

ric

Ve

hic

les

in A

ctio

n)

regi

on

al

(Fla

nd

ers

)

Re

sear

che

rs (

VU

B, I

BB

T,

Ge

nt

Un

iv.)

, co

mp

anie

s

(Ean

dis

, Fe

de

rau

to,

Tele

ne

t, B

lue

Co

rne

r, 4

IS),

auto

mo

mak

ers

an

d

auth

ori

tie

s in

Fla

nd

ers

EVA

su

pp

ort

fo

r in

no

vati

ve p

roje

cts

thro

ugh

: > R

ese

arch

fo

r n

ew

insi

ghts

an

d k

no

wle

dge

> T

he

de

velo

pm

en

t o

f n

ew

pro

du

cts

and

serv

ice

s to

ad

d v

alu

e a

nd

to

cre

ate

em

plo

yme

nt

> Th

e

gove

rnm

en

t in

itia

tive

s to

en

cou

rage

ele

ctri

c ca

rs.

Mai

n g

oal

: to

take

aw

ay t

he

pri

mar

y co

nce

rn o

f Fl

em

ish

mo

tori

sts

wit

h r

ega

rds

to d

rivi

ng

an e

lect

ric

car,

wh

ich

is b

ein

g st

ran

de

d s

om

ew

he

re

wit

h a

n e

mp

ty b

atte

ry, a

nd

no

way

to

re

char

ge t

he

ir v

eh

icle

.

EV

char

gin

g st

atio

ns

(71)

wit

h 2

20

char

gin

g p

oin

ts

2012

-

CED

: “C

on

tin

ou

s

Ele

ctri

c D

rive

”

De

velo

pm

en

t o

f a

Scan

din

avia

n H

om

e c

har

gin

g sy

ste

ms

and

me

tho

ds

that

do

no

t re

qu

ire

cab

les

or

plu

gs. T

he

en

erg

y is

tran

sfe

rre

d in

wir

ele

ss m

od

e t

o t

he

car

bat

tery

th

rou

gh a

char

gin

g p

late

inse

rte

d in

to t

he

ro

ad s

urf

ace

, un

de

rgro

un

d, f

or

exa

mp

le, i

n t

he

dri

vew

ay w

he

re y

ou

par

k yo

ur

car.

EV20

11

Ind

uct

ive

Ch

argi

ng

The

pro

ject

exa

min

es

the

fe

asib

ilit

y, e

ffic

ien

cy a

nd

pra

ctic

al

app

lica

bil

ity

of

ind

uct

ive

ch

argi

ng

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EVs,

fo

cuss

ing

bo

th o

n

stat

ion

ary

app

lica

tio

ns

for

cars

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arke

d c

har

gin

g) a

nd

dyn

amic

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lica

tio

ns

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bu

ses

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argi

ng

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ile

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g). N

ext

to

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inte

grat

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chn

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nce

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tan

dar

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atio

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re

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s, c

om

pan

ies

and

(lo

cal)

gove

rnm

en

ts t

o s

up

po

rt t

he

pu

rch

ase

of

ele

ctri

c ca

rs.

fin

anci

al In

cen

tive

s: w

he

n b

uyi

ng

an e

lect

ric

veh

icle

an

d t

rain

ing

for

gara

ge o

wn

ers

an

d f

inan

cin

g o

f n

ew

bu

sin

ess

mo

de

ls a

rou

nd

ele

ctri

c

mo

bil

ity.

Th

ere

are

als

o p

hys

ical

sti

mu

lus

pla

ns

such

as

the

inst

alla

tio

n

of

pu

bli

c ch

argi

ng

infr

astr

uct

ure

an

d p

rop

osa

ls t

o in

div

idu

als,

com

pan

ies

and

(lo

cal)

go

vern

me

nts

to

su

pp

ort

th

e p

urc

has

e o

f e

lect

ric

cars

. Th

e f

inan

cial

su

pp

ort

by

the

Be

lgia

n g

ove

rnm

en

t is

ne

cess

ary

be

cau

se t

he

re

lati

vely

hig

h p

urc

has

e p

rice

, th

e li

mit

ed

ran

ge a

nd

lack

of

char

gin

g in

fras

tru

ctu

re a

re t

he

mai

n o

bst

acle

s fo

r th

e b

reak

thro

ugh

of

ele

ctri

c ve

hic

les

in B

elg

ium

. In

200

9, t

he

Be

lgia

n g

ove

rnm

en

t h

as a

sch

em

e t

hat

all

ow

s b

uye

rs o

f e

lect

ric

cars

we

re e

ligi

ble

fo

r ad

dit

ion

al

tax

refu

nd

s. T

his

is t

he

re

sult

of

a b

ill f

rom

th

e H

ou

se C

om

mit

tee

Fin

ance

re

cen

tly

ado

pte

d.

2012

Be

.eV

: Be

lgia

n

Pla

tfo

rm o

n E

lect

ric

Ve

hic

les

nat

ion

al

Fed

era

l Go

vern

me

nt

(FP

S

Eco

no

my,

S.M

.E.s

, Se

lf-

em

plo

yme

nt

and

En

erg

y)

info

rm a

nd

bri

ng

toge

the

r al

l re

leva

nt

stak

eh

old

ers

fro

m t

he

ele

ctri

c m

ob

ilit

y va

lue

ch

ain

. Th

e p

latf

orm

has

be

en

pre

par

ing

Be

lgiu

m’s

mas

ter

pla

n f

or

ele

ctri

c m

ob

ilit

y an

d a

nat

ion

al

road

map

.

2011

Livi

ng

Lab

s El

ect

ric

Ve

hic

les

Re

gio

nal

(Fle

mis

h

Re

gio

n)

Fle

mis

h G

ove

rnm

en

t, IW

T -

Age

ncy

fo

r In

no

vati

on

by

Scie

nce

an

d T

ech

no

logy

, 5

pla

tfo

rms

(Vo

lt-A

ir,

Oly

pu

ms,

iMo

ve, E

V

Re

clab

an

d E

VA

) +

mo

re

than

70

com

pan

ies

faci

lita

te a

nd

acc

ele

rate

th

e in

no

vati

on

an

d a

do

pti

on

of

ele

ctri

c

veh

icle

s in

th

e F

lem

ish

re

gio

n. T

he

cal

l was

lau

nch

ed

in la

te 2

010

wit

h t

he

aim

of

sett

ing

up

a s

tru

ctu

red

re

al-l

ife

en

viro

nm

en

t in

wh

ich

inn

ova

tio

ns

can

be

te

ste

d b

y re

pre

sen

tati

ve e

nd

use

rs in

the

ir o

wn

livi

ng

and

wo

rkin

g e

nvi

ron

me

nt.

Five

dif

fere

nt

pla

tfo

rms

we

re a

pp

rove

d in

201

1 w

ith

a t

ota

l

fun

din

g o

f €

16.2

5 m

illi

on

. Mo

re t

han

70

com

pan

ies,

org

aniz

atio

ns,

an

d r

ese

arch

par

tne

rs a

re w

ork

ing

toge

the

r. T

he

Livi

ng

Lab

s El

ect

ric

Ve

hic

les

wil

l ru

n f

or

3 ye

ars

and

are

exp

ect

ed

to g

ive

an

ext

ra b

oo

st t

o d

eve

lop

, te

st, a

nd

imp

lem

en

t n

ew

pro

du

cts

and

se

rvic

es

on

e-m

ob

ilit

y.

2010

-201

3

LIN

EAR

: Lo

cal

Inte

llig

en

t

Ne

two

rks

and

Ene

rgy

Act

ive

Re

gio

ns

LIN

EAR

pil

ot

stu

dy

con

sist

s

of

3 p

has

es

-

fie

ldte

st a

t

resi

de

nti

al,

dis

tric

t an

d

regi

on

al le

vel

Re

gio

nal

Sup

po

rt: F

lem

ish

Go

vern

.;

20 P

artn

ers

: Fle

mis

h

Ind

ust

ry a

nd

re

sear

ch

inst

itu

tes

(K.U

. Le

uve

n,

VIT

O, E

IT K

IC In

no

Ene

rgy)

;

Syn

erg

ie w

ith

IWT

call

fo

r

"Liv

ing

Lab

s"

Smar

t e

ne

rgy

sup

ply

in F

lan

de

rs; F

ield

test

wh

ere

"d

em

and

sid

e

man

age

me

nt"

wil

l be

de

mo

nst

rate

d o

n a

re

sid

en

tial

an

d d

istr

ict

leve

l

Evs

smar

t gr

id (

200

to

1000

ho

use

s)20

09-2

014

Loca

l Air

Qu

alit

y

Pla

n

Loca

l (ci

ty

of

Gh

en

t)C

ity

of

Gh

en

t

Fift

y m

eas

ure

s, in

clu

din

g th

e p

rom

oti

on

of

eco

logi

cal v

eh

icle

s,

to e

nsu

re a

he

alth

ier

air

in G

he

nt.

Th

e p

lan

co

nta

ins

spe

cifi

c

me

asu

res

for

the

tra

nsp

ort

, ho

use

ho

lds

and

ind

ust

ry. I

n

add

itio

n, m

eas

ure

s ar

e p

rop

ose

d in

te

rms

of

spat

ial p

lan

nin

g.

the

Cit

y o

f G

he

nt

sub

sid

ies

to w

ho

m p

urc

has

e a

n e

lect

ric

bic

ycle

,

tric

ycle

, sco

ote

r o

r ca

rEv

sch

argi

ng

po

ints

(10

)20

10-2

015

SPA

RC

: Sm

art

Plu

g-

in A

uto

mo

bil

e

Re

ne

wab

le

Ch

argi

ng

Serv

ice

s

Loca

l (ci

ty

of

Bru

ges)

IBB

T (I

nte

rdis

cip

lin

ary

Inst

itu

te f

or

Bro

adb

and

Tech

no

logy

) +

Par

tne

rs

(Acr

eo

AB

, De

uts

che

Tele

kom

, Eri

csso

n, V

ITO

nv,

So

ny,

Inte

rpar

kin

g,

Ath

lon

Car

Le

ase

, REs

tore

,

Stad

Bru

gge

, K.U

.Le

uve

n

ESA

T-EL

ECTA

, Eu

rop

ese

Co

mm

issi

e, e

uro

pe

an

cen

ter

for

info

rmat

ion

an

d

com

mu

nic

atio

n

tech

no

logi

es)

; Syn

erg

ie

wit

h IW

T ca

ll f

or

"Liv

ing

Lab

s"

Focu

s o

n c

har

gin

g in

fras

tru

ctu

re o

n p

arki

ng

spo

ts a

nd

th

e

bu

sin

ess

mo

de

ls n

ee

de

d b

eh

ind

it; d

em

on

stra

tio

n o

f th

e p

roo

f-

of-

con

cep

t at

a p

arki

ng

in t

he

cit

y o

f B

ruge

s

Ch

argi

ng

po

ints

2011

-201

2

ESTO

: "En

erg

y

Sto

rage

"

regi

on

al

(Fla

nd

ers

)

VIT

O a

nd

Fla

nd

ers

auto

mo

tive

R&

D (

Flan

de

rs'

DR

IVE,

Em

rol,

PEC

,

Psi

Co

ntr

ol,

Pu

nch

Po

we

rtra

in, V

UB

, Tri

ph

ase

,

Um

ico

re, V

DL

Jon

ckh

ee

re)

Focu

s o

n L

i-b

atte

rie

s fo

r p

asse

nge

r ca

rs a

nd

bu

ses,

so

mo

re

com

po

ne

nt

leve

l re

sear

ch p

roje

ct.

The

bat

tery

pac

k co

nsi

sts

of

lith

ium

ce

lls

con

ne

cte

d in

par

alle

l or

in s

eri

es

and

lin

ked

to

an

inte

llig

en

t b

atte

ry m

anag

em

en

t sy

ste

mW

P1:

Ce

ll s

ele

ctio

n

crit

eri

a

•WP

2: C

ell

te

stin

g an

d s

ele

ctin

g

•WP

3: B

atte

ryp

ack

syst

em

arc

hit

ect

ure

•WP

4: S

imu

lati

on

mo

de

l de

velo

pm

en

t

•WP

5: D

eve

lop

me

nto

f a

un

ive

rsal

bat

tery

pac

k

•WP

6: S

yste

m a

nd

inte

grat

ion

test

hyb

rid

die

sel-

ele

ctri

c ci

ty

bu

ses

Jan

.200

9-

Jan

.201

1

Tran

s2H

ou

se:

"Tra

nsi

tio

n

pat

hw

ays

to

eff

icie

nt

(ele

ctri

fie

d)

tran

spo

rt f

or

ho

use

ho

lds"

nat

ion

alV

ITO

, Vri

je U

niv

ers

ite

it

Bru

sse

l (V

UB

), A

BEA

Ob

ject

ive

: In

vest

igat

e h

ow

to

de

velo

p d

rivi

ng

forc

es

and

sh

ift

the

so

cial

, cu

ltu

ral,

te

chn

olo

gica

l, e

con

om

ic a

nd

po

liti

cal

bar

rie

rs t

o h

ou

seh

old

en

erg

y co

nsu

mp

tio

n r

ed

uct

ion

. Th

e a

im is

to a

sse

ss t

he

tra

nsi

tio

n t

ow

ard

s Ev

s an

d P

HEV

fo

r B

elg

ium

an

d it

s

regi

on

s

EVs

and

PH

EVs

2009

-201

2

EVC

ITY

: In

tell

ige

nt

Ene

rgy

Effi

cie

nt

Bu

ild

ings

an

d C

itie

s

tran

snat

ion

al

(Be

Ne

Lux)

VIT

O, K

IC In

no

Ene

rgy,

CIT

CEA

, ETS

EI

EVC

ITY

wil

l se

t u

p a

gu

ide

lin

e f

or

citi

es

and

all

sta

keh

old

ers

invo

lve

d in

th

e r

oll

-ou

t o

f e

lect

ric

veh

icle

s an

d s

up

po

rtin

g

infr

astr

uct

ure

. Th

is g

uid

eli

ne

wil

l de

scri

be

th

e m

arke

t ro

les

and

bu

sin

ess

op

po

rtu

nit

ies

for

ne

w p

rod

uct

s/se

rvic

es

in t

his

ne

w

mo

bil

ity

and

, par

tly

regu

late

d, e

ne

rgy

mar

ket.

Evs

2011

-201

3

Plu

g an

d R

ide

(P

ilo

t

Pro

ject

Sie

me

ns-

NM

BS

"E-C

ar a

nd

tra

in: a

n

ob

vio

us

mar

riag

e")

nat

ion

al

SNC

B-H

old

ing

/ N

MB

S-

Ho

ldin

g an

d S

iem

en

s

Be

lgiu

m: s

up

po

rt o

f th

e

Dir

ect

ora

te G

en

era

l fo

r

Ene

rgy

of

the

Eco

no

mic

s

Min

istr

y

Test

pro

ject

ele

ctri

cal c

ars

– C

om

bin

atio

n E

-car

– t

rain

– c

ar s

har

ing

– Te

ste

d o

n a

n e

con

om

ic, s

oci

olo

gica

l, e

colo

gica

l an

d

tech

no

logi

cal l

eve

l

– ‘F

irst

urb

an m

ile

’

• 3

cars

in G

he

nt

and

Liè

ge

• Te

st d

rive

rs s

ele

cte

d in

a c

om

pe

titi

on

– ‘L

ast

urb

an m

ile

’

• 2

cars

in B

russ

els

fro

m S

iem

en

s

– Fo

cus

on

:

• u

ser

exp

eri

en

ce c

om

bin

atio

n E

-car

an

d p

ub

lic

tran

spo

rt

• u

ser

exp

eri

en

ce s

mar

t gr

id a

nd

re

ne

wab

le e

ne

rgy

EVs

Ch

argi

ng

po

ints

in

34 b

igge

st t

rain

stat

ion

s

Mar

ch -

Ju

ne

2011

iMO

VE

regi

on

al

(Fal

nd

ers

)

Led

by

UM

ICO

RE,

a B

elg

ian

com

pan

y sp

eci

aliz

ed

in

me

tals

an

d a

dva

nce

d

mat

eri

als,

it h

as t

he

dis

tin

ctio

n o

f n

ot

un

de

rsta

nd

ing

the

auto

mak

er

and

bri

ngs

toge

the

r 19

co

mp

anie

s an

d

rese

arch

inst

itu

tes

inte

rest

ed

in t

he

fie

ld o

f

ele

ctri

c ve

hic

les

incl

ud

ing

the

en

erg

y co

mp

any

SPE-

EDF

LUM

INU

S w

hic

h h

old

s

63.5

% s

take

.

