Election 1800

• Republicans focused on Northern states• Jefferson vs Burr vs Adams

– Came down between Jefferson and Burr– House of Rep Jefferson

• Smooth shift of power from 1 party to another

Election of 1800

Jefferson

• Gov’t view– “Let us restore the social intercourse that

harmony and affection without which liberty and even life itself are but dreary things…We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists”• What does he mean?

– Doesn’t matter what belief you have both parties don’t propose to destroy the gov’t

• Laissez-Faire– Gov’t hands off approach to economy

Jefferson and Judicial Branch

• Jefferson and Republicans feared the Supreme Court…b/c of power

• What is the role of the Supreme Court?– Judicial Review: power to decide if a law

passed by Congress is Constitutional • Marbury v. Madison

I. A New Term

• Jefferson’s 1st term– foreign trade

– national debt– Supreme court acquires power of Judicial

Review (interpret the Constitution)– Republicans popular,

win 2nd term

ELECTION

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Chapter 8:2Looking Westward

II. Looking Westward• Spain ceded Louisiana, W. FL & NO to France in

1800.• Napoleon wanted French empire in N. Am• Jefferson fears trade loss in New Orleans• James Monroe & Robert Livingstone sent to

Paris = offer $10 million for New Orleans & W. Florida

• Revolution in Haiti = Napoleon’s troops suffer, he abandons dreams of N. American empire.

III. Louisiana Purchase• France offers to sell US entire

Louisiana Territory– Jefferson = undecided

• Desire to extend US• Unsure if federal gov’t had authority to buy

land, not in Constitution

• Accepts offer, Senate ratifies treaty = size of US doubled ($15 million; 4 cents per acre!)

• Jefferson’s justification; protecting Americans

IV. Lewis & Clark

• Expedition- journey with a purpose, led by 2 US Army officers; Meriwether Lewis and William Clark– Travel up Missouri River to explore new

land.

• Sacajawea- acts as guide, interpreter = build peaceful relations w/ natives in new land

• Results: – Knowledge of new land, animals, terrain, etc.– Claim Oregon country– Opened up routes for settlers

(1812 = 70,000 people settled in Louisiana Territory)

8:2 Review• The purchase of the Louisiana Territory from

France and its exploration was the first and largest American venture in geographic expansion after the United States had won its independence.

• Directions: Copy the following chart and then write a brief statement telling what role each person played in this drama of national expansion. See my example.

Thomas Jefferson wanted to purchase

the port city of New Orleans

Lewis & ClarkYork

Sacajawea

Napoleon Bonaparte

Pierre Toussaint

L’Ouverture

Talleyrand

James Monroe

Robert Livingston

Role in American Expansion

Sacajawea- Shoshone Indian who served

as a guide and Interpreter with the Core.

York- Slave with hunting, Fishing, and survival skills,

on expedition

Napoleon- French Leader; wanted to abandon N Am.

Empire by selling it to the US

L’Ouverture- led RevolutionIn Haiti which forced France

to give up dream on American empire

Thomas Jefferson

Lewis and Clark- explored

and mapped the Louisiana Territory

Talleyrand- foreign ministerfrom France, offered

Louisiana Territory to US (15 mill)

James Monroe- sent to France

To help Livingston purchaseNew Orleans

Robert Livingston- US Envoy to France, offer $10 million for New

Orleans and W. Florida

Role in US Expansion

8:3 Drifting Towards WarEscalating Foreign Affairs Issues“Nature and a wide sea, peace, is our

passion”-Jefferson

Events leading to the War of 1812

In 1803 France & Britain were again at war.-Piracy- preying on ships at sea-Barbary states-US at war with Tripoli b/c of tributes and captureof us sailors

Stephen Decatur: put a stop to piracy in Tripoli in 1815

Impressment- forceful kidnapping of soldiers (GB seized US sailors & deserters

Chesapeake (frigate) destroyed by Leopard, US sailors captured = US pushed towards war with GB

Berlin & Milan decrees• 1803• Napoleon ordered seizures of any

ships with British goods trying to deliver to France & other Euro countries

• Milan– No trade w/ Europe & GB

• inhibited US right to trade as a neutral nation.

Orders in Council- • 1807 • Passed by GB in

response to France

• All neutral ships must stop in GB before they can trade in Europe

• GB threatened by US

• US risks seizure of ships

Embargo Act• 1807• Not respecting our neutrality!• US will not trade w/ anyone, ships

forbidden to sail for foreign ports!• Attempt to hurt GB and

France how?• Disaster for US

Election of 1808

• President?– James Madison– Republican

Non-Intercourse Act-

• 1809- Replaced the repealed Embargo Act

• US resume trade with everyone, but France and GB

Macon’s Bill No. 2• 1810• Whoever respects US neutrality 1st

will gain US trade..• France removes Berlin/Milan Decrees

– Trick!!!!?• US cut off trade w/GB 1811 (Madison)

US DRIFTING TO WAR WITH GB!

US declares war on GB, Why?

• Causes of War of 1812– Hunger for land= British Canada– Impressment, taking of US sailors and

ships– Not respecting neutrality/trade hurting– Pressure to go to war by “war hawks”– Incitement of Indians on frontier

Frontier

• Indian attacks on frontier– Who backed them?

• GB

• Potawatomi and Shawnee tribes– Tecumseh try to unite tribes

• The Battle of Tippecanoe– William Henry Harrison– Defeats Tecumseh

• Sides w/ GB

8:4 THE WAR OF 1812

Madison’s grievances or problems against Great Britain?

- Impressments- Blockades- Inciting Indian attacks

- William Henry Harrison sent troops Ohio river valley

- Rejecting diplomatic efforts at peace

Troubles US faced in attacking Canada?-soldiers scattered throughout US-top commanders were too old-no single commanding general-no overall plan

Locations of American victories

• Lake Erie (control of Great Lakes)• Thames (Tecumseh killed)• North Point (turning point)• Battle of Baltimore

In 1814, British offensives sent to?

• Washington• Baltimore• New Orleans

British burn public buildings, including?

• Capitol• White House

Type of men who served as soldiers under Jackson at New Orleans?-regular soldiers-militia-pirates-free African Americans

New Orleans:I. Greatest American victory but it was useless.II. Peace treaty had been signed two

weeks earlier in Europe.

New Orleans

Types of Boats used by