ELECTIVE

VIANZON, REYNALDO JR., M.

BSN3

8. EFFECTS OF CHILDLESS MARRIAGEChildren are precious gifts of God and our expressions of our love. They enrich our lives and provide line of lineage to sustain humanity. Children are also status symbol that all married adults are expected to have children.

All couples therefore love to have children. Unfortunately about 5 -10 % of couples may have problems no matter how hard they try. Some are born not to enjoy pregnancy and childbirth.

CAUSES OF CHILDLESSNESS:Voluntary- Celibacy (sexually abstinent)- Personal choice, that is, having the physical, mental, and financial capability to have children but choosing not to.

Involuntary- Infertility, defined as the inability of a person or persons to conceive, due to complications related to either or both the woman or the man. This is regarded as the most prominent reason for involuntary childlessness. Biological causes of infertility vary due to the many organs of both sexes that must function properly for conception to take place.

- The death of an infant or child either before, during, or shortly after birth. Infant death can happen for any number of reasons, usually being medical or environmental. Death can be attributed to factors such as, inadequate access to proper medical care, biological malformations, maternal complications, and/or accidents and unintentional injuries. An unsuitable environment with little to no resources may also play a role in infant mortality.

- Medical or gynaecological problems, including a lack of maternal medical care before or after birth and damage obtained from a previous pregnancy.[3]- Environment, this is related to availability of resources, whether emotional, physical, or biological.

- Lack of a partner, or lack of willingness from partner.

EFFECTS:

- Infertility may cause stress, frustration and disappointment. Loses respect and may be ridiculed. always tense and sorrowful.

- Men simply refuse to accept that they could be the problem and the women in their desperation from social pressures have been forced to help their men to bring in children from outside. (In-denial)- Childlessness causes constant fights, misunderstanding and suspicion in the marriage. Sex becomes mechanical and unfulfilling. The risk of being sterile can be a heavy burden. The woman risk divorce and in some cases gets rivals.

9. CHILD ABUSE INCLUDING LAWS PROTECTING CHLDREN:A. RA 8043 An act Regulating Inter-country adoption

Allow aliens to adopt Filipino children if such children cannot be adopted by qualified Filipino citizens

B. RA 8552 - An act Regulating Domestic Adoption

When care of the biological parents is unavailable or inappropriate and no suitable alternative parental care or adoption within the childs extended family is available, adoption by an unrelated person shall be considered. However, no direct placement of a child to a non-related shall be countenanced.C. RA 9231 Special Protection of Children Against child abuse, exploitation and discrimination.Specifically limits the employment of children below 15 years old, restricts the hours of work of working children, expands working childrens access to education, social, medical and legal assistance.D. RA 9262 - An Act Defining Violence Against women and their children providing for protective measures for victims.Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children. Including Physical, Sexual, and Psychological abuse.10. PARENTING AN INFANT- COMMON BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS OF INFANTSA. Thumb sucking - Constant thumb sucking is strongly related to the emotional satisfaction of the infant.B. Temper tantrums - The behavior takes the form of screaming, crying or lying on the floor with head banging and heels drumming

C. Sleep problems Infants have different sleeping pattern.D. Colic May be due to over feeding, reflux or may also be a serious cond.- ROLE OF THE NURSE IN THE CARE OF A FAMILY WITH HEALTHY/ILL INFANT Recognizing that the family is the constant in a child's life, while the service systems and personnel within those systems fluctuate.

Facilitating child/family/professional collaboration at all levels of service.

Sharing with the family, on a continuing basis and in a supportive manner, the best information regarding their child's health care.

Understanding and incorporating the developmental needs of infants and their families in health care delivery.

Recognizing family strengths and individuality and respecting different methods of coping.

Recognizing and honoring diversity, strengths and individuality within and across all families, including racial, spiritual, social, economic, educational and geographical diversity.