For

3 ye

ars,

ind

ivid

ual

s an

d p

rofe

ssio

nal

s w

ill t

est

175

ele

ctri

c

veh

icle

s o

n 3

00 k

iosk

s in

stal

led

th

rou

gho

ut

Flan

de

rs. T

hre

e g

oal

s

dri

ve t

his

pro

cess

: val

idat

e t

ech

no

logi

cal a

dva

nce

s (n

ew

bat

tery

and

ve

hic

le t

ech

no

logy

); o

bse

rve

be

hav

iors

an

d p

ract

ice

s

(mo

bil

ity

be

hav

ior)

, an

d d

eve

lop

th

e u

se o

f re

ne

wab

le e

ne

rgy

as p

art

of

op

tim

al m

anag

em

en

t o

f th

e e

lect

rica

l sys

tem

(sm

art

grid

s).

Th

e $

10

mil

lio

n is

fu

nd

ed

wit

h E

UR

4 m

illi

on

fo

r th

e G

ard

en

te

st o

f

ele

ctri

c ve

hic

les,

an

init

iati

ve o

f th

e F

lem

ish

min

iste

r o

f In

no

vati

on

to

acce

lera

te t

he

intr

od

uct

ion

of

ele

ctri

c ca

rs in

Fla

nd

ers

EVs

(175

)C

har

gin

g st

atio

ns

(300

)

Jun

e 2

011-

2014

Zen

Car

regi

on

al

ZEN

CA

R a

nd

th

e R

egi

on

al

Inve

stm

en

t C

om

pan

y o

f

Bru

sse

ls (

BIR

S)

Car

sh

arin

g . A

se

lf-s

erv

ice

ele

ctri

cal d

ivis

ion

mak

es

avai

lab

le t

o

ind

ivid

ual

s, b

usi

ne

sse

s an

d A

dm

inis

trat

ion

29

ele

ctri

c ve

hic

les

(2 p

lace

s -

Tazz

ari Z

ero

) a

nd

15

char

gin

g st

atio

ns.

Re

serv

atio

ns

can

be

mad

e o

nli

ne

or

by

ph

on

e 7

day

s 7,

24

24 h

ou

rs, a

nd

par

kin

g ar

eas

are

re

serv

ed

fo

r th

em

an

d a

re f

ree

. Re

gist

rati

on

cost

s 40

eu

ros,

th

e m

on

thly

su

bsc

rip

tio

n is

EU

R 6

ho

urs

of

use

and

co

st 7

€

EVs

(29)

char

gin

g st

atio

ns

(15)

Mar

ch 2

011

EVA

(El

ect

ric

Ve

hic

les

in A

ctio

n)

regi

on

al

(Fla

nd

ers

)

Re

sear

che

rs (

VU

B, I

BB

T,

Ge

nt

Un

iv.)

, co

mp

anie

s

(Ean

dis

, Fe

de

rau

to,

Tele

ne

t, B

lue

Co

rne

r, 4

IS),

auto

mo

mak

ers

an

d

auth

ori

tie

s in

Fla

nd

ers

EVA

su

pp

ort

fo

r in

no

vati

ve p

roje

cts

thro

ugh

: > R

ese

arch

fo

r n

ew

insi

ghts

an

d k

no

wle

dge

> T

he

de

velo

pm

en

t o

f n

ew

pro

du

cts

and

serv

ice

s to

ad

d v

alu

e a

nd

to

cre

ate

em

plo

yme

nt

> Th

e

gove

rnm

en

t in

itia

tive

s to

en

cou

rage

ele

ctri

c ca

rs.

Mai

n g

oal

: to

take

aw

ay t

he

pri

mar

y co

nce

rn o

f Fl

em

ish

mo

tori

sts

wit

h r

ega

rds

to d

rivi

ng

an e

lect

ric

car,

wh

ich

is b

ein

g st

ran

de

d s

om

ew

he

re

wit

h a

n e

mp

ty b

atte

ry, a

nd

no

way

to

re

char

ge t

he

ir v

eh

icle

.

EV

char

gin

g st

atio

ns

(71)

wit

h 2

20

char

gin

g p

oin

ts

2012

-

CED

: “C

on

tin

ou

s

Ele

ctri

c D

rive

”

De

velo

pm

en

t o

f a

Scan

din

avia

n H

om

e c

har

gin

g sy

ste

ms

and

me

tho

ds

that

do

no

t re

qu

ire

cab

les

or

plu

gs. T

he

en

erg

y is

tran

sfe

rre

d in

wir

ele

ss m

od

e t

o t

he

car

bat

tery

th

rou

gh a

char

gin

g p

late

inse

rte

d in

to t

he

ro

ad s

urf

ace

, un

de

rgro

un

d, f

or

exa

mp

le, i

n t

he

dri

vew

ay w

he

re y

ou

par

k yo

ur

car.

EV20

11

Ind

uct

ive

Ch

argi

ng

The

pro

ject

exa

min

es

the

fe

asib

ilit

y, e

ffic

ien

cy a

nd

pra

ctic

al

app

lica

bil

ity

of

ind

uct

ive

ch

argi

ng

for

EVs,

fo

cuss

ing

bo

th o

n

stat

ion

ary

app

lica

tio

ns

for

cars

(p

arke

d c

har

gin

g) a

nd

dyn

amic

app

lica

tio

ns

for

bu

ses

(ch

argi

ng

wh

ile

dri

vin

g). N

ext

to

th

e

inte

grat

ion

of

this

te

chn

olo

gy in

ve

hic

les

and

infr

astr

uct

ure

, it

also

exa

min

es

the

co

mm

un

icat

ion

inte

rfac

e b

etw

ee

n b

oth

. Aim

s

to a

cqu

ire

a b

ett

er

un

de

rsta

nd

ing

of

asp

ect

s su

ch a

s sa

fety

,

soci

al a

cce

pta

nce

an

d s

tan

dar

dis

atio

n a

nd

re

gula

tio

n.

char

gin

g IC

TA

pri

l 201

0 -

Jun

e 2

012

htt

p:/

/ww

w.k

ic-

inn

oe

ne

rgy.

com

/in

n

ova

tio

n-

pro

ject

s.h

tml

htt

p:/

/wn

.co

m/S

iem

en

s_E-

car

htt

p:/

/ww

w.z

en

car.

e

u/e

n/i

nd

ex.

cfm

htt

p:/

/ww

w.e

lekt

risc

he

voe

rtu

ige

nin

acti

e.

be

/

htt

p:/

/ww

w.i

mo

veli

v

ingl

ab.e

u/i

nd

ex_

en

.p

hp

htt

p:/

/ww

w.f

lan

de

rs

dri

ve.b

e/i

nd

uct

ive

-

char

gin

g

htt

p:/

/ww

w.v

olv

oca

r

s.co

m/f

r-

be

/to

p/a

bo

ut/

ne

ws-

eve

nts

/pag

es/

de

fau

l

t.as

px?

ite

mid

=91

INIT

IATI

VE

regi

on

al

(Fla

nd

ers

)

led

by

Flan

de

r's

Dri

ve.

Par

tne

rs: V

olv

o, V

an H

oo

l,

Bo

mb

ard

ier

htt

p:/

/ww

w.b

on

db

et

erl

ee

fmil

ieu

.be

/pag

e

.ph

p/3

0/61

8/13

577

We

bsi

te

htt

p:/

/eco

no

mie

.fgo

v.b

e/n

l/co

nsu

me

nt/

E

ne

rgie

/Du

urz

ame

_on

twik

keli

ng/

ele

ktri

sch

e_v

oe

rtu

ige

n/b

elg

ia

n_p

latf

orm

_on

_ele

ct

ric_

veh

icle

s/

htt

p:/

/ww

w.l

ivin

glab

-

ev.

be

/

htt

p:/

/ww

w.l

ine

ar-

smar

tgri

d.b

e/

htt

p:/

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en

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e/

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ach

e/T

HE/

1/56

/269

.cm

VjP

TE1O

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wM

g.

htm

l

htt

p:/

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w.f

p7-

spar

c.e

u/

htt

p:/

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w.f

lan

de

rs

dri

ve.b

e/e

ne

rgy-

sto

rage

htt

p:/

/ww

w.v

ub

.ac.

b

e/i

nfo

voo

r/o

nd

erz

oe

kers

/re

sear

ch/p

roje

c

t.p

hp

?pro

ject

_co

de

=

DW

TC25

5&te

am_c

od

e=M

OB

I

CH

AR

AC

TER

ISTI

CS

49

THE

NET

HER

LAN

DS

Pro

gram

/ P

roje

ctP

ilot

pro

ject

sSp

atia

l Le

vel

Stak

eh

old

ers

De

scri

pti

on

(O

bje

ctiv

es,

str

ate

gie

s)P

olic

ies

Typ

e o

f ve

hic

les

Infr

astr

uct

ure

Star

t/ E

nd

dat

eW

eb

site

nat

ion

alC

en

tral

ob

ject

ive

: mak

e t

he

NL

a gu

ide

an

d in

tern

atio

nal

lab

ora

tory

fo

r e

lect

ric

dri

vin

g in

200

9-20

11.

Evs

(200

9-20

11, l

abo

rato

rie

s,

<100

to

<10

00 v

eh

icle

s; 2

012-

2015

, Sca

le-u

o, 1

5.00

0 to

20.0

00; 2

015-

2020

, ro

ll-o

ut,

200,

000;

>20

20, m

atu

re

mar

ket,

1 m

illi

on

)

2009

-202

0h

ttp

://w

ww

.age

nts

chap

nl.

nl/

en

/no

de

/110

155

9 de

mo

nst

rati

on

s

pro

ject

s

Loca

l an

d R

egi

on

al

(A'd

am,

Sch

ipo

l

airp

ort

, Arn

he

m-

Nij

me

gen

are

a,

Utr

ech

t, R

'dam

, De

n

Haa

g, is

lan

d o

f Te

xel)

Ob

ject

ive

s: t

est

ing

the

te

chn

olo

gie

s o

f th

e v

eh

icle

s in

re

al-w

orl

d

tran

spo

rt, l

ear

nin

g b

y d

oin

g, d

em

on

stra

tio

n o

f th

e E

V

po

ssib

ilit

ies,

bu

sin

ess

cas

e d

eve

lop

me

nt

Evs

and

PH

EVs

(to

tal:

231)

char

gin

g p

oin

ts20

10-2

012

10 R

&D

pro

ject

sD

eve

lop

me

nt

of

nav

igat

ion

eq

uip

me

nt

and

sp

eci

fic

tech

no

logy

gor

EV a

nd

PH

EVs

2010

HyM

ove

Re

gio

nal

(A

rnh

em

-

Nij

me

gen

re

gio

n)

Pro

vin

ce o

f G

eld

erl

and

, Mu

nic

ipal

ity

of

Arn

he

m,

Arn

he

m-N

ijm

ege

n U

rban

Re

gio

n, H

yGe

ar B

.V.,

Ne

dSt

ack

E-Tr

acti

on

Eu

rop

e, V

éB

é v

an S

teij

n B

V,

Co

nn

exx

ion

, HA

N A

uto

mo

tive

Exp

ert

ise

Ce

ntr

e

The

pro

ject

aim

s to

sti

mu

late

th

e u

se a

nd

de

velo

pm

en

t o

f

hyd

roge

n in

tra

nsp

ort

. Th

is is

do

ne

by

bri

ngi

ng

hyd

roge

n t

o

pe

op

le's

att

en

tio

n a

nd

de

velo

pin

g an

hyd

roge

n in

fras

tru

ctu

re in

the

Arn

he

m r

egi

on

.

Hyd

roge

n B

use

s an

d c

ars

2009

-201

1h

ttp

://w

ww

.hym

ove

.nl

/

Hyd

roge

n r

egio

Flan

der

s-So

uth

-

Net

her

lan

ds

Tran

snat

ion

al -

Re

gio

nal

(Fl

and

ers

an

d

Sou

th-H

oll

and

)

Be

lgiu

m a

nd

th

e N

eth

erl

and

s (c

oo

rdin

atio

n:

Wat

ers

tofN

et

vzw

.; P

artn

ers

: Wat

ers

tofN

et

(co

ord

inat

or)

, BO

M (

NL)

, SP

K (

B),

VSW

B (

B),

IMEC

(B

),

Ho

gesc

ho

ol Z

uyd

(N

l), H

oge

sch

oo

l Ze

ela

nd

(N

l),

Un

ive

rsit

y G

en

t (B

), K

are

l

de

Gro

te H

oge

sch

oo

l (B

), P

ow

erl

ink

(B),

EC

N (

Nl)

, So

lvay

(B, K

ath

oli

eke

Ho

gesc

ho

l Lim

bu

rg (

B))

The

aim

of

the

pro

ject

is t

o d

eve

lop

th

e r

egi

on

of

Flan

de

rs-

Sou

the

rn N

eth

erl

and

s as

a k

no

wle

dge

inte

nsi

ve r

egi

on

in t

he

fie

ld o

f h

ydro

gen

ap

pli

cati

on

s, m

akin

g u

se o

f su

stai

nab

ly

pro

du

ced

hyd

roge

n.

The

pro

ject

wil

l re

alis

e t

he

fo

llo

win

g ac

tivi

tie

s:

• th

e d

eve

lop

me

nt

of

hyd

roge

n in

fras

tru

ctu

re –

tw

o “

re-

loca

tab

le”

hyd

roge

n f

ue

l sta

tio

ns

• th

e d

em

on

stra

tio

n o

f e

arly

-mar

ket

app

lica

tio

ns

rele

van

t fo

r th

e

regi

on

(lo

gist

ics,

mar

itim

e, p

ub

lic

tran

spo

rt)

• A

n in

tera

ctiv

e e

du

cati

on

al p

rogr

am

Hyd

roge

nH

ydro

gen

fu

el

stat

ion

s20

09-2

012

htt

p:/

/ww

w.w

ate

rsto

fn

et.

eu

/en

glis

h.h

tml

"Am

ster

dam

Elek

tris

ch"

(Aci

on

Pla

n f

or

Elec

tric

Mo

bili

ty A

mst

erd

am)

Loca

l (A

'dam

)M

un

icip

alit

y o

f A

mst

erd

am

This

pla

n s

ets

ou

t m

eas

ure

s fo

r e

lect

ric

mo

bil

ity

in A

mst

erd

am. I

t

exa

min

es

pri

vate

tra

nsp

ort

, pu

bli

c tr

ansp

ort

an

d g

oo

ds

tran

spo

rt

by

resi

de

nts

, lo

cal c

om

pan

ies

and

vis

ito

rs. T

he

mai

n s

ho

rt-t

erm

ob

ject

ive

s ar

e t

o c

reat

e a

n in

itia

l in

fras

tru

ctu

re o

f ve

hic

le

char

gin

g p

oin

ts, a

nd

to

rai

se t

he

vis

ibil

ity

of

ele

ctri

c tr

ansp

ort

–

and

its

use

rs –

on

th

e s

tre

ets

EVs

and

PH

EVs

• 20

09-2

012:

200

EV

in

Am

ste

rdam

• 20

12-2

015:

10,

000

veh

icle

s,

eq

uiv

ale

nt

to 5

% e

mis

sio

n-

fre

e t

ran

spo

rt

• 20

15-2

020:

40,

000

veh

icle

s,

or

20%

em

issi

on

-fre

e

tran

spo

rt

• 20

20-2

040:

200

,000

veh

icle

s, o

r 10

0% e

mis

sio

n-

fre

e t

ran

spo

rt.

2009

-201

2: 2

00

char

gin

g st

atio

ns

in

Am

ste

rdam

2009

-204

0

htt

p:/

/ww

w.a

mst

erd

am

.nl/

par

kere

n-

verk

ee

r/am

ste

rdam

-

ele

ktri

sch

/am

ste

rdam

-

ele

ctri

c/

Met

rop

oo

lreg

io

Am

ster

dam

Elek

tris

ch

regi

on

al

36 m

un

icip

alit

ies,

pro

vin

ces

of

No

rth

-Ho

llan

d a

nd

Fle

vola

nd

, Me

tro

po

lita

n R

egi

on

of

Am

ste

rdam

, Min

istr

y

of

Wat

erw

ays

and

Pu

bli

c W

ork

s

Re

gio

nal

act

ion

pla

n t

o f

acil

itat

e e

lect

ric

mo

bil

ity

also

ou

tsid

e

the

cit

y o

f A

mst

erd

am. S

up

po

rte

d t

he

nat

ion

al g

ove

rnm

en

t vi

a

the

Gre

en

De

al a

gre

em

en

t.

