Elective Chandigarh
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Transcript of Elective Chandigarh
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Free Powerpoint Templates
The Tale of Two Architects
A song that their buildings sang
Gaurav P. Sharma111110008Harsh Tiwari111110014Surabhi Agrawal111110021Anjali Katare111110022
LOUIS I. KAHN
&
LE CORBUSIER
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LIFE OF KAHNBorn as Itze-Leib Schmuilowsky.
Lived during February 20, 1901 and March 17, 1974.In 1906, his family immigrated to U.S.
Changed his name from his given name to Louis Isador Kahn in 1915.
An American architect of Estonian origin.
Served as design critic and professor at Yale School of Architecture from 1947
to 1957.From 1957- till death he was professor at School of Design at University of
Pennsylvania.
Awarded the AIA Gold Medal and the RIBA Gold Medal.
His work is considered monumental beyond modernism.
Infused the international style with his own high personal taste.The designs are supposed to respond to human scale.
There is vital distinction between served spaces and servant (spaces that
serve other spaces i.e. corridors, staircase, restrooms etc)
Materials used- bare concrete, textured bricks and tormentine marble.
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WORKS OF KAHNThe famous designs of Louis i.Kahn include-
Yale University Art Gallery , New Haven, Connecticut, 1951- 1953.
Richards Medical Research Laboratories , University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, 1957- 1965
The Salk Institute, La Jolla, California , 1959- 1965
First Unitarian Church, Rochester, New York, 1959- 1969
Jatiyo Snagshad Bhaban, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 1962- 1974
Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Indian Institute of Management, Ahemdabad, india, 1962
National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 1963
Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, Texas, 1967- 1972
Yale Centre of British Art, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 1969-
1974
Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedom Park, New York, 1972- 1974
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JATIYO SANGSHAD BHABAN
Building Name- Jatiyo Sangshad Bhaban
Building Type- National Assembly Building
Location- Dhaka, Bangladesh
Style- Modern
MonumentalStructural System- Reinforced Concrete
Brickwork
Start Date- 1961
Completion Date- 1982
Architect- Louis I.KahnMuzharul Islam (co-architect)
Cost when Built- 32 Million
Annual Operational and Maintenance cost- 55 Million
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INTRODUCTIONLocated at Sher-eBangla Nagar, Dhaka. Bangladesh.
Designed by Louis I.Kahn.
One of the largest legislative complexes in the world comprising 200 acres.Contruction began by then president Ayub Khan, 1961.
Completed after the countrys war of independence on 28th jan, 1982.
Entire complex designed that includes lawns, lakes and residencesfor the
M.P.s.
Main building divided into:
Main Plaza (76000 m2)
South Plaza (21000 m2)
Presidental Plaza (6000 m2)
Artificial lake surrounded for 3 sides.The enclave situated in sher-e-bangla nagar, bound by:
Lake road to the north.
Rokeya sarani to east.
Manik Mia Avenue to south.
Mirpur road to west.
Nine individual blocks of which eight peripheral blocks rise to a height of 110
while central octagonal block rises to a height of 155.All nine blocks include different groups of functional spaces and have different
levels.
Interlinked horizontally and vertically by corridors, lufts, staircases, light courts
and circular areas.
Structure is designed to blend into one single, non- differentiable unit,appears single storey from exterior.
Main committee rooms are located at level 2 in one of the peripheral blocks.
Most important part of main plaza parliament chamber houses 354
members.
There are also 2 podiums and 2 gallaries for VIP visitors.
Roof designed with single storey clearence to let in daylight.
Daylighting reflected from surrounding walls and octagonal drum.
Artificial lighting systems devised carefully not to obstruct daylighting.
Composite chandelier suspended from parabolic shell roof.
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INTRODUCTIONUpper level of block contains chambers:
For visitors and press galleries.Communication booths.
Level 1 has library.
Level 3 has M.P.s lounges.
Upper level has party rooms.
South plaza faces Manik Mia Avenue, gradually rises upto 20 height & has:Controlling gates
Driveway
Mechanical plant room
Large car parking
Telephone exchange
Equipment stores
Office of maintenance engineers
Open plaza with steps and ramp leading directly to main building.
Presidential plaza faces north lake road, functions as M.P.s and other
dignitaries intimate plaza, contains: marble steps
Gallery
Open pavement
Although its limited to authorized members and staff but few floors are open
to public.
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MAIN CHARACTERISTICSMonumentality.
Mass of concrete lined with marble strips.Outer wall punctuated by pure geometrical openings.