Encouraging and facilitating family-to-family support and networking. Implementing comprehensive policies and programs that provide support to meet the diverse health care needs of families.

Designing accessible service systems that are flexible, sensitive, and responsive to family-identified health care needs.

11. PARENTING A TODDLER

- COMMON BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMSA. Bed wetting - Emotional or social factors. may not be able to know when their bladder is full.B. Thumb sucking - Constant thumb sucking is strongly related to the emotional satisfaction of the toddler.

C. Temper tantrums - The behavior takes the form of screaming, crying or lying on the floor with head banging and heels drumming

D. Breath holdings - Child is usually intelligent and easily frustrated and reacts in a dramatic way to gain attention.

E. Head banging Occurs in bored kids and with mental retardation.

F. Nail biting Occurs in during boredom, excitement, worry or embarrassment, fear, insecurity or apprehension.

G. Stammering - the repetition of sounds or syllables such as saying mu-mu-mu-mummyH. Jealousy - You may first notice it when a new baby arrives. They may become sad, quiet, start wetting his clothes, demanding a bottle or cuddle at awkward times.

- ACCIDENT PREVENTION

FALL - Unstable gait of the toddler, presence of objects on floor, lack of supervision, curiosity of the children

Prevention:

Keep floors free of toys and obstructions. Exercise close supervision when toddler learns to walk. Never leave babies unattended on raised surfaces. Check constantly floor surface for wear and tear. Keep floor dry.SUFFOCATING & CHOKING - Accidental swallowing of foreign body, strangulation, covering of head by blankets, accidental suffocation by pillow while baby sleeps in a prone position

Prevention: Choose toys appropriate to the age of children. Avoid toys with detachable small parts. Ensure small objects are kept out of reach of children. Pull cords on curtains and blinds should be kept short and out of reach of children. Strings and plastic bags should be kept out of reach of children. Instruct children not to play while eating. Never let children use milk bottle by themselves without adults supervision. Never use pillow for baby under one year of age. Do not use large and heavy blanket. Avoid sleeping with baby on the same bed.BURNS - Scald by hot water, burn by fire, touch on hot objects such as cooking utensils

Prevention: For adults, never hold a hot drink/food and a child at the same time. Ensure milk, congee or other foodstuff is at a reasonable temperature before feeding. Ensure proper fence or door is installed at the entrance of kitchen. Such must be closed at all times. Instruct children not to go into kitchen. While cooking, pay extra attention to the stove fire and the cooking utensil. Turn the pan handle away from the front, and close to the wall. When running a bath for a child, always test water temperature beforehand. Instruct children not to wander around when adults are preparing for a meal. Install proper cover to sockets. Warn children never play with fire.POISONING - Food poisoning, accidental swallowing of drugs, detergents, insecticides, etc.Prevention: Keep medicines and chemicals out of sight and reach of children, preferably in an isolated, locked cabinet. Always store chemicals in their original containers with appropriate labels. Never tell children drugs are sweets as this may give a wrong idea to children. Ensure toys and dining utensils bought meet the international standard, e.g. coloring materials being non-toxic.- ROLE OF THE NURSE IN THE CARE OF A FAMILY WITH HEALTHY/ILL TODDLER Recognizing that the family is the constant in a child's life, while the service systems and personnel within those systems fluctuate. Facilitating child/family/professional collaboration at all levels of service.

Sharing with the family, on a continuing basis and in a supportive manner, the best information regarding their child's health care.

Understanding and incorporating the developmental needs of toddlers and their families in health care delivery.

Recognizing family strengths and individuality and respecting different methods of coping.

Recognizing and honoring diversity, strengths and individuality within and across all families, including racial, spiritual, social, economic, educational and geographical diversity.

Encouraging and facilitating family-to-family support and networking. Implementing comprehensive policies and programs that provide support to meet the diverse health care needs of families.

Designing accessible service systems that are flexible, sensitive, and responsive to family-identified health care needs.