Electric Charge

Spectra of ScienceAmole2013

Electric Charge-an electrical property of matter that creates electric and magnetic forces and interactions

Electric Field-a region in space around a charged object

Electrical Force-the force of attraction or repulsion between objects due to charge

Current-the rate electric charges move through a conductor

Resistance-the opposition posed by a material or a device to the flow of electrons

Conductor -a material that can carry an electrical current in which charges move freely

Insulator-a material that does not transfer current easily

Vocabulary

All matter is made of atomsAtoms contain:

◦Protons- Positive

◦Electrons- Negative

◦Neutrons- Neutral/ No charge

An unequal amount of (+) and (-) makes a material “charged”

What causes electric forces?

+-

0

Objects with opposite charges (one negative, one positive) will attract each other.

Objects with like charges (both negative or both positive) will repel each other.

What gives matter an electric charge?

+ -

+ + - -

(+) and (0) are relatively fixed in the nucleus, but (-) in the outer parts of atom can be transferred between objects.

If the nucleus were a size of a marble, the whole atom is the size of a football stadium

How do objects become charged?

Charging by friction◦rubbing or sliding

Charging by contact◦touching

Induced charge◦Charge brought near object

◦Pg. 532-533

How do objects become charged?

Charge◦More charge = greater force

Distance◦Greater distance = weaker force

Does not require contact due to their electric field

What affects electric force?

+ -

Charge DemosBalloons:-rub hair-wall-other balloon-plasma ball

A set of electrical components that supply one or more paths for movement of charges

Open- incomplete/broken pathClosed- complete/continuous path

What is a circuit?

Current: The rate that electric charges move through a conductor

Resistance: opposition posed to a circuit

What is current and resistance?

Series- same loop◦All resistors on same

loop experience same amount of current

Parallel- multiple loops◦current splits up

among the loops with the individual loop currents adding to the total current

What is a series and parallel circuit?

Open Circuit

Closed Circuit

Series Circuit- 1 bulb- 2 bulb

Parallel Circuit

Build a Circuit

Conductor – a material in which charges move freely and can carry not electric current

Insulator - a material in which charges cannot move freely and does not easily carry electric current

What are conductors and insulators?

Build simple series circuitTest:

- paperclip- penny- nickel- foil- index card- wood stick- string- plastic stick

Conductors and Insulators