Dominating circular and rectangular concrete mass
Plan in concentric circles.
Seven storey high ambulatory, with light coming from roof, surrounds the
assembly hall like a circumambulatory path around deity.Plan essentially square manipulated into octagon.
Height of structure 49.68 m above ground.
Water body of artificial lake touching its wall on all sides.
Appears to rise out of water.
Entrance through Grand plaza on south.Presidential square from north with green garden and
trees.
No columns. Hollow columns are part of space enclosures, adapted as
structural supports.
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MAIN CRITICISMExorbitant construction and maintenance cost.
Total cost of complex with a floor space of 6,27,833 sq. feet was 1280 million.There are-
50 staircases
1635 doors
335 doors
300 partitions35850 sq.ft. glass shutters
58500 sq. ft. wooden shutters
133500 cu. Ft. wooden panels
Annual operational and maintenance cost 55 million.
Top floor or level 10 used for different machinery.
Faced with an imposing architectural work of extraordinary power,
clarity of form and beauty, the jury could not help but question the
compatibility with the needs and aspirations of a poor country.
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Spatial arrangement
Topology
Basic Concept
FEATURES
Symmetry and Balance
National Assembly Building has a clear
symmetry. This building was designed bykahn using the golden section.
He started from the middle, where the
top most part of the building is located.
From the middle he worked to the outerparts of the building.
These parts of the building are less
important and are serving the inner part.
Only the mosque is not in the same
symmetry. Kahn did this because the
mosque does not serve the conference
hall. Circulation
The circulation in this building is like
the symmetry and balance, a
product of the golden section.
When you enter the building you
walk along the serving parts of the
building towards the centre. Fromthere you walk along the
conference hall.
This form of circulation emphasizes
the hierarchy in the building.
The circulation puts the central
space above the surrounding
spaces. Additivity
The additive spaces emphasize theimportance of central space, giving
the building a hierarchy.
Mass is another tool of Kahn for creating monumentalism. Kahns accents the
mass of the building on different ways. First of all its a large building, the big
light openings pronounce this fact immensly.
Light can accentuate particular spaces and can make clear which space is more
important or give it a certain affect.The big corridors in the National Assembly Building imitate the outside,
through the amount of lightfall.
The centre of the building is elevated and lets light through, this way indirect
light can enter the conference hall an effect, which leads to hierarchy.
Just like the corridor and conference hall there are more spaces in the building,where Khan makes use of light.
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SITE PLAN
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THE FACADEResembles a huge fortress with the fact that the building is surrounded by
water and connected only by ramps and bridges to the mainland, whichreinforces the impression of fortification.
Touch is a primitive sense. Utmost care taken to assure there is appeal in the
sensation of hand in treatment of texture; not only how surfaces look like, but
also how they feel.
The marble banding, thatmarks the human scale
and the process in which
the building was made also
gave the sense of the
weight of his heavymaterials that have been
incorporated in the
Assembly Building.
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CONSTRUCTIONAn inspiring statement of
extraordinary clarity and beauty.The originality, power and aura of
the complex are unparalleled.
An unique design of such
magnitude in Bangladesh, solely
with local materials , skills andtechnologies is in itself an
achievement.
Construction was both an opportunity and a challenge.
Opportunity to enhance and test local competence and challenge as of its
scale and innovative requirements.
Profoundly philosophical in temperament and local traditions.
Can be accredited with more than one innovation- 1. scale of the building.
2. use of as-caste concrete.
3. exposed brick masonry.
The concrete surface had to bear the imprint of local skill and technology.
No smear of paint or plaster was to adultrate the putiry of the building.Matte surface wrought by timber and gloss left by steel.
Crowning of parabolic roof of assembly Chamber (117 feet above the
floor)was cast by traditional system.
Only machinery used was for wood workshop and four cranes to hoist
material.Local bamboo tied together
in grids with coconut husk
ropes were basis of all
scaffolding.
Bamboo ramps were used
to manually hoist building
materials.
Even formwork of arches
was in wood and bamboo.
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Only 5 feet of concrete could
be hand pooled by the people
in a day.
Because of this Kahn placed
bands of marble after each
days pour in order to hide the
lines between each level.
Marble bands are
positioned every 5 feet to
hide the imperfections of
the exposed concrete.
Thick exterior walls keep the
concentration within the
prayer hall and do not allow
any outside distractions.
The prayer hall is shifted to
better face Mecca.