250

char

gin

g

po

ints

, 3-5

fas

t

char

gin

g st

atio

ns

2011

-201

3

htt

p:/

/ww

w.m

etr

op

oo

l

regi

oam

ste

rdam

.nl/

201

2050

9EV

.htm

l

htt

p:/

/ww

w.s

-

he

rto

gen

bo

sch

.nl/

inw

o

ne

r/m

ilie

u/l

uch

tkw

alit

eit

/maa

tre

gele

n/

htt

p:/

/ww

w.b

rab

ant.

nl/

do

ssie

rs/d

oss

iers

-op

-

the

ma/

verk

ee

r-e

n-

verv

oe

r/o

pe

nb

aar-

verv

oe

r/b

uss

en

.asp

x

Pal

eisk

war

tier

Elec

tric

Loca

l (

's

He

rto

gen

bo

sch

)

Mu

nic

ipal

ity

of

's H

ert

oge

nb

osc

h; B

rab

ant

Wat

er,

Tri

bal

Inte

rne

t So

luti

on

s, d

e R

ech

tsp

raak

, Ric

oh

NL,

Pro

leas

e,

Mo

bil

ity

Mix

; mo

nit

ori

ng

by

stu

de

nts

fro

m H

AS

De

n

Bo

sch

, Ava

ns

and

Kin

g W

illi

am I

Co

lle

ge

Mis

sio

n: t

o p

rovi

de

a s

ou

nd

bu

sin

ess

cas

e c

an b

e f

ou

nd

by

com

bin

ing

ele

ctri

c d

rive

wit

h a

uto

par

ts f

or

use

by

bu

sin

ess

es

and

inst

itu

tio

ns

in t

he

pal

ace

qu

arte

r.

Evs

htt

p:/

/ww

w.e

lekt

risc

he

auto

sde

len

.nl/

he

t-

de

ela

uto

-pro

ject

/on

ze-

mis

sie

"Str

oo

mst

oo

t"

(Ele

ctri

c p

uls

e)Lo

cal (

R'd

am)

Mu

inic

ipal

ity

of

Ro

tte

rdam

This

pla

n s

ets

ou

t m

eas

ure

s fo

r e

lect

ric

mo

bil

ity

in R

ott

erd

am. I

t

exa

min

es

pri

vate

tra

nsp

ort

an

d p

ub

lic

tran

spo

rt.

EVs

and

PH

EVs

• 20

09-2

014:

min

imu

m o

f

1000

EV

• 20

25: m

inim

um

200

,000

veh

icle

s, o

r 10

0% e

mis

sio

n-

fre

e t

ran

spo

rt.

• 20

09-2

014:

125

0

char

gin

g

stat

ion

s(10

00 f

or

no

n-m

uci

pal

use

)

2009

-202

5

htt

p:/

/ww

w.r

ott

erd

amc

lim

ate

init

iati

ve.n

l/n

l/5

0_m

ind

er_

co2/

the

ma_

s

/du

urz

ame

_mo

bil

ite

it_

alge

me

en

?do

ele

n_i

d=1

3

"Ro

tter

dam

Elek

tris

ch"

Loca

l (R

'dam

)M

uin

icip

alit

y o

f R

ott

erd

am; H

NR

| E

V C

en

tru

m; R

ET;

Form

ula

E-t

eam

;

The

mu

nic

ipal

ity

of

Ro

tte

rdam

su

pp

ort

s va

rio

us

init

iati

ves.

So

go

the

re m

ore

hyb

rid

an

d e

lect

ric

dri

ve g

arb

age

tru

cks

and

dri

ve a

ll

the

RET

wit

h f

ou

r al

l-e

lect

ric

hyb

rid

bu

ses

and

a b

us.

Als

o d

rivi

ng

seve

ral e

lect

ric

sco

ote

rs a

rou

nd

th

e c

ity.

Exa

mp

les:

Sco

ote

r 2.

0e:

a fr

ee

we

ek-

lon

g e

lect

ric

sco

ote

rin

g; E

-bik

e, t

ry it

yo

urs

elf

fro

m

you

r co

mp

any;

RET

em

issi

on

-fre

e d

rivi

ng

wit

h e

-bu

sz ;

Ele

ctri

c

garb

age

tru

ck: w

aste

fu

el!

EVs

(bik

es,

sco

ote

rs a

nd

car

s)20

09-2

025

htt

p:/

/ww

w.r

ott

erd

am.

nl/

rott

erd

ame

lekt

risc

hr

oje

cte

n;

htt

p:/

/ww

w.e

lect

ricf

an

tast

ic.n

l/

htt

p:/

/ww

w.u

tre

cht.

nl/

imag

es/

Secr

eta

rie

/Co

m

mu

nic

atie

/Be

stu

ure

nO

r

gan

isat

ie/r

aad

/Raa

d%

2

0- %20

Act

iep

lan

%20

Luch

tk

wal

ite

it.p

df

htt

p:/

/ww

w.u

tre

cht.

nl/

smar

tsit

e.d

ws?

id=3

4504

4

EVC

ITY:

Int

ellig

ent

Ener

gy E

ffic

ien

t

Bu

ildin

gs a

nd

Cit

ies

tran

snat

ion

al

(Be

Ne

Lux)

VIT

O, K

IC In

no

Ene

rgy,

CIT

CEA

, ETS

EI

EVC

ITY

wil

l se

t u

p a

gu

ide

lin

e f

or

citi

es

and

all

sta

keh

old

ers

invo

lve

d in

th

e r

oll

-ou

t o

f e

lect

ric

veh

icle

s an

d s

up

po

rtin

g

infr

astr

uct

ure

. Th

is g

uid

eli

ne

wil

l de

scri

be

th

e m

arke

t ro

les

and

bu

sin

ess

op

po

rtu

nit

ies

for

ne

w p

rod

uct

s/se

rvic

es

in t

his

ne

w

mo

bil

ity

and

, par

tly

regu

late

d, e

ne

rgy

mar

ket.

Evs

2011

-201

3

htt

p:/

/ww

w.k

ic-

inn

oe

ne

rgy.

com

/in

no

va

tio

n-p

roje

cts.

htm

l

E-LA

AD

nat

ion

al

E-l

aad

Fo

un

dat

ion

(“E

-lo

ad”)

was

a c

on

sort

ium

init

iate

d

in 2

010

by

the

co

op

era

tin

g re

gio

nal

ele

ctri

city

gri

d

op

era

tors

of

the

Ne

the

rlan

ds

The

ob

ject

ive

is t

o e

stab

lish

10,

000

char

gin

g p

oin

ts in

to

tal f

or

pu

bli

c sp

ace

s co

mp

risi

ng

2,00

0 ch

argi

ng

spo

ts r

eq

ue

ste

d b

y

mu

nic

ipal

itie

s (o

ne

ch

argi

ng

po

int

pe

r 10

,000

inh

abit

ants

) an

d

8,00

0 ch

argi

ng

spo

ts r

eq

ue

ste

d b

y EV

dri

vers

(th

rou

gh a

de

ale

r

org

aniz

atio

n).

E-la

ad a

ssis

ts c

om

mu

nit

ies

wit

h lo

cal a

ctio

n p

lan

s fo

r

ele

ctro

mo

bil

ity

usi

ng

oth

er

Du

tch

mo

bil

ity

pla

ns

as e

xam

ple

s.

The

y re

fle

ct t

he

po

licy

an

d a

ctiv

itie

s to

mak

e e

lect

ric

mo

bil

ity

acce

pte

d a

nd

we

lco

me

d in

to t

he

str

ee

ts o

f co

mm

un

itie

s w

ish

ing

to p

arti

cip

ate

in t

he

ne

w E

V e

ra.

Ev C

har

gin

g

Stat

ion

s (2

012:

1500

; 202

0: 1

0.00

0

char

gin

g st

atio

ns)

2010

-?

htt

p:/

/ww

w.e

-laa

d.n

l/

2011

-202

0

• 20

09-2

011:

min

imu

m o

f 30

0

char

gin

g st

atio

ns;

• 20

14: 3

00-1

000

char

gin

g st

atio

ns

2009

-201

5

ALU

(A

ctio

n P

lan

on

Qu

alit

y A

ir U

trec

ht)

-

"Utr

ech

t El

ektr

isch

"Lo

cal (

Utr

ech

t)M

un

icip

alit

y o

f U

tre

cht

The

pla

n h

as b

ee

n la

un

che

d t

o m

ee

t ai

r q

ual

ity

targ

ets

by

2015

,

thro

ugh

: cle

an b

use

s, c

lean

cit

y d

istr

ibu

tio

n, e

lect

rifi

cati

on

of

the

mn

un

icia

pl c

ar f

lee

t an

d m

ob

ilit

y m

anag

em

en

t o

f fr

eig

ht

tran

spo

rt. G

OA

L: r

ed

uce

tra

ffic

by

30%

in in

ne

r ci

ty (

2030

)

EVs

and

PH

EVs

• 20

09-2

011:

min

imu

m o

f 20

0

EV a

nd

5 m

un

icip

al E

Vs

• 20

25: m

inim

um

5.0

00

veh

icle

s an

d 6

0 m

un

icip

al

Evs

INIT

IATI

VE

Nat

ion

al A

ctio

n P

lan

for

Elec

tric

Dri

vin

g

Ce

ntr

al g

ove

rnm

en

t (T

he

Ne

the

rlan

ds

(NL)

Age

ncy

,

fro

m M

inis

try

of

Eco

no

mic

Aff

airs

, Agr

icu

ltu

re, a

nd

Inn

ova

tio

n);

loca

l an

d r

egi

on

al a

uth

ori

tie

s; c

om

pan

ies

EVs

and

PH

EVs

(al

read

y

exi

stin

g: e

xpre

ss b

us,

2

pas

sen

ger

cars

an

d 2

sco

ote

rs)

Ch

argi

ng

stat

ion

s

(alr

ead

y e

xist

ing:

11)

s H

ert

oge

nb

osc

h

Elec

tric

Mo

bili

ty

Loca

l (

's

He

rto

gen

bo

sch

)M

un

icip

alit

y o

f 's

He

rto

gen

bo

sch

Ob

ject

ive

s: m

inim

um

of

10%

of

Evs,

bas

ed

on

a r

egi

on

al o

bje

ctiv

e

of

200,

000

Evs

in N

oo

rd-B

rab

ant

Pro

vin

ce;

The

's-H

ert

oge

nb

osc

h h

as t

wo

ele

ctri

c ca

rs a

nd

tw

o e

lect

ric

sco

ote

rs in

use

Esse

nt

and

En

exi

s u

se o

f e

lect

ric

cars

an

d s

coo

ters

Gre

en

wh

ee

ls p

ut

two

ele

ctri

c ca

rs in

par

t

CH

AR

AC

TER

ISTI

CS

50

THE

NET

HER

LAN

DS

Pro

gram

/ P

roje

ctP

ilot

pro

ject

sSp

atia

l Le

vel

Stak

eh

old

ers

De

scri

pti

on

(O

bje

ctiv

es,

str

ate

gie

s)P

olic

ies

Typ

e o

f ve

hic

les

Infr

astr

uct

ure

Star

t/ E

nd

dat

eW

eb

site

nat

ion

alC

en

tral

ob

ject

ive

: mak

e t

he

NL

a gu

ide

an

d in

tern

atio

nal

lab

ora

tory

fo

r e

lect

ric

dri

vin

g in

200

9-20

11.

Evs

(200

9-20

11, l

abo

rato

rie

s,

<100

to

<10

00 v

eh

icle

s; 2

012-

2015

, Sca

le-u

o, 1

5.00

0 to

20.0

00; 2

015-

2020

, ro

ll-o

ut,

200,

000;

>20

20, m

atu

re

mar

ket,

1 m

illi

on

)

2009

-202

0h

ttp

://w

ww

.age

nts

chap

nl.

nl/

en

/no

de

/110

155

9 de

mo

nst

rati

on

s

pro

ject

s

Loca

l an

d R

egi

on

al

(A'd

am,

Sch

ipo

l

airp

ort

, Arn

he

m-

Nij

me

gen

are

a,

Utr

ech

t, R

'dam

, De

n

Haa

g, is

lan

d o

f Te

xel)

Ob

ject

ive

s: t

est

ing

the

te

chn

olo

gie

s o

f th

e v

eh

icle

s in

re

al-w

orl

d

tran

spo

rt, l

ear

nin

g b

y d

oin

g, d

em

on

stra

tio

n o

f th

e E

V

po

ssib

ilit

ies,

bu

sin

ess

cas

e d

eve

lop

me

nt

Evs

and

PH

EVs

(to

tal:

231)

char

gin

g p

oin

ts20

10-2

012

10 R

&D

pro

ject

sD

eve

lop

me

nt

of

nav

igat

ion

eq

uip

me

nt

and

sp

eci

fic

tech

no

logy

gor

EV a

nd

PH

EVs

2010

HyM

ove

Re

gio

nal

(A

rnh

em

-

Nij

me

gen

re

gio

n)

Pro

vin

ce o

f G

eld

erl

and

, Mu

nic

ipal

ity

of

Arn

he

m,

Arn

he

m-N

ijm

ege

n U

rban

Re

gio

n, H

yGe

ar B

.V.,

Ne

dSt

ack

E-Tr

acti

on

Eu

rop

e, V

éB

é v

an S

teij

n B

V,

Co

nn

exx

ion

, HA

N A

uto

mo

tive

Exp

ert

ise

Ce

ntr

e

The

pro

ject

aim

s to

sti

mu

late

th

e u

se a

nd

de

velo

pm

en

t o

f

hyd

roge

n in

tra

nsp

ort

. Th

is is

do

ne

by

bri

ngi

ng

hyd

roge

n t

o

pe

op

le's

att

en

tio

n a

nd

de

velo

pin

g an

hyd

roge

n in

fras

tru

ctu

re in

the

Arn

he

m r

egi

on

.

Hyd

roge

n B

use

s an

d c

ars

2009

-201

1h

ttp

://w

ww

.hym

ove

.nl

/

Hyd

roge

n r

egio

Flan

der

s-So

uth

-

Net

her

lan

ds

Tran

snat

ion

al -

Re

gio

nal

(Fl

and

ers

an

d

Sou

th-H

oll

and

)

Be

lgiu

m a

nd

th

e N

eth

erl

and

s (c

oo

rdin

atio

n:

Wat

ers

tofN

et

vzw

.; P

artn

ers

: Wat

ers

tofN

et

(co

ord

inat

or)

, BO

M (

NL)

, SP

K (

B),

VSW

B (

B),

IMEC

(B

),

Ho

gesc

ho

ol Z

uyd

(N

l), H

oge

sch

oo

l Ze

ela

nd

(N

l),

Un

ive

rsit

y G

en

t (B

), K

are

l

de

Gro

te H

oge

sch

oo

l (B

), P

ow

erl

ink

(B),

EC

N (

Nl)

, So

lvay

(B, K

ath

oli

eke

Ho

gesc

ho

l Lim

bu

rg (

B))

The

aim

of

the

pro

ject

is t

o d

eve

lop

th

e r

egi

on

of

Flan

de

rs-

Sou

the

rn N

eth

erl

and

s as

a k

no

wle

dge

inte

nsi

ve r

egi

on

in t

he

fie

ld o

f h

ydro

gen

ap

pli

cati

on

s, m

akin

g u

se o

f su

stai

nab

ly

pro

du

ced

hyd

roge

n.