Diffused light into
the prayer hallcreates a much
stronger experience
of spirituality.
Large clerestory windows allow
for ample amounts of diffusedlight to filter into the assembly
hall.
THROUGH SKETCHES
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PLAN IDENTIFICATION
Assembly chamber for 300 members of assembly
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PLAN IDENTIFICATION
200 additional seats for joint sessions
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PLAN IDENTIFICATION
Speakers Dias
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PLAN IDENTIFICATION
Speakers box
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PLAN IDENTIFICATION
Presidents Box
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PLAN IDENTIFICATION
Official Gallery
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PLAN IDENTIFICATION
Distinguished visitors gallery
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PLAN IDENTIFICATION
Distinguished visitors and official gallery lobby
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PLAN IDENTIFICATION
Divisions Lobby
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PLAN IDENTIFICATION
Ante chamber, cloak room and toilets for MNA
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PLAN IDENTIFICATION
MNAs entrance lounge
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PLAN IDENTIFICATION
Ambulatory
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PLAN IDENTIFICATION
Light and Ventilation courts
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PLAN IDENTIFICATION
Garden entrance
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PLAN IDENTIFICATION
Stairs to public galleries
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PLAN IDENTIFICATION
Post office and Bank
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PLAN IDENTIFICATION
Ward, ward officer and staff
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PLAN IDENTIFICATION
Porch
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PLAN IDENTIFICATION
Main Entrance
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PLAN IDENTIFICATION
Entrance and stairs to public galleries
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PLAN IDENTIFICATION
Stair to prayer hall
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PLAN IDENTIFICATION
Lounge for MNAs
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PLAN IDENTIFICATION
Pantry
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PLAN IDENTIFICATION
Distinguished visitors and official gallery entrance lobby to assembly chamber
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PLAN IDENTIFICATION
Toilets
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PLAN IDENTIFICATION
Air plenum
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PLAN IDENTIFICATION
Ramp to 58 level
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PLAN- HOSTEL SECRETARIES
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SECTION- HOSTEL SECRETARIES
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GROUND FLOOR- DINING HALL
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PLAN OF FLOOR- DINING HALL
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SECTION THROUGH LOUNG
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SECTION- MAIN BUILDING
OO S
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FLOOR PLANS- CIRCULATION
FEW INSIGHTS
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FEW INSIGHTS- PICTURES
Gaurav
LIFE OF KAHN
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LIFE OF KAHN
Surabhi
WORKS OF KAHN
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WORKS OF KAHN
Surabhi
INTRODUCTION
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INTRODUCTION
Palak,
Harsh
FIRST MASTER PLAN
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FIRST MASTER PLAN- MAYERThe master plan that Albert
Mayer produced, assumed a
fan shape for the city of
chandigarh.
Spreading gently to fill the site
between the two rivers.
At the head of the plan wasthe capitol, the seat of the
state government.
The first phase of the city was
to be developed on the north-
eastern side to accommodate1,50,000 residents and the
second phase on the south-
western side for another
3,50,000 people.
THREE DISPLINES
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THREE DISPLINESTHE DISCIPLINE OF MONEY- Le corbusier once remarked that India has
the treasure of a proud culture, but her coffers are empty. Throughout
the project the desire for grandness was hampered by the need of strict
economy. He consulted the program for each building with the budget
and then prepared the initial project.
THE DISCIPLINE OF TECHNOLOGY- Available in quantity were were goodclay and sand and human labour. Although the materials used to build
chandigarh are rough concrete and exposed brickwork. Capitol complex-
in concrete only.
THE DISCIPLINE OF CLIMATE Besides the administrative and financialregulations there was a law of sun in India. The architectural problem had
to solve: first, to make shade, second, to make current of air or to
ventilate, third to control hydraulics.
THE CAPITOL COMPLEX
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THE CAPITOL COMPLEXThe area of the greatest symbolic significance in chandigarh was the capitol
complex.
In its final form was based on the design of a great cross axis.
The most important group of buildings constituted:
The capitol in the right.
The parliament building in the left.
The secretariat in the background.In the foreground lay the pool of the palace of justice.
Although the scene is harmonious in effect, there are still some missing
buildings that do belong here, such as the tower of shadows.
THE OPEN HAND
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THE OPEN HAND
The open hand is a
monumental sculpture (which
is also seen by Le Corbusier as
the outline of a bird, the signfor peace) is prominent in the
landscape and is part of a
sunken court for public
assembly, named The pit of
Consideration.
SITE PLAN
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SITE PLAN
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