The

pro

ject

wil

l re

alis

e t

he

fo

llo

win

g ac

tivi

tie

s:

• th

e d

eve

lop

me

nt

of

hyd

roge

n in

fras

tru

ctu

re –

tw

o “

re-

loca

tab

le”

hyd

roge

n f

ue

l sta

tio

ns

• th

e d

em

on

stra

tio

n o

f e

arly

-mar

ket

app

lica

tio

ns

rele

van

t fo

r th

e

regi

on

(lo

gist

ics,

mar

itim

e, p

ub

lic

tran

spo

rt)

• A

n in

tera

ctiv

e e

du

cati

on

al p

rogr

am

Hyd

roge

nH

ydro

gen

fu

el

stat

ion

s20

09-2

012

htt

p:/

/ww

w.w

ate

rsto

fn

et.

eu

/en

glis

h.h

tml

"Am

ster

dam

Elek

tris

ch"

(Aci

on

Pla

n f

or

Elec

tric

Mo

bili

ty A

mst

erd

am)

Loca

l (A

'dam

)M

un

icip

alit

y o

f A

mst

erd

am

This

pla

n s

ets

ou

t m

eas

ure

s fo

r e

lect

ric

mo

bil

ity

in A

mst

erd

am. I

t

exa

min

es

pri

vate

tra

nsp

ort

, pu

bli

c tr

ansp

ort

an

d g

oo

ds

tran

spo

rt

by

resi

de

nts

, lo

cal c

om

pan

ies

and

vis

ito

rs. T

he

mai

n s

ho

rt-t

erm

ob

ject

ive

s ar

e t

o c

reat

e a

n in

itia

l in

fras

tru

ctu

re o

f ve

hic

le

char

gin

g p

oin

ts, a

nd

to

rai

se t

he

vis

ibil

ity

of

ele

ctri

c tr

ansp

ort

–

and

its

use

rs –

on

th

e s

tre

ets

EVs

and

PH

EVs

• 20

09-2

012:

200

EV

in

Am

ste

rdam

• 20

12-2

015:

10,

000

veh

icle

s,

eq

uiv

ale

nt

to 5

% e

mis

sio

n-

fre

e t

ran

spo

rt

• 20

15-2

020:

40,

000

veh

icle

s,

or

20%

em

issi

on

-fre

e

tran

spo

rt

• 20

20-2

040:

200

,000

veh

icle

s, o

r 10

0% e

mis

sio

n-

fre

e t

ran

spo

rt.

2009

-201

2: 2

00

char

gin

g st

atio

ns

in

Am

ste

rdam

2009

-204

0

htt

p:/

/ww

w.a

mst

erd

am

.nl/

par

kere

n-

verk

ee

r/am

ste

rdam

-

ele

ktri

sch

/am

ste

rdam

-

ele

ctri

c/

Met

rop

oo

lreg

io

Am

ster

dam

Elek

tris

ch

regi

on

al

36 m

un

icip

alit

ies,

pro

vin

ces

of

No

rth

-Ho

llan

d a

nd

Fle

vola

nd

, Me

tro

po

lita

n R

egi

on

of

Am

ste

rdam

, Min

istr

y

of

Wat

erw

ays

and

Pu

bli

c W

ork

s

Re

gio

nal

act

ion

pla

n t

o f

acil

itat

e e

lect

ric

mo

bil

ity

also

ou

tsid

e

the

cit

y o

f A

mst

erd

am. S

up

po

rte

d t

he

nat

ion

al g

ove

rnm

en

t vi

a

the

Gre

en

De

al a

gre

em

en

t.

250

char

gin

g

po

ints

, 3-5

fas

t

char

gin

g st

atio

ns

2011

-201

3

htt

p:/

/ww

w.m

etr

op

oo

l

regi

oam

ste

rdam

.nl/

201

2050

9EV

.htm

l

htt

p:/

/ww

w.s

-

he

rto

gen

bo

sch

.nl/

inw

o

ne

r/m

ilie

u/l

uch

tkw

alit

eit

/maa

tre

gele

n/

htt

p:/

/ww

w.b

rab

ant.

nl/

do

ssie

rs/d

oss

iers

-op

-

the

ma/

verk

ee

r-e

n-

verv

oe

r/o

pe

nb

aar-

verv

oe

r/b

uss

en

.asp

x

Pal

eisk

war

tier

Elec

tric

Loca

l (

's

He

rto

gen

bo

sch

)

Mu

nic

ipal

ity

of

's H

ert

oge

nb

osc

h; B

rab

ant

Wat

er,

Tri

bal

Inte

rne

t So

luti

on

s, d

e R

ech

tsp

raak

, Ric

oh

NL,

Pro

leas

e,

Mo

bil

ity

Mix

; mo

nit

ori

ng

by

stu

de

nts

fro

m H

AS

De

n

Bo

sch

, Ava

ns

and

Kin

g W

illi

am I

Co

lle

ge

Mis

sio

n: t

o p

rovi

de

a s

ou

nd

bu

sin

ess

cas

e c

an b

e f

ou

nd

by

com

bin

ing

ele

ctri

c d

rive

wit

h a

uto

par

ts f

or

use

by

bu

sin

ess

es

and

inst

itu

tio

ns

in t

he

pal

ace

qu

arte

r.

Evs

htt

p:/

/ww

w.e

lekt

risc

he

auto

sde

len

.nl/

he

t-

de

ela

uto

-pro

ject

/on

ze-

mis

sie

"Str

oo

mst

oo

t"

(Ele

ctri

c p

uls

e)Lo

cal (

R'd

am)

Mu

inic

ipal

ity

of

Ro

tte

rdam

This

pla

n s

ets

ou

t m

eas

ure

s fo

r e

lect

ric

mo

bil

ity

in R

ott

erd

am. I

t

exa

min

es

pri

vate

tra

nsp

ort

an

d p

ub

lic

tran

spo

rt.

EVs

and

PH

EVs

• 20

09-2

014:

min

imu

m o

f

1000

EV

• 20

25: m

inim

um

200

,000

veh

icle

s, o

r 10

0% e

mis

sio

n-

fre

e t

ran

spo

rt.

• 20

09-2

014:

125

0

char

gin

g

stat

ion

s(10

00 f

or

no

n-m

uci

pal

use

)

2009

-202

5

htt

p:/

/ww

w.r

ott

erd

amc

lim

ate

init

iati

ve.n

l/n

l/5

0_m

ind

er_

co2/

the

ma_

s

/du

urz

ame

_mo

bil

ite

it_

alge

me

en

?do

ele

n_i

d=1

3

"Ro

tter

dam

Elek

tris

ch"

Loca

l (R

'dam

)M

uin

icip

alit

y o

f R

ott

erd

am; H

NR

| E

V C

en

tru

m; R

ET;

Form

ula

E-t

eam

;

The

mu

nic

ipal

ity

of

Ro

tte

rdam

su

pp

ort

s va

rio

us

init

iati

ves.

So

go

the

re m

ore

hyb

rid

an

d e

lect

ric

dri

ve g

arb

age

tru

cks

and

dri

ve a

ll

the

RET

wit

h f

ou

r al

l-e

lect

ric

hyb

rid

bu

ses

and

a b

us.

Als

o d

rivi

ng

seve

ral e

lect

ric

sco

ote

rs a

rou

nd

th

e c

ity.

Exa

mp

les:

Sco

ote

r 2.

0e:

a fr

ee

we

ek-

lon

g e

lect

ric

sco

ote

rin

g; E

-bik

e, t

ry it

yo

urs

elf

fro

m

you

r co

mp

any;

RET

em

issi

on

-fre

e d

rivi

ng

wit

h e

-bu

sz ;

Ele

ctri

c

garb

age

tru

ck: w

aste

fu

el!

EVs

(bik

es,

sco

ote

rs a

nd

car

s)20

09-2

025

htt

p:/

/ww

w.r

ott

erd

am.

nl/

rott

erd

ame

lekt

risc

hr

oje

cte

n;

htt

p:/

/ww

w.e

lect

ricf

an

tast

ic.n

l/

htt

p:/

/ww

w.u

tre

cht.

nl/

imag

es/

Secr

eta

rie

/Co

m

mu

nic

atie

/Be

stu

ure

nO

r

gan

isat

ie/r

aad

/Raa

d%

2

0- %20

Act

iep

lan

%20

Luch

tk

wal

ite

it.p

df

htt

p:/

/ww

w.u

tre

cht.

nl/

smar

tsit

e.d

ws?

id=3

4504

4

EVC

ITY:

Int

ellig

ent

Ener

gy E

ffic

ien

t

Bu

ildin

gs a

nd

Cit

ies

tran

snat

ion

al

(Be

Ne

Lux)

VIT

O, K

IC In

no

Ene

rgy,

CIT

CEA

, ETS

EI

EVC

ITY

wil

l se

t u

p a

gu

ide

lin

e f

or

citi

es

and

all

sta

keh

old

ers

invo

lve

d in

th

e r

oll

-ou

t o

f e

lect

ric

veh

icle

s an

d s

up

po

rtin

g

infr

astr

uct

ure

. Th

is g

uid

eli

ne

wil

l de

scri

be

th

e m

arke

t ro

les

and

bu

sin

ess

op

po

rtu

nit

ies

for

ne

w p

rod

uct

s/se

rvic

es

in t

his

ne

w

mo

bil

ity

and

, par

tly

regu

late

d, e

ne

rgy

mar

ket.

Evs

2011

-201

3

htt

p:/

/ww

w.k

ic-

inn

oe

ne

rgy.

com

/in

no

va

tio

n-p

roje

cts.

htm

l

E-LA

AD

nat

ion

al

E-l

aad

Fo

un

dat

ion

(“E

-lo

ad”)

was

a c

on

sort

ium

init

iate

d

in 2

010

by

the

co

op

era

tin

g re

gio

nal

ele

ctri

city

gri

d

op

era

tors

of

the

Ne

the

rlan

ds

The

ob

ject

ive

is t

o e

stab

lish

10,

000

char

gin

g p

oin

ts in

to

tal f

or

pu

bli

c sp

ace

s co

mp

risi

ng

2,00

0 ch

argi

ng

spo

ts r

eq

ue

ste

d b

y

mu

nic

ipal

itie

s (o

ne

ch

argi

ng

po

int

pe

r 10

,000

inh

abit

ants

) an

d

8,00

0 ch

argi

ng

spo

ts r

eq

ue

ste

d b

y EV

dri

vers

(th

rou

gh a

de

ale

r

org

aniz

atio

n).

E-la

ad a

ssis

ts c

om

mu

nit

ies

wit

h lo

cal a

ctio

n p

lan

s fo

r

ele

ctro

mo

bil

ity

usi

ng

oth

er

Du

tch

mo

bil

ity

pla

ns

as e

xam

ple

s.

The

y re

fle

ct t

he

po

licy

an

d a

ctiv

itie

s to

mak

e e

lect

ric

mo

bil

ity

acce

pte

d a

nd

we

lco

me

d in

to t

he

str

ee

ts o

f co

mm

un

itie

s w

ish

ing

to p

arti

cip

ate

in t

he

ne

w E

V e

ra.

Ev C

har

gin

g

Stat

ion

s (2

012:

1500

; 202

0: 1

0.00

0

char

gin

g st

atio

ns)

2010

-?

htt

p:/

/ww

w.e

-laa

d.n

l/

2011

-202

0

• 20

09-2

011:

min

imu

m o

f 30

0

char

gin

g st

atio

ns;

• 20

14: 3

00-1

000

char

gin

g st

atio

ns

2009

-201

5

ALU

(A

ctio

n P

lan

on

Qu

alit

y A

ir U

trec

ht)

-

"Utr

ech

t El

ektr

isch

"Lo

cal (

Utr

ech

t)M

un

icip

alit

y o

f U

tre

cht

The

pla

n h

as b

ee

n la

un

che

d t

o m

ee

t ai

r q

ual

ity

targ

ets

by

2015

,

thro

ugh

: cle

an b

use

s, c

lean

cit

y d

istr

ibu

tio

n, e

lect

rifi

cati

on

of

the

mn

un

icia

pl c

ar f

lee

t an

d m

ob

ilit

y m

anag

em

en

t o

f fr

eig

ht

tran

spo

rt. G

OA

L: r

ed

uce

tra

ffic

by

30%

in in

ne

r ci

ty (

2030

)

EVs

and

PH

EVs

• 20

09-2

011:

min

imu

m o

f 20

0

EV a

nd

5 m

un

icip

al E

Vs

• 20

25: m

inim

um

5.0

00

veh

icle

s an

d 6

0 m

un

icip

al

Evs

INIT

IATI

VE

Nat

ion

al A

ctio

n P

lan

for

Elec

tric

Dri

vin

g

Ce

ntr

al g

ove

rnm

en

t (T

he

Ne

the

rlan

ds

(NL)

Age

ncy

,

fro

m M

inis

try

of

Eco

no

mic

Aff

airs

, Agr

icu

ltu

re, a

nd

Inn

ova

tio

n);

loca

l an

d r

egi

on

al a

uth

ori

tie

s; c

om

pan

ies

EVs

and

PH

EVs

(al

read

y

exi

stin

g: e

xpre

ss b

us,

2

pas

sen

ger

cars

an

d 2

sco

ote

rs)

Ch

argi

ng

stat

ion

s

(alr

ead

y e

xist

ing:

11)

s H

ert

oge

nb

osc

h

Elec

tric

Mo

bili

ty

Loca

l (

's

He

rto

gen

bo

sch

)M

un

icip

alit

y o

f 's

He

rto

gen

bo

sch

Ob

ject

ive

s: m

inim

um

of

10%

of

Evs,

bas

ed

on

a r

egi

on

al o

bje

ctiv

e

of

200,

000

Evs

in N

oo

rd-B

rab

ant

Pro

vin

ce;

The

's-H

ert

oge

nb

osc

h h

as t

wo

ele

ctri

c ca

rs a

nd

tw

o e

lect

ric

sco

ote

rs in

use

Esse

nt

and

En

exi

s u

se o

f e

lect

ric

cars

an

d s

coo

ters

Gre

en

wh

ee

ls p

ut

two

ele

ctri

c ca

rs in

par

t

CH

AR

AC

TER

ISTI

CS

51

THE

NET

HER

LAN

DS

Pro

gram

/ P

roje

ctP

ilot

pro

ject

sSp

atia

l Le

vel

Stak

eh

old

ers

De

scri

pti

on

(O

bje

ctiv

es,

str

ate

gie

s)P

olic

ies

Typ

e o

f ve

hic

les

Infr

astr

uct

ure

Star

t/ E

nd

dat

eW

eb

site

nat

ion

alC

en

tral

ob

ject

ive

: mak

e t

he

NL

a gu

ide

an

d in

tern

atio

nal

lab

ora

tory

fo

r e

lect

ric

dri

vin

g in

200

9-20

11.

Evs

(200

9-20

11, l

abo

rato

rie

s,

<100

to

<10

00 v

eh

icle

s; 2

012-

2015

, Sca

le-u

o, 1

5.00

0 to

20.0

00; 2

015-

2020

, ro

ll-o

ut,

200,

000;

>20

20, m

atu

re

mar

ket,

1 m

illi

on

)

2009

-202

0h

ttp

://w

ww

.age

nts

chap

nl.

nl/

en

/no

de

/110

155

9 de

mo

nst

rati

on

s

pro

ject

s

Loca

l an

d R

egi

on

al

(A'd

am,

Sch

ipo

l

airp

ort

, Arn

he

m-

Nij

me

gen

are

a,

Utr

ech

t, R

'dam

, De

n

Haa

g, is

lan

d o

f Te

xel)

Ob

ject

ive

s: t

est

ing

the

te

chn

olo

gie

s o

f th

e v

eh

icle

s in

re

al-w

orl

d

tran

spo

rt, l

ear

nin

g b

y d

oin

g, d

em

on

stra

tio

n o

f th

e E

V

po

ssib

ilit

ies,

bu

sin

ess

cas

e d

eve

lop

me

nt

Evs

and

PH

EVs

(to

tal:

231)

char

gin

g p

oin

ts20

10-2

012

10 R

&D

pro

ject

sD

eve

lop

me

nt

of

nav

igat

ion

eq

uip

me

nt

and

sp

eci

fic

tech

no

logy

gor

EV a

nd

PH

EVs

2010

HyM

ove

Re

gio

nal

(A

rnh

em

-

Nij

me

gen

re

gio

n)

Pro

vin

ce o

f G

eld

erl

and

, Mu

nic

ipal

ity

of

Arn

he

m,

Arn

he

m-N

ijm

ege

n U

rban

Re

gio

n, H

yGe

ar B

.V.,

Ne

dSt

ack

E-Tr

acti

on

Eu

rop

e, V

éB

é v

an S

teij

n B

V,

Co

nn

exx

ion

, HA

N A

uto

mo

tive

Exp

ert

ise

Ce

ntr

e

The

pro

ject

aim

s to

sti

mu

late

th

e u

se a

nd

de

velo

pm

en

t o

f

hyd

roge

n in

tra

nsp

ort

. Th

is is

do

ne

by

bri

ngi

ng

hyd

roge

n t

o

pe

op

le's

att

en

tio

n a

nd

de

velo

pin

g an

hyd

roge

n in

fras

tru

ctu

re in

the

Arn

he

m r

egi

on

.

Hyd

roge

n B

use

s an

d c

ars

2009

-201

1h

ttp

://w

ww

.hym

ove

.nl

/

Hyd

roge

n r

egio

Flan

der

s-So

uth

-

Net

her

lan

ds

Tran

snat

ion

al -

Re

gio

nal

(Fl

and

ers

an

d

Sou

th-H

oll

and

)

Be

lgiu

m a

nd

th

e N

eth

erl

and

s (c

oo

rdin

atio

n:

Wat

ers

tofN

et

vzw

.; P

artn

ers

: Wat

ers

tofN

et

(co

ord

inat

or)

, BO

M (

NL)

, SP

K (

B),

VSW

B (

B),

IMEC

(B

),

Ho

gesc

ho

ol Z

uyd

(N

l), H

oge

sch

oo

l Ze

ela

nd

(N

l),

Un

ive

rsit

y G

en

t (B

), K

are

l

de

Gro

te H

oge

sch

oo

l (B

), P

ow

erl

ink

(B),

EC

N (

Nl)

, So

lvay

(B, K

ath

oli

eke

Ho

gesc

ho

l Lim

bu

rg (

B))

The

aim

of

the

pro

ject

is t

o d

eve

lop

th

e r

egi

on

of

Flan

de

rs-

Sou

the

rn N

eth

erl

and

s as

a k

no

wle

dge

inte

nsi

ve r

egi

on

in t

he

fie

ld o

f h

ydro

gen

ap

pli

cati

on

s, m

akin

g u

se o

f su

stai

nab

ly

pro

du

ced

hyd

roge

n.

The

pro

ject

wil

l re

alis

e t

he

fo

llo

win

g ac

tivi

tie

s:

• th

e d

eve

lop

me

nt

of

hyd

roge

n in

fras

tru

ctu

re –

tw

o “

re-

loca

tab

le”

hyd

roge

n f

ue

l sta

tio

ns

• th

e d

em

on

stra

tio

n o

f e

arly

-mar

ket

app

lica

tio

ns

rele

van

t fo

r th

e

regi

on

(lo

gist

ics,

mar

itim

e, p

ub

lic

tran

spo

rt)

• A

n in

tera

ctiv

e e

du

cati

on

al p

rogr

am

Hyd

roge

nH

ydro

gen

fu

el

stat

ion

s20

09-2

012

htt

p:/

/ww

w.w

ate

rsto

fn

et.

eu

/en

glis

h.h

tml

"Am

ster

dam

Elek

tris

ch"

(Aci

on

Pla

n f

or

Elec

tric

Mo

bili

ty A

mst

erd

am)

Loca

l (A

'dam

)M

un

icip

alit

y o

f A

mst

erd

am

This

pla

n s

ets

ou

t m

eas

ure

s fo

r e

lect

ric

mo

bil

ity

in A

mst

erd

am. I

t

exa

min

es

pri

vate

tra

nsp

ort

, pu

bli

c tr

ansp

ort

an

d g

oo

ds

tran

spo

rt

by

resi

de

nts

, lo

cal c

om

pan

ies

and

vis

ito

rs. T

he

mai

n s

ho

rt-t

erm

ob

ject

ive

s ar

e t

o c

reat

e a

n in

itia

l in

fras

tru

ctu

re o

f ve

hic

le

char

gin

g p

oin

ts, a

nd

to

rai

se t

he

vis

ibil

ity

of

ele

ctri

c tr

ansp

ort

–

and

its

use

rs –

on

th

e s

tre

ets

EVs

and

PH

EVs

• 20

09-2

012:

200

EV

in

Am

ste

rdam

• 20

12-2

015:

10,

000

veh

icle

s,

eq

uiv

ale

nt

to 5

% e

mis

sio

n-

fre

e t

ran

spo

rt

• 20

15-2

020:

40,

000

veh

icle

s,

or

20%

em

issi

on

-fre

e

tran

spo

rt

• 20

20-2

040:

200

,000

veh

icle

s, o

r 10

0% e

mis

sio

n-

fre

e t

ran

spo

rt.

2009

-201

2: 2

00

char

gin

g st

atio

ns

in

Am

ste

rdam

2009

-204

0

htt

p:/

/ww

w.a

mst

erd

am

.nl/

par

kere

n-

verk

ee

r/am

ste

rdam

-

ele

ktri

sch

/am

ste

rdam

-

ele

ctri

c/

Met

rop

oo

lreg

io

Am

ster

dam

Elek

tris

ch

regi

on

al

36 m

un

icip

alit

ies,

pro

vin

ces

of

No

rth

-Ho

llan

d a

nd

Fle

vola

nd

, Me

tro

po

lita

n R

egi

on

of

Am

ste

rdam

, Min

istr

y

of

Wat

erw

ays

and

Pu

bli

c W

ork

s

Re

gio

nal

act

ion

pla

n t

o f

acil

itat

e e

lect

ric

mo

bil

ity

also

ou

tsid

e

the

cit

y o

f A

mst

erd

am. S

up

po

rte

d t

he

nat

ion

al g

ove

rnm

en

t vi

a

the

Gre

en

De

al a

gre

em

en

t.

250

char

gin

g

po

ints

, 3-5

fas

t

char

gin

g st

atio

ns

2011

-201

3

htt

p:/

/ww

w.m

etr

op

oo

l

regi

oam

ste

rdam

.nl/

201

2050

9EV

.htm

l

htt

p:/

/ww

w.s

-

he

rto

gen

bo

sch

.nl/

inw

o

ne

r/m

ilie

u/l

uch

tkw

alit

eit

/maa

tre

gele

n/

htt

p:/

/ww

w.b

rab

ant.

nl/

do

ssie

rs/d

oss

iers

-op

-

the

ma/

verk

ee

r-e

n-

verv

oe

r/o

pe

nb

aar-

verv

oe

r/b

uss

en

.asp

x

Pal

eisk

war

tier

Elec

tric

Loca

l (

's

He

rto

gen

bo

sch

)

Mu

nic

ipal

ity

of

's H

ert

oge

nb

osc

h; B

rab

ant

Wat

er,

Tri

bal

Inte

rne

t So

luti

on

s, d

e R

ech

tsp

raak

, Ric

oh

NL,

Pro

leas

e,

Mo

bil

ity

Mix

; mo

nit

ori

ng

by

stu

de

nts

fro

m H

AS

De

n

Bo

sch

, Ava

ns

and

Kin

g W

illi

am I

Co

lle

ge

Mis

sio

n: t

o p

rovi

de

a s

ou

nd

bu

sin

ess

cas

e c

an b

e f

ou

nd

by

com

bin

ing

ele

ctri

c d

rive

wit

h a

uto

par

ts f

or

use

by

bu

sin

ess

es

and

inst

itu

tio

ns

in t

he

pal

ace

qu

arte

r.

Evs

htt

p:/

/ww

w.e

lekt

risc

he

auto

sde

len

.nl/

he

t-

de

ela

uto

-pro

ject

/on

ze-

mis

sie

"Str

oo

mst

oo

t"

(Ele

ctri

c p

uls

e)Lo

cal (

R'd

am)

Mu

inic

ipal

ity

of

Ro

tte

rdam

This

pla

n s

ets

ou

t m

eas

ure

s fo

r e

lect

ric

mo

bil

ity

in R

ott

erd

am. I

t

exa

min

es

pri

vate

tra

nsp

ort

an

d p

ub

lic

tran

spo

rt.

EVs

and

PH

EVs

• 20

09-2

014:

min

imu

m o

f

1000

EV

• 20

25: m

inim

um

200

,000

veh

icle

s, o

r 10

0% e

mis

sio

n-

fre

e t

ran

spo

rt.

• 20

09-2

014:

125

0

char

gin

g

stat

ion

s(10

00 f

or

no

n-m

uci

pal

use

)

2009

-202

5

htt

p:/

/ww

w.r

ott

erd

amc

lim

ate

init

iati

ve.n

l/n

l/5

0_m

ind

er_

co2/

the

ma_

s

/du

urz

ame

_mo

bil

ite

it_

alge

me

en

?do

ele

n_i

d=1

3

"Ro

tter

dam

Elek

tris

ch"

Loca

l (R

'dam

)M

uin

icip

alit

y o

f R

ott

erd

am; H

NR

| E

V C

en

tru

m; R

ET;

Form

ula

E-t

eam

;

The

mu

nic

ipal

ity

of

Ro

tte

rdam

su

pp

ort

s va

rio

us

init

iati

ves.

So

go

the

re m

ore

hyb

rid

an

d e

lect

ric

dri

ve g

arb

age

tru

cks

and

dri

ve a

ll

the

RET

wit

h f

ou

r al

l-e

lect

ric

hyb

rid

bu

ses

and

a b

us.

Als

o d

rivi

ng

seve

ral e

lect

ric

sco

ote

rs a

rou

nd

th

e c

ity.

Exa

mp

les:

Sco

ote

r 2.

0e:

a fr

ee

we

ek-

lon

g e

lect

ric

sco

ote

rin

g; E

-bik

e, t

ry it

yo

urs

elf

fro

m

you

r co

mp

any;

RET

em

issi

on

-fre

e d

rivi

ng

wit

h e

-bu

sz ;

Ele

ctri

c

garb

age

tru

ck: w

aste

fu

el!

EVs

(bik

es,

sco

ote

rs a

nd

car

s)20

09-2

025

htt

p:/

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w.r

ott

erd

am.

nl/

rott

erd

ame

lekt

risc

hr

oje

cte

n;

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p:/

/ww

w.e

lect

ricf

an

tast

ic.n

l/

htt

p:/

/ww

w.u

tre

cht.

nl/

imag

es/

Secr

eta

rie

/Co

m

mu

nic

atie

/Be

stu

ure

nO

r

gan

isat

ie/r

aad

/Raa

d%

2

0- %20

Act

iep

lan

%20

Luch

tk

wal

ite

it.p

df

htt

p:/

/ww

w.u

tre

cht.

nl/

smar

tsit

e.d

ws?

id=3

4504

4

EVC

ITY:

Int

ellig

ent

Ener

gy E

ffic

ien

t

Bu

ildin

gs a

nd

Cit

ies

tran

snat

ion

al

(Be

Ne

Lux)

VIT

O, K

IC In

no

Ene

rgy,

CIT

CEA

, ETS

EI

EVC

ITY

wil

l se

t u

p a

gu

ide

lin

e f

or

citi

es

and

all

sta

keh

old

ers

invo

lve

d in

th

e r

oll

-ou

t o

f e

lect

ric

veh

icle

s an

d s

up

po

rtin

g

infr

astr

uct

ure

. Th

is g

uid

eli

ne

wil

l de

scri

be

th

e m

arke

t ro

les

and

bu

sin

ess

op

po

rtu

nit

ies

for

ne

w p

rod

uct

s/se

rvic

es

in t

his

ne

w

mo

bil

ity

and

, par

tly

regu

late

d, e

ne

rgy

mar

ket.

Evs

2011

-201

3

htt

p:/

/ww

w.k

ic-

inn

oe

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rgy.

com

/in

no

va

tio

n-p

roje

cts.

htm

l

E-LA

AD

nat

ion

al

E-l

aad

Fo

un

dat

ion

(“E

-lo

ad”)

was

a c

on

sort

ium

init

iate

d

in 2

010

by

the

co

op

era

tin

g re

gio

nal

ele

ctri

city

gri

d

op

era

tors

of

the

Ne

the

rlan

ds

The

ob

ject

ive

is t

o e

stab

lish

10,

000

char

gin

g p

oin

ts in

to

tal f

or

pu

bli

c sp

ace

s co

mp

risi

ng

2,00

0 ch

argi

ng

spo

ts r

eq

ue

ste

d b

y

mu

nic

ipal

itie

s (o

ne

ch

argi

ng

po

int

pe

r 10

,000

inh

abit

ants

) an

d

8,00

0 ch

argi

ng

spo

ts r

eq

ue

ste

d b

y EV

dri

vers

(th

rou

gh a

de

ale

r

org

aniz

atio

n).

E-la

ad a

ssis

ts c

om

mu

nit

ies

wit

h lo

cal a

ctio

n p

lan

s fo

r

ele

ctro

mo

bil

ity

usi

ng

oth

er

Du

tch

mo

bil

ity

pla

ns

as e

xam

ple

s.

The

y re

fle

ct t

he

po

licy

an

d a

ctiv

itie

s to

mak

e e

lect

ric

mo

bil

ity

acce

pte

d a

nd

we

lco

me

d in

to t

he

str

ee

ts o

f co

mm

un

itie

s w

ish

ing

to p

arti

cip

ate

in t

he

ne

w E

V e

ra.

Ev C

har

gin

g

Stat

ion

s (2

012:

1500

; 202

0: 1

0.00

0

char

gin

g st

atio

ns)

2010

-?

htt

p:/

/ww

w.e

-laa

d.n

l/

2011

-202

0

• 20

09-2

011:

min

imu

m o

f 30

0

char

gin

g st

atio

ns;

• 20

14: 3

00-1

000

char

gin

g st

atio

ns

2009

-201

5

ALU

(A

ctio

n P

lan

on

Qu

alit

y A

ir U

trec

ht)

-

"Utr

ech

t El

ektr

isch

"Lo

cal (

Utr

ech

t)M

un

icip

alit

y o

f U

tre

cht

The

pla

n h

as b

ee

n la

un

che

d t

o m

ee

t ai

r q

ual

ity

targ

ets

by

2015

,

thro

ugh

: cle

an b

use

s, c

lean

cit

y d

istr

ibu

tio

n, e

lect

rifi

cati

on

of

the

mn

un

icia

pl c

ar f

lee

t an

d m

ob

ilit

y m

anag

em

en

t o

f fr

eig

ht

tran

spo

rt. G

OA

L: r

ed

uce

tra

ffic

by

30%

in in

ne

r ci

ty (

2030

)

EVs

and

PH

EVs

• 20

09-2

011:

min

imu

m o

f 20

0

EV a

nd

5 m

un

icip

al E

Vs

• 20

25: m

inim

um

5.0

00

veh

icle

s an

d 6

0 m

un

icip

al

Evs

INIT

IATI

VE

Nat

ion

al A

ctio

n P

lan

for

Elec

tric

Dri

vin

g

Ce

ntr

al g

ove

rnm

en

t (T

he

Ne

the

rlan

ds

(NL)

Age

ncy

,

fro

m M

inis

try

of

Eco

no

mic

Aff

airs

, Agr

icu

ltu

re, a

nd

Inn

ova

tio

n);

loca

l an

d r

egi

on

al a

uth

ori

tie

s; c

om

pan

ies

EVs

and

PH

EVs

(al

read

y

exi

stin

g: e

xpre

ss b

us,

2

pas

sen

ger

cars

an

d 2

sco

ote

rs)

Ch

argi

ng

stat

ion

s

(alr

ead

y e

xist

ing:

11)

s H

ert

oge

nb

osc

h

Elec

tric

Mo

bili

ty

Loca

l (

's

He

rto

gen

bo

sch

)M

un

icip

alit

y o

f 's

He

rto

gen

bo

sch

Ob

ject

ive

s: m

inim

um

of

10%

of

Evs,

bas

ed

on

a r

egi

on

al o

bje

ctiv

e

of

200,

000

Evs

in N

oo

rd-B

rab

ant

Pro

vin

ce;

The

's-H

ert

oge

nb

osc

h h

as t

wo

ele

ctri

c ca

rs a

nd

tw

o e

lect

ric

sco

ote

rs in

use

Esse

nt

and

En

exi

s u

se o

f e

lect

ric

cars

an

d s

coo

ters

Gre

en

wh

ee

ls p

ut

two

ele

ctri

c ca

rs in

par

t

CH

AR

AC

TER

ISTI

CS

52

GER

MA

NY

Pro

gram

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roje

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ilot

pro

ject

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atia

l Le

vel

Stak

eh

old

ers

De

scri

pti

on

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bje

ctiv

es,

str

ate

gie

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olic

ies

Typ

e o

f ve

hic

les

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astr

uct

ure

Star

t/ E

nd

dat

eW

eb

site

Mo

de

llre

gio

ne

n

Ele

ktro

mo

bili

tät

8 e

lect

ric

mo

bil

ity

mo

de

l

regi

on

s: 1

.Ham

bu

rg, 2

.Bre

me

n

/ O

lde

nb

urg

3.R

hin

e-R

uh

r (A

ach

en

an

d

Mü

nst

er)

4.R

hin

e-M

ain

5.Sa

xon

y (D

resd

en

an

d L

eip

zig,

wit

h e

mp

has

is)

6.St

utt

gart

,

7.M

un

ich

, 8.B

erl

in-P

ots

dam

nat

ion

al (

8

me

tro

plo

itan

regi

on

s)

Fed

era

l Min

istr

y o

f Tr

ansp

ort

, Bu

ild

ing

and

Urb

an D

eve

lop

me

nt

(BM

VB

S);

Nat

ion

al O

rgan

isat

ion

fo

r H

ydro

gen

an

d

Fue

l Ce

ll T

ech

no

logy

(N

OW

); A

cad

em

ia

and

Ind

ust

ry

8 se

lect

ed

re

gio

ns

in G

erm

any,

am

on

g

the

m t

he

Me

tro

po

lita

n R

egi

on

of

Ham

bu

rg a

s w

ell

as

Bre

me

n-O

lde

nb

urg

,

hav

e b

ee

n p

rovi

de

d w

ith

fu

nd

ing

to

fost

er

sust

ain

able

mo

bil

ity

Ele

ctri

c an

d o

the

r

cle

an m

od

es

(hyd

roge

n, f

ue

l ce

ll)

2009

-201

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har

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Do

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tml

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aufe

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ktro

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lt o

f

app

lica

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l Min

istr

y o

f Tr

ansp

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ild

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and

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an D

eve

lop

me

nt

(BM

VB

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larg

e-s

cale

re

gio

nal

de

mo

nst

rati

on

an

d

pil

ot

pro

ject

s, in

wh

ich

ele

ctri

c ve

hic

les

is c

oll

ect

ed

an

d m

ade

vis

ible

inte

rnat

ion

ally

. Fo

r th

is p

urp

ose

, th

e

fed

era

l go

vern

me

nt

pro

vid

es

fun

ds

to

the

tu

ne

of

180

mil

lio

n €

.

EV (

2020

: 1 m

ill

Ap

ril 2

012

-

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rreg

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eM

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ON

tran

snat

ion

al

(Ge

rman

y an

d

De

nm

ark)

Lead

par

tne

rer:

Ud

vikl

ings

Råd

Ju

tlan

d

(UR

S)

Pro

ject

par

tne

rs:

Un

ive

rsit

y o

f So

uth

ern

, Mad

s C

lau

sen

Inst

itu

te, S

on

de

rbo

rg (

SDU

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I),

Un

ive

rsit

y o

f So

uth

ern

, In

stit

ute

of

Tech

no

logy

an

d In

no

vati

on

- O

de

nse

(SD

U-I

TI)

Fa

chh

och

sch

ule

Fle

nsb

urg

(FH

-FL)

Un

ive

rsit

y o

f A

pp

lie

d S

cie

nce

s

Kie

l (FH

Kie

l),

Ch

rist

ian

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rech

ts

Un

ive

rsit

y in

Kie

l ( C

AU

)

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vis

ion

of

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oti

on

, is

that

th

e r

egi

on

of

Sch

lesw

ig-K

ERN

an

d S

ydd

anm

ark

the

Enrw

ickl

un

g, m

anu

fact

ure

an

d

dis

trib

uti

on

of

rugg

ed

, re

liab

le a

nd

en

erg

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ffic

ien

t co

mp

on

en

ts a

nd

syst

em

s b

ein

g d

eve

lop

ed

wit

hin

sele

cte

d n

ich

e m

arke

ts t

o b

eco

me

a

lead

ing

sup

pli

er

of

ele

ctri

c m

ob

ilit

y

ind

ust

ry

ele

ctro

mo

bil

ity

–

de

velo

pm

en

t an

d

de

plo

yme

nt

of

tech

no

logi

es

en

abli

ng

sust

ain

able

ele

ctri

c

mo

bil

ity

01.1

0.20

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en

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oti

on

eu

rop

ean

leve

l

43 p

artn

ers

fro

m a

ll o

ver

Euro

pe

,

incl

ud

ing:

ind

ust

rie

s, m

un

icip

alit

ies,

EV

man

ufa

ctu

rers

, R&

D in

stit

uti

on

s,

un

ive

rsit

ies

and

uti

liti

es

com

pan

ies

con

ne

ct o

ngo

ing

regi

on

al a

nd

nat

ion

al

ele

ctro

mo

bil

ity

init

iati

ves

leve

ragi

ng

on

the

re

sult

s an

d c

om

par

ing

the

dif

fere

nt

tech

no

logy

ap

pro

ach

es

to e

nsu

re t

he

be

st s

olu

tio

ns

pre

vail

fo

r th

e E

uro

pe

an

mar

ket.

A v

irtu

al m

arke

tpla

ce w

ill b

e

cre

ate

d t

o e

nab

le t

he

dif

fere

nt

acto

rs t

o

inte

ract

an

d t

o a

llo

w f

or

ne

w h

igh

valu

e

tran

spo

rtat

ion

se

rvic

es

as w

ell

as

EV-

use

r co

nve

nie

nce

in b

illi

ng

(EU

Cle

arin

g

Ho

use

).

Urb

an e

lect

rom

ob

ilit

y co

nce

pts

,

po

lici

es

and

re

gula

tio

ns

The

intr

od

uct

ion

of

ele

ctro

mo

bil

ity

is a

s co

mp

lex

as it

is c

hal

len

gin

g. It

re

lie

s o

n a

stro

ng,

lon

g-te

rm v

isio

n a

nd

th

e

de

dic

atio

n o

f m

un

icip

alit

ies

and

loca

l ele

ctri

city

pro

vid

ers

. WP

2

wil

l ass

es

the

dif

fere

nt

con

cep

ts

for

a ro

llo

ut

fro

m a

mu

nic

ipal

ity

pla

nn

ing

and

po

licy

pe

rsp

ect

ive

.

The

ke

y fe

atu

res

wh

ich

are

ne

cess

ary

for

a su

cce

ssfu

l mas

s

roll

ou

t o

f e

lect

ric

cars

in E

uro

pe

wil

l be

de

term

ine

d.

EV

Ele

ctro

mo

bil

ity

serv

ice

s /

ICT

solu

tio

ns

off

eri

ng

a m

ult

itu

de

of

bas

ic a

nd

ad

van

ced

serv

ice

s to

th

e d

rive

r. T

he

inte

grat

ion

of

the

se

serv

ice

s w

ill a

llo

w t

he

usa

bil

ity

for

the

en

d u

ser

wit

ho

ut

regi

on

al

lim

itat

ion

s (e

.g. w

ith

roam

ing

or

rech

argi

ng

loca

tio

n s

erv

ice

s) a

nd

wil

l

en

able

th

e r

eal

izat

ion

of

eco

no

mie

s o

f sc

ale

fo

r

adva

nce

d s

erv

ice

off

eri

ngs

like

fle

et

man

age

me

nt.

2008

-201

2h

ttp

://w

ww

.gre

en

em

oti

on

-pro

ject

.eu

/

Inte

rreg

IV

B’s

ENEV

ATE

- E

uro

pea

n

Net

wo

rk o

f El

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ion

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d 7

00

sem

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c an

d p

ub

lic

EV c

har

ge s

tati

on

s.

2012

-201

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ttp

://w

ww

.ch

oo

sev.

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glis

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Test

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57

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de

/860

7

Ene

rgy–

eff

icie

nt

Ro

ad

Ve

hic

les

nat

ion

al

Sw

ed

ish

En

erg

y A

gen

cy

(En

erg

imyn

dig

he

ten

), V

olv

o,

Vin

no

va

Seve

ral r

ese

arch

pro

ject

s d

eal

ing

wit

h b

atte

rie

s, f

ue

l ce

lls,

an

d

oth

er

veh

icle

co

mp

on

en

ts t

hat

use

ele

ctri

city

as

a m

ean

s o

f

imp

rovi

ng

en

erg

y e

ffic

ien

cy. T

he

pro

gram

me

is a

co

nti

nu

atio

n o

f a

pre

vio

us

pro

gram

an

d n

ow

co

nce

ntr

ate

s o

n h

ybri

d v

eh

icle

s,

esp

eci

ally

th

eir

dri

ve s

yste

ms,

bat

tery

te

chn

olo

gy, d

iese

l re

form

ers

for

fue

l ce

lls,

an

d t

he

arc

hit

ect

ure

of

hyb

rid

sys

tem

s.

Vis

ion

an

d g

oal

s:

nat

ion

al a

nd

inte

rnat

ion

al e

ffo

rts

in

the

are

a re

ach

ing

tech

no

logy

th

at

mak

es

it p

oss

ible

to

ach

ieve

rad

ical

en

erg

y e

ffic

ien

cy a

nd

fo

ssil

-fu

el

ind

ep

en

de

nt

ligh

t an

d h

eav

y

veh

icle

s; b

uil

d u

p e

xpe

rtis

e in

th

e

auto

mo

tive

se

cto

r st

rate

gic

are

as

by

sup

po

rtin

g ta

rge

ted

re

sear

ch a

t

Swe

dis

h u

niv

ers

itie

s;

To s

tre

ngt

he

n t

he

se a

reas

of

exp

ert

ise

can

be

cru

cial

to

Sw

ed

en

in t

he

fu

ture

be

ass

ign

ed

to

ne

w o

r

reta

in e

xist

ing

de

velo

pm

en

t an

d

pro

du

ctio

n u

nit

s in

th

e la

rge

ly

fore

ign

-ow

ne

d S

we

dis

h

auto

mo

tive

ind

ust

ry.

EV, H

EV20

10-2

030

htt

p:/

/en

erg

imyn

dig

he

t

en

.se

/Fo

rskn

ing/

Tran

spo

rtfo

rskn

ing1

/En

erg

ieff

ek

tiva

-vag

ford

on

/

SEV

S –

Safe

, Ele

ctri

c

and

Hyb

rid

no

vel

Ve

hic

leS

nat

ion

al

Swe

dis

h H

ybri

d V

eh

icle

Ce

ntr

e

(SH

C).

Par

tne

rs: S

we

de

n’s

auto

mo

tive

ind

ust

ry, l

ead

ing

un

ive

rsit

ies

and

go

vern

me

nt

age

nci

es

The

pro

ject

is d

ivid

ed

into

tw

o s

ub

pro

ject

s; 1

a Sc

en

ario

De

fin

itio

n

and

1b

Ve

hic

le A

rch

ite

ctu

re. D

uri

ng

this

au

tum

n t

he

pro

ject

is

focu

sin

g o

n t

he

Sce

nar

io p

lan

nin

g p

roce

ss, w

ith

th

e a

im a

t

de

scri

bin

g th

e s

ust

ain

able

mo

bil

ity

solu

tio

ns

for

goo

ds

and

pe

op

le

by

2030

+. W

e h

ave

du

rin

g o

ur

wo

rksh

op

s id

en

tifi

ed

Ke

y D

rive

r fo

r

Ch

ange

th

at w

ill s

hap

e t

he

fu

ture

. Wit

h t

he

se k

ey

dri

vers

as

a b

asis

we

hav

e in

vite

d s

pe

ake

rs r

ep

rese

nti

ng

dif

fere

nt

Soci

ety

pe

rsp

ect

ive

s, e

.g.C

ity

Pla

nn

ing,

En

erg

y su

pp

ly, L

ife

sty

le,

Envi

ron

me

nt,

Po

liti

cal a

nd

legi

slat

ion

, Tra

nsp

ort

an

d lo

gist

ics.

EV, H

EV20

09-2

030

htt

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w.c

hal

me

rs.s

e

/saf

er/

EN/n

ew

s/e

ven

ts/

sevs

-821

1-sa

fe-e

lect

ric

Re

kkEV

idd

en

atio

nal

Pro

ject

ow

ne

r: G

ree

n N

et

Fin

lan

d

(FI)

Par

tne

rs: T

ech

nic

al R

ese

arch

Ce

ntr

e o

f Fi

nla

nd

(FI

), T

est

Sit

e

Swe

de

n (

TSS-

SE),

Cit

y o

f

Sto

ckh

olm

(SE

), T

he

Inst

itu

te o

f

Tran

spo

rt E

con

om

ics

(NO

),

Ice

lan

dic

Ne

w E

ne

rgy

(IS)

Pro

du

ce r

eal

isti

c p

erf

orm

ance

fig

ure

s fo

r EV

s at

trib

ute

d t

o N

ord

ic

dri

vin

g an

d w

eat

he

r co

nd

itio

ns

Agr

ee

wh

at k

ind

of

add

itio

nal

te

stin

g is

do

ne

fo

r EV

’s a

par

t fr

om

th

e

regu

lato

ry t

est

(EC

ER N

o. 1

01)

EV20

11-2

013

htt

p:/

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ne

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nd

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ansp

ort

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t/

InM

oti

on

loca

lM

un

icip

alit

y o

f G

öte

bo

rg

The

Mu

nic

ipal

ity

curr

en

tly

hav

e a

nu

mb

er

of

EVs

in t

he

ir f

lee

t (t

he

y

op

era

te t

he

cit

y´s

veh

icle

fle

et)

an

d c

oo

pe

rate

wit

h t

he

nat

ion

al

pro

gram

Te

st S

ite

Sw

ed

en

re

gard

ing

foll

ow

up

of

exp

eri

en

ces

as

we

ll a

s d

ata

coll

ect

ion

.

Evs

2010

-202

0

htt

p:/

/ww

w.v

artg

ote

bo

r

g.se

/pro

d/s

k/va

rgo

tnu

.n

sf/1

/tra

fik,

har

dar

e_r

egl

e

r_fo

r_m

iljo

bil

ar_i

_go

teb

org

s_st

ad

Fast

Ch

argi

ng

char

gin

g p

ilo

t

pro

ject

regi

on

al (

Väs

tra

Gö

tala

nd

)

TSS

- Te

st S

ite

Sw

ed

en

,

CH

Ad

eM

o. P

artn

ers

: Gö

teb

org

Ene

rgi (

char

ger

inst

alla

tio

n),

AB

B

(ch

arge

r su

pp

lie

r), T

urn

ing

Po

int

(ch

arge

r su

pp

lie

r)

This

pro

ject

wil

l de

plo

y tw

o C

HA

de

MO

fas

t ch

arge

sta

tio

ns

(on

e

man

ufa

ctu

red

by

AB

B a

nd

on

e b

y D

BT)

in t

he

Go

the

nb

urg

are

a an

d

pe

rfo

rm t

est

s w

ith

EV

s. T

he

pu

rpo

se is

to

est

abli

sh a

te

st

en

viro

nm

en

t th

at is

op

en

fo

r o

rgan

izat

ion

s th

at h

as a

ne

ed

of

test

ing

EV f

ast

char

gin

g.

Ch

argi

ng

stat

ion

s20

11

htt

p:/

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w.t

est

site

swe

de

n.c

om

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ject

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st-

char

gin

g

ELV

IIS:

Ele

ctri

c V

eh

icle

Inte

llige

nt

Infr

a

Stru

ctu

re"

nat

ion

alTh

e V

ikto

ria

Inst

itu

te, G

öte

bo

rg

Ene

rgi,

Eri

csso

n, V

olv

o, I

nM

oti

on

Stim

ula

te t

he

mar

ket

intr

od

uct

ion

of

Evs

by

mak

ing

the

m e

asie

r to

ow

n a

nd

use

, en

able

d b

y an

inte

llig

en

t in

fras

tru

ctu

re, s

up

po

rte

d b

y

info

rmat

ion

an

d c

om

mu

nca

tio

n t

ech

no

logy

(IC

T).

EV20

08-2

009

htt

ps:

//w

ww

.vik

tori

a.se

/

file

s/e

lvii

s_co

nte

nt_

sum

mar

y_v6

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f

Mo

bilE

llo

cal

(Sto

ckh

olm

)

Co

orp

era

tio

n T

SS -

Te

st S

ite

Swe

de

n a

nd

AN

L- A

rgo

nn

e

Nat

ion

al L

abo

rato

ry.

Swe

dis

h

Ene

rgy

Age

ncy

, th

e C

ity

of

Sto

ckh

olm

an

d F

OR

TUM

co

mp

any

The

pro

gram

mat

ic o

bje

ctiv

e w

as t

o p

rom

ote

PH

EV t

ech

no

logy

by

de

velo

pin

g a

com

mo

n u

nd

ers

tan

din

g o

f th

e k

ey

issu

es/

bar

rie

rs a

nd

shar

ing

or

join

tly

de

velo

pin

g ‘b

est

-pra

ctic

e’ m

eth

od

olo

gie

s an

d

too

ls t

o s

up

po

rt P

HEV

de

velo

pm

en

t. A

NL

also

su

pp

ort

ed

th

e

Mo

bil

EL –

pro

ject

(ru

n b

y Fo

rtu

m a

nd

th

e C

ity

of

Sto

ckh

olm

) w

ith

dat

a co

lle

ctio

n s

yste

ms.

PH

EV20

08-2

009

htt

p:/

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w.t

est

site

swe

de

n.c

om

/en

viro

nm

en

t/e

lect

ric-

veh

icle

-

fle

ets

/ph

ev-

con

vers

ion

s

The

Sw

ed

ish

EV

Pro

cure

me

nt

nat

ion

al

Vat

ten

fall

, Eva

Su

nn

ers

ted

t,

Sto

ckh

olm

s st

ad, T

SS-

Test

Sid

e

Swe

de

n, S

KL

Ko

mm

en

tus,

Swe

dis

h E

ne

rgy

Age

ncy

,

Au

tom

ake

rs (

Re

anu

lt, C

itro

ën

,

Saab

, Ch

revo

let)

Nat

ion

al p

rocu

rem

en

t re

sult

ing

in f

ram

e w

ork

agr

ee

me

nts

rega

rdin

g e

lect

ric

veh

icle

s (p

ure

ele

ctri

cal v

eh

icle

s an

d p

lug-

in

hyb

rid

s) f

rom

six

dif

fere

nt

sup

pli

ers

.

Evs

(250

pe

r

year

)C

har

gin

g p

oin

ts20

11-2

030

htt

p:/

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w.e

lbil

sup

ph

a

nd

lin

g.se

/en

/

Mo

ve A

bo

ut

loca

l

(Go

the

nb

urg

)

Mo

ve A

bo

ut,

TSS

- T

est

Sit

e

Swe

de

n, T

HIN

G, L

ind

ho

lme

n

Scie

nce

Par

k

Mo

ve A

bo

ut

dri

ves

bo

th o

pe

n a

nd

clo

sed

car

sh

arin

g se

rvic

es,

fo

r

ind

ivid

ual

s an

d b

usi

ne

sse

s. T

he

bu

sin

ess

mo

de

l is

de

sign

ed

so

th

at

key

ele

me

nts

can

be

imp

lem

en

ted

in s

eve

ral c

itie

s in

th

e w

orl

d.

Evs

2008

-h

ttp

://w

ww

.mo

veab

ou

t.

se/o

m

Hyp

er

Bu

slo

cal

(Go

the

nb

urg

)

Go

the

nb

urg

wil

l be

th

e t

est

ve

nu

e f

or

a n

ew

hyb

rid

bu

s w

ith

plu

g in

-

tech

no

logy

. Bu

ses

and

ch

argi

ng

stat

ion

s w

ill b

e t

est

ed

in r

egu

lar

traf

fic

in t

rue

cit

y co

nd

itio

ns.

Pro

ject

Hyp

er

Bu

s —

wh

ich

was

just

awar

de

d a

n E

U g

ran

t o

f SE

K 1

4 m

illi

on

as

par

t o

f b

ud

get

tota

lin

g SE

K

28 m

illi

on

— b

ega

n o

pe

rati

ng

on

Se

pte

mb

er

1, 2

011

and

wil

l ru

n

un

til 2

014.

HEV

2011

-201

4

htt

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gels

kwe

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pla

ts/h

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thyp

erb

us.

4.7f

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2

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htm

l

Gre

en

Hig

hw

ay (

EL6

Gö

teb

org

- O

slo

)

tran

san

tio

nal

(No

rway

an

d

Swe

de

n)

Sun

dsv

all a

nd

Öst

ers

un

d in

Swe

de

n a

nd

Tro

nd

he

im in

No

rway

A f

oss

il-f

ree

tra

nsp

ort

co

rrid

or

acro

ss M

id-S

can

din

avia

by

2020

;

GO

ALS

: Co

nst

ruct

ion

of

the

wo

rld

's lo

nge

st m

ain

ro

ad s

yste

m,

Co

nst

ruct

ion

of

qu

ick-

char

gin

g st

atio

ns;

Est

abli

shm

en

t o

f a

fill

ing

infr

astr

uct

ure

fo

r b

iofu

els

: bio

gas,

bio

die

sel (

RM

E) a

nd

bio

eth

ano

l;

Pro

mo

tio

n o

f th

e u

se o

f EV

s;

Pe

rfo

rman

ce o

f a

larg

e t

est

pro

gram

fo

r EV

s, in

clu

din

g lo

ng-

term

pe

rfo

rman

ce t

est

ing

in t

he

win

ter

clim

ate

in Ö

ste

rsu

nd

;

De

velo

pm

en

t o

f a

pro

toty

pe

ele

ctri

c sn

ow

sco

ote

r; D

eve

lop

me

nt

of

inte

rne

t-b

ase

d c

om

mu

nic

atio

n s

yste

ms

thro

ugh

wh

ich

tra

vell

ers

can

pla

n r

ou

tes

usi

ng

pu

bli

c tr

ansp

ort

, in

clu

din

g d

eta

ils

of

the

carb

on

fo

otp

rin

t fo

r th

e d

iffe

ren

t ro

ute

s.

De

velo

pm

en

t o

f a

me

eti

ng

pla

nn

er

that

pro

vid

es

op

tim

al m

ee

tin

g

loca

tio

ns

to m

inim

ize

tim

e, c

ost

s an

d e

mis

sio

ns.

Pu

bli

cati

on

of

a co

mp

lete

'Bu

yers

Gu

ide

fo

r El

ect

ric

and

Plu

g-in

Hyb

rid

Car

s', w

hic

h is

up

dat

ed

an

nu

ally

.

Esta

bli

shm

en

t o

f a

taxi

pro

ject

wit

h e

lect

ric

veh

icle

s in

Tro

nd

he

im.

Evs

(tax

i EV

)

char

ge in

fras

tru

ctu

re

alo

ng

the

ro

ad E

6

be

twe

en

Gö

teb

org

and

Osl

o),

in a

to

tal

of

447k

m. C

har

gin

g

stai

on

s (9

4) a

nd

char

gin

g p

oin

ts (

240)

2010

-202

0

htt

p:/

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w.g

ree

nh

igh

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ay.n

u/i

nd

ex.

ph

p/g

ree

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igh

way

en

glis

h

ELV

IRE

tran

snat

ion

al (

6

eu

rop

ean

cou

ntr

ies)

11 p

artn

ers

: Re

nau

lt, V

olk

swag

en

,

Co

nti

ne

nta

l, S

AP

, EN

DES

A, C

EA-

LIST

, Be

tte

r P

lace

, Era

smu

s

Un

ive

rsit

y C

oll

ege

, ATB

Bre

me

n,

Lin

dh

olm

en

Sci

en

ce P

ark

Akt

ieb

ola

g, E

RP

C

The

pro

ject

’s p

urp

ose

is t

o d

eve

lop

an

eff

ect

ive

sys

tem

wh

ich

is

able

to

ne

utr

aliz

e t

he

dri

ver’

s "r

ange

an

xie

ty",

i.e

. th

e f

ear

to

bre

ak

do

wn

du

e t

o t

he

ve

hic

le’s

po

we

r ra

nge

lim

itat

ion

. In

ord

er

to e

ase

and

op

tim

ize

en

erg

y m

anag

em

en

t o

f El

ect

ric

Ve

hic

les

(EV

) an

d t

o

cop

e w

ith

th

e s

par

se d

istr

ibu

tio

n o

f e

lect

rica

l su

pp

ly p

oin

ts d

uri

ng

the

ram

p-u

p p

has

e, i

nn

ova

tive

Info

rmat

ion

an

d C

om

mu

nic

atio

ns

Tech

no

logi

es

and

se

rvic

e c

on

cep

ts w

ill b

e d

eve

lop

ed

.

2010

-201

2h

ttp

://w

ww

.elv

ire

.eu

/

INIT

IATI

VE

CH

AR

AC

TER

ISTI

CS

59

SWED

EN

Pro

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nat

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age

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no

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e

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du

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rdo

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po

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rup

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pri

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su

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amm

es:

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stai

nab

le P

rod

uct

ion

Tech

no

logy

, Ve

hic

le D

eve

lop

me

nt,

Tra

nsp

ort

Eff

icie

ncy

, Ve

hic

le a

nd

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fic

Safe

ty, a

nd

En

erg

y an

d E

nvi

ron

me

nt.

FF

I

wil

l co

ntr

ibu

te t

o t

he

fo

llo

win

g m

ain

go

als:

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du

cin

g th

e e

nvi

ron

me

nta

l im

pac

t o

f tr

ansp

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du

cin

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e

nu

mb

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tra

ffic

an

d S

tre

ngt

he

nin

g in

tern

atio

nal

com

pe

titi

ven

ess

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Evs

2009

-202

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nat

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cle

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pu

rpo

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th

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roje

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to

su

pp

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th

e

intr

od

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ele

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ars

dri

ven

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win

d a

nd

wit

h t

his

go

al

acco

mp

lish

an

en

viro

nm

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tal f

rie

nd

ly c

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in c

om

bin

atio

n w

ith

de

velo

pm

en

t o

f w

ind

po

we

r an

d c

ar in

du

stry

in S

we

de

n.

Evs

(100

0)20

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plu

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bil

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liEV

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sin

ess

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itio

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eve

lop

ing

ne

w b

usi

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od

els

fo

r e

lect

ric

cars

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e

pla

n is

als

o t

o d

em

on

stra

te h

ow

th

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igh

t w

ork

in p

ract

ice

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r

wo

rk is

th

ere

fore

to

de

velo

p a

n in

form

atio

n a

nd

co

mm

un

icat

ion

syst

em

wh

ich

incl

ud

es

pay

me

nt

solu

tio

ns

that

su

pp

ort

th

e n

ew

bu

sin

ess

mo

de

ls.

Evs

2011

-201

4h

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w.v

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se/

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de

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icie

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ad

Ve

hic

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nat

ion

al

Sw

ed

ish

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erg

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gen

cy

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erg

imyn

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ten

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olv

o,

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no

va

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ral r

ese

arch

pro

ject

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eal

ing

wit

h b

atte

rie

s, f

ue

l ce

lls,

an

d

oth

er

veh

icle

co

mp

on

en

ts t

hat

use

ele

ctri

city

as

a m

ean

s o

f

imp

rovi

ng

en

erg

y e

ffic

ien

cy. T

he

pro

gram

me

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nti

nu

atio

n o

f a

pre

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us

pro

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d n

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ally

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chn

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gy, d

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l re

form

ers

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l ce

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he

arc

hit

ect

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tem

s.

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ion

an

d g

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nat

ion

al a

nd

inte

rnat

ion

al e

ffo

rts

in

the

are

a re

ach

ing

tech

no

logy

th

at

mak

es

it p

oss

ible

to

ach

ieve

rad

ical

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erg

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ffic

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cy a

nd

fo

ssil

-fu

el

ind

ep

en

de

nt

ligh

t an

d h

eav

y

veh

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s; b

uil

d u

p e

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e in

th

e

auto

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se

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rate

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are

as

by

sup

po

rtin

g ta

rge

ted

re

sear

ch a

t

Swe

dis

h u

niv

ers

itie

s;

To s

tre

ngt

he

n t

he

se a

reas

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be

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Sw

ed

en

in t

he

fu

ture

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ass

ign

ed

to

ne

w o

r

reta

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velo

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e la

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ly

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we

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h

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mo

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ry.

EV, H

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S –

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rid

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hic

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nat

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tne

rs: S

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ive

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and

go

vern

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es

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pro

ject

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ivid

ed

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tw

o s

ub

pro

ject

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fin

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and

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hic

le A

rch

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uri

ng

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tum

n t

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sin

g o

n t

he

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nar

io p

lan

nin

g p

roce

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ith

th

e a

im a

t

de

scri

bin

g th

e s

ust

ain

able

mo

bil

ity

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tio

ns

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ds

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pe

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le

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e t

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ture

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h t

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d s

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ep

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nti

ng

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fere

nt

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ety

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ect

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ity

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nn

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erg

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pp

ly, L

ife

sty

le,

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ron

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nt,

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liti

cal a

nd

legi

slat

ion

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nsp

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du

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fig

ure

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r EV

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y

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te t

he

cit

y´s

veh

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fle

et)

an

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rate

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h t

he

nat

ion

al

pro

gram

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st S

ite

Sw

ed

en

re

gard

ing

foll

ow

up

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exp

eri

en

ces

as

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ll a

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ata

coll

ect

ion

.

Evs

2010

-202

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ind

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e w

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Evs

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wh

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awar

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ud

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K

28 m

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on

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ega

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pte

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1, 2

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wil

l ru

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2011

-201

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EL6

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slo

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tran

san

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nal

(No

rway

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d

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de

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Sun

dsv

all a

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de

n a

nd

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acro

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id-S

can

din

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by

2020

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nst

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the

wo

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ain

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term

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win

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240)

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lop

ed

.

2010

-201

2h

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tern

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pe

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Evs

2009

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Evs

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4h

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ue

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veh

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co

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use

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ach

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tech

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logy

th

at

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erg

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nd

fo

ssil

-fu

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ind

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de

nt

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d h

eav

y

veh

icle

s; b

uil

d u

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xpe

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e in

th

e

auto

mo

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se

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rge

ted

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sear

ch a

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dis

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itie

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in t

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fu

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ass

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ne

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reta

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velo

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pro

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nit

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vern

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pro

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ub

pro

ject

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a Sc

en

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fin

itio

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and

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hic

le A

rch

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uri

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this

au

tum

n t

he

pro

ject

is

focu

sin

g o

n t

he

Sce

nar

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lan

nin

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roce

ss, w

ith

th

e a

im a

t

de

scri

bin

g th

e s

ust

ain

able

mo

bil

ity

solu

tio

ns

for

goo

ds

and

pe

op

le

by

2030

+. W

e h

ave

du

rin

g o

ur

wo

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op

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en

tifi

ed

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y D

rive

r fo

r

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ange

th

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ill s

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e t

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fu

ture

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h t

he

se k

ey

dri

vers

as

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asis

we

hav

e in

vite

d s

pe

ake

rs r

ep

rese

nti

ng

dif

fere

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Soci

ety

pe

rsp

ect

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s, e

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ity

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nn

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erg

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pp

ly, L

ife

sty

le,

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legi

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nsp

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re

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ing

foll

ow

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eri

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ces

as

we

ll a

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ata

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2010

-202

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eh

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pe

r

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fo

r

ind

ivid

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s. T

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bu

sin

ess

mo

de

l is

de

sign

ed

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th

at

key

ele

me

nts

can

be

imp

lem

en

ted

in s

eve

ral c

itie

s in

th

e w

orl

d.

Evs

2008

-h

ttp

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nu

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tech

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ses

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ject

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all a

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wo

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ain

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term

pe

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est

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in t

he

win

ter

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ste

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no

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on

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ill b

e d

eve

lop

ed

.

2010

-201

2h

ttp

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ww

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no

logy

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hic

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lop

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nsp

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fo

llo

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ain

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tra

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tre

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tern

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com

pe

titi

ven

ess

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Evs

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-202

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va.s

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intr

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velo

pm

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t o

f w

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we

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se/

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), V

olv

o,

Vin

no

va

Seve

ral r

ese

arch

pro

ject

s d

eal

ing

wit

h b

atte

rie

s, f

ue

l ce

lls,

an

d

oth

er

veh

icle

co

mp

on

en

ts t

hat

use

ele

ctri

city

as

a m

ean

s o

f

imp

rovi

ng

en

erg

y e

ffic

ien

cy. T

he

pro

gram

me

is a

co

nti

nu

atio

n o

f a

pre

vio

us

pro

gram

an

d n

ow

co

nce

ntr

ate

s o

n h

ybri

d v

eh

icle

s,

esp

eci

ally

th

eir

dri

ve s

yste

ms,

bat

tery

te

chn

olo

gy, d

iese

l re

form

ers

for

fue

l ce

lls,

an

d t

he

arc

hit

ect

ure

of

hyb

rid

sys

tem

s.

Vis

ion

an

d g

oal

s:

nat

ion

al a

nd

inte

rnat

ion

al e

ffo

rts

in

the

are

a re

ach

ing

tech

no

logy

th

at

mak

es

it p

oss

ible

to

ach

ieve

rad

ical

en

erg

y e

ffic

ien

cy a

nd

fo

ssil

-fu

el

ind

ep

en

de

nt

ligh

t an

d h

eav

y

veh

icle

s; b

uil

d u

p e

xpe

rtis

e in

th

e

auto

mo

tive

se

cto

r st

rate

gic

are

as

by

sup

po

rtin

g ta

rge

ted

re

sear

ch a

t

Swe

dis

h u

niv

ers

itie

s;

To s

tre

ngt

he

n t

he

se a

reas

of

exp

ert

ise

can

be

cru

cial

to

Sw

ed

en

in t

he

fu

ture

be

ass

ign

ed

to

ne

w o

r

reta

in e

xist

ing

de

velo

pm

en

t an

d

pro

du

ctio

n u

nit

s in

th

e la

rge

ly

fore

ign

-ow

ne

d S

we

dis

h

auto

mo

tive

ind

ust

ry.

EV, H

EV20

10-2

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erg

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dig

he

t

en

.se

/Fo

rskn

ing/

Tran

spo

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rskn

ing1

/En

erg

ieff

ek

tiva

-vag

ford

on

/

SEV

S –

Safe

, Ele

ctri

c

and

Hyb

rid

no

vel

Ve

hic

leS

nat

ion

al

Swe

dis

h H

ybri

d V

eh

icle

Ce

ntr

e

(SH

C).

Par

tne

rs: S

we

de

n’s

auto

mo

tive

ind

ust

ry, l

ead

ing

un

ive

rsit

ies

and

go

vern

me

nt

age

nci

es

The

pro

ject

is d

ivid

ed

into

tw

o s

ub

pro

ject

s; 1

a Sc

en

ario

De

fin

itio

n

and

1b

Ve

hic

le A

rch

ite

ctu

re. D

uri

ng

this

au

tum

n t

he

pro

ject

is

focu

sin

g o

n t

he

Sce

nar

io p

lan

nin

g p

roce

ss, w

ith

th

e a

im a

t

de

scri

bin

g th

e s

ust

ain

able

mo

bil

ity

solu

tio

ns

for

goo

ds

and

pe

op

le

by

2030

+. W

e h

ave

du

rin

g o

ur

wo

rksh

op

s id

en

tifi

ed

Ke

y D

rive

r fo

r

Ch

ange

th

at w

ill s

hap

e t

he

fu

ture

. Wit

h t

he

se k

ey

dri

vers

as

a b

asis

we

hav

e in

vite

d s

pe

ake

rs r

ep

rese

nti

ng

dif

fere

nt

Soci

ety

pe

rsp

ect

ive

s, e

.g.C

ity

Pla

nn

ing,

En

erg

y su

pp

ly, L

ife

sty

le,

Envi

ron

me

nt,

Po

liti

cal a

nd

legi

slat

ion

, Tra

nsp

ort

an

d lo

gist

ics.

EV, H

EV20

09-2

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w.c

hal

me

rs.s

e

/saf

er/

EN/n

ew

s/e

ven

ts/

sevs

-821

1-sa

fe-e

lect

ric

Re

kkEV

idd

en

atio

nal

Pro

ject

ow

ne

r: G

ree

n N

et

Fin

lan

d

(FI)

Par

tne

rs: T

ech

nic

al R

ese

arch

Ce

ntr

e o

f Fi

nla

nd

(FI

), T

est

Sit

e

Swe

de

n (

TSS-

SE),

Cit

y o

f

Sto

ckh

olm

(SE

), T

he

Inst

itu

te o

f

Tran

spo

rt E

con

om

ics

(NO

),

Ice

lan

dic

Ne

w E

ne

rgy

(IS)

Pro

du

ce r

eal

isti

c p

erf

orm

ance

fig

ure

s fo

r EV

s at

trib

ute

d t

o N

ord

ic

dri

vin

g an

d w

eat

he

r co

nd

itio

ns

Agr

ee

wh

at k

ind

of

add

itio

nal

te

stin

g is

do

ne

fo

r EV

’s a

par

t fr

om

th

e

regu

lato

ry t

est

(EC

ER N

o. 1

01)

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InM

oti

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lM

un

icip

alit

y o

f G

öte

bo

rg

The

Mu

nic

ipal

ity

curr

en

tly

hav

e a

nu

mb

er

of

EVs

in t

he

ir f

lee

t (t

he

y

op

era

te t

he

cit

y´s

veh

icle

fle

et)

an

d c

oo

pe

rate

wit

h t

he

nat

ion

al

pro

gram

Te

st S

ite

Sw

ed

en

re

gard

ing

foll

ow

up

of

exp

eri

en

ces

as

we

ll a

s d

ata

coll

ect

ion

.

Evs

2010

-202

0

htt

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w.v

artg

ote

bo

r

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/pro

d/s

k/va

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sf/1

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fik,

har

dar

e_r

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r_fo

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iljo

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ar_i

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org

s_st

ad

Fast

Ch

argi

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char

gin

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ilo

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pro

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regi

on

al (

Väs

tra

Gö

tala

nd

)

TSS

- Te

st S

ite

Sw

ed

en

,

CH

Ad

eM

o. P

artn

ers

: Gö

teb

org

Ene

rgi (

char

ger

inst

alla

tio

n),

AB

B

(ch

arge

r su

pp

lie

r), T

urn

ing

Po

int

(ch

arge

r su

pp

lie

r)

This

pro

ject

wil

l de

plo

y tw

o C

HA

de

MO

fas

t ch

arge

sta

tio

ns

(on

e

man

ufa

ctu

red

by

AB

B a

nd

on

e b

y D

BT)

in t

he

Go

the

nb

urg

are

a an

d

pe

rfo

rm t

est

s w

ith

EV

s. T

he

pu

rpo

se is

to

est

abli

sh a

te

st

en

viro

nm

en

t th

at is

op

en

fo

r o

rgan

izat

ion

s th

at h

as a

ne

ed

of

test

ing

EV f

ast

char

gin

g.

Ch

argi

ng

stat

ion

s20

11

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site

swe

de

n.c

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ject

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st-

char

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ELV

IIS:

Ele

ctri

c V

eh

icle

Inte

llige

nt

Infr

a

Stru

ctu

re"

nat

ion

alTh

e V

ikto

ria

Inst

itu

te, G

öte

bo

rg

Ene

rgi,

Eri

csso

n, V

olv

o, I

nM

oti

on

Stim

ula

te t

he

mar

ket

intr

od

uct

ion

of

Evs

by

mak

ing

the

m e

asie

r to

ow

n a

nd

use

, en

able

d b

y an

inte

llig

en

t in

fras

tru

ctu

re, s

up

po

rte

d b

y

info

rmat

ion

an

d c

om

mu

nca

tio

n t

ech

no

logy

(IC

T).

EV20

08-2

009

htt

ps:

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ww

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tori

a.se

/

file

s/e

lvii

s_co

nte

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sum

mar

y_v6

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f

Mo

bilE

llo

cal

(Sto

ckh

olm

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Co

orp

era

tio

n T

SS -

Te

st S

ite

Swe

de

n a

nd

AN

L- A

rgo

nn

e

Nat

ion

al L

abo

rato

ry.

Swe

dis

h

Ene

rgy

Age

ncy

, th

e C

ity

of

Sto

ckh

olm

an

d F

OR

TUM

co

mp

any

The

pro

gram

mat

ic o

bje

ctiv

e w

as t

o p

rom

ote

PH

EV t

ech

no

logy

by

de

velo

pin

g a

com

mo

n u

nd

ers

tan

din

g o

f th

e k

ey

issu

es/

bar

rie

rs a

nd

shar

ing

or

join

tly

de

velo

pin

g ‘b

est

-pra

ctic

e’ m

eth

od

olo

gie

s an

d

too

ls t

o s

up

po

rt P

HEV

de

velo

pm

en

t. A

NL

also

su

pp

ort

ed

th

e

Mo

bil

EL –

pro

ject

(ru

n b

y Fo

rtu

m a

nd

th

e C

ity

of

Sto

ckh

olm

) w

ith

dat

a co

lle

ctio

n s

yste

ms.

PH

EV20

08-2

009

htt

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w.t

est

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swe

de

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om

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viro

nm

en

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ric-

veh

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-

fle

ets

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ev-

con

vers

ion

s

The

Sw

ed

ish

EV

Pro

cure

me

nt

nat

ion

al

Vat

ten

fall

, Eva

Su

nn

ers

ted

t,

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ckh

olm

s st

ad, T

SS-

Test

Sid

e

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de

n, S

KL

Ko

mm

en

tus,

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dis

h E

ne

rgy

Age

ncy

,

Au

tom

ake

rs (

Re

anu

lt, C

itro

ën

,

Saab

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revo

let)

Nat

ion

al p

rocu

rem

en

t re

sult

ing

in f

ram

e w

ork

agr

ee

me

nts

rega

rdin

g e

lect

ric

veh

icle

s (p

ure

ele

ctri

cal v

eh

icle

s an

d p

lug-

in

hyb

rid

s) f

rom

six

dif

fere

nt

sup

pli

ers

.

Evs

(250

pe

r

year

)C

har

gin

g p

oin

ts20

11-2

030

htt

p:/

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lbil

sup

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a

nd

lin

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/

Mo

ve A

bo

ut

loca

l

(Go

the

nb

urg

)

Mo

ve A

bo

ut,

TSS

- T

est

Sit

e

Swe

de

n, T

HIN

G, L

ind

ho

lme

n

Scie

nce

Par

k

Mo

ve A

bo

ut

dri

ves

bo

th o

pe

n a

nd

clo

sed

car

sh

arin

g se

rvic

es,

fo

r

ind

ivid

ual

s an

d b

usi

ne

sse

s. T

he

bu

sin

ess

mo

de

l is

de

sign

ed

so

th

at

key

ele

me

nts

can

be

imp

lem

en

ted

in s

eve

ral c

itie

s in

th

e w

orl

d.

Evs

2008

-h

ttp

://w

ww

.mo

veab

ou

t.

se/o

m

Hyp

er

Bu

slo

cal

(Go

the

nb

urg

)

Go

the

nb

urg

wil

l be

th

e t

est

ve

nu

e f

or

a n

ew

hyb

rid

bu

s w

ith

plu

g in

-

tech

no

logy

. Bu

ses

and

ch

argi

ng

stat

ion

s w

ill b

e t

est

ed

in r

egu

lar

traf

fic

in t

rue

cit

y co

nd

itio

ns.

Pro

ject

Hyp

er

Bu

s —

wh

ich

was

just

awar

de

d a

n E

U g

ran

t o

f SE

K 1

4 m

illi

on

as

par

t o

f b

ud

get

tota

lin

g SE

K

28 m

illi

on

— b

ega

n o

pe

rati

ng

on

Se

pte

mb

er

1, 2

011

and

wil

l ru

n

un

til 2

014.

HEV

2011

-201

4

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gels

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pla

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us.

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l

Gre

en

Hig

hw

ay (

EL6

Gö

teb

org

- O

slo

)

tran

san

tio

nal

(No

rway

an

d

Swe

de

n)

Sun

dsv

all a

nd

Öst

ers

un

d in

Swe

de

n a

nd

Tro

nd

he

im in

No

rway

A f

oss

il-f

ree

tra

nsp

ort

co

rrid

or

acro

ss M

id-S

can

din

avia

by

2020

;

GO

ALS

: Co

nst

ruct

ion

of

the

wo

rld

's lo

nge

st m

ain

ro

ad s

yste

m,

Co

nst

ruct

ion

of

qu

ick-

char

gin

g st

atio

ns;

Est

abli

shm

en

t o

f a

fill

ing

infr

astr

uct

ure

fo

r b

iofu

els

: bio

gas,

bio

die

sel (

RM

E) a

nd

bio

eth

ano

l;

Pro

mo

tio

n o

f th

e u

se o

f EV

s;

Pe

rfo

rman

ce o

f a

larg

e t

est

pro

gram

fo

r EV

s, in

clu

din

g lo

ng-

term

pe

rfo

rman

ce t

est

ing

in t

he

win

ter

clim

ate

in Ö

ste

rsu

nd

;

De

velo

pm

en

t o

f a

pro

toty

pe

ele

ctri

c sn

ow

sco

ote

r; D

eve

lop

me

nt

of

inte

rne

t-b

ase

d c

om

mu

nic

atio

n s

yste

ms

thro

ugh

wh

ich

tra

vell

ers

can

pla

n r

ou

tes

usi

ng

pu

bli

c tr

ansp

ort

, in

clu

din

g d

eta

ils

of

the

carb

on

fo

otp

rin

t fo

r th

e d

iffe

ren

t ro

ute

s.

De

velo

pm

en

t o

f a

me

eti

ng

pla

nn

er

that

pro

vid

es

op

tim

al m

ee

tin

g

loca

tio

ns

to m

inim

ize

tim

e, c

ost

s an

d e

mis

sio

ns.

Pu

bli

cati

on

of

a co

mp

lete

'Bu

yers

Gu

ide

fo

r El

ect

ric

and

Plu

g-in

Hyb

rid

Car

s', w

hic

h is

up

dat

ed

an

nu

ally

.

Esta

bli

shm

en

t o

f a

taxi

pro

ject

wit

h e

lect

ric

veh

icle

s in

Tro

nd

he

im.

Evs

(tax

i EV

)

char

ge in

fras

tru

ctu

re

alo

ng

the

ro

ad E

6

be

twe

en

Gö

teb

org

and

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o),

in a

to

tal

of

447k

m. C

har

gin

g

stai

on

s (9

4) a

nd

char

gin

g p

oin

ts (

240)

2010

-202

0

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w.g

ree

nh

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ph

p/g

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way

en

glis

h

ELV

IRE

tran

snat

ion

al (

6

eu

rop

ean

cou

ntr

ies)

11 p

artn

ers

: Re

nau

lt, V

olk

swag

en

,

Co

nti

ne

nta

l, S

AP

, EN

DES

A, C

EA-

LIST

, Be

tte

r P

lace

, Era

smu

s

Un

ive

rsit

y C

oll

ege

, ATB

Bre

me

n,

Lin

dh

olm

en

Sci

en

ce P

ark

Akt

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ola

g, E

RP

C

The

pro

ject

’s p

urp

ose

is t

o d

eve

lop

an

eff

ect

ive

sys

tem

wh

ich

is

able

to

ne

utr

aliz

e t

he

dri

ver’

s "r

ange

an

xie

ty",

i.e

. th

e f

ear

to

bre

ak

do

wn

du

e t

o t

he

ve

hic

le’s

po

we

r ra

nge

lim

itat

ion

. In

ord

er

to e

ase

and

op

tim

ize

en

erg

y m

anag

em

en

t o

f El

ect

ric

Ve

hic

les

(EV

) an

d t

o

cop

e w

ith

th

e s

par

se d

istr

ibu

tio

n o

f e

lect

rica

l su

pp

ly p

oin

ts d

uri

ng

the

ram

p-u

p p

has

e, i

nn

ova

tive

Info

rmat

ion

an

d C

om

mu

nic

atio

ns

Tech

no

logi

es

and

se

rvic

e c

on

cep

ts w

ill b

e d

eve

lop

ed

.

2010

-201

2h

ttp

://w

ww

.elv

ire

.eu

/

INIT

IATI

VE

CH

AR

AC

TER

ISTI

CS

62

63

64

About E-Mobility NSR The Interreg North Sea Region project North Sea Electric Mobility Network (E-Mobility NSR) will help to create favorable conditions to promote the common development of e-mobility in the North Sea Region. Transnational support structures in the shape of a network and virtual routes are envisaged as part of the project, striving towards improving accessibility and the wider use of e-mobility in the North Sea Region countries. www.e-mobility-nsr.eu

Contact Authors Delft University of Technology, OTB Research Institute for the Built Environment Jan Jacob Trip Jaffalaan 9 P.O. Box 5030 2600 GA Delft the Netherlands +31(0)15-278 3005

j.j.trip@tudelft.nl

Contact Lead Partner: Hamburg University of Applied Sciences Research and Transfer Centre “Applications of Life Sciences” Prof. Walter Leal Lohbrügger Kirchstraße 65 21033 Hamburg Germany +49-40-42875-6313 e-mobility@ls.haw-hamburg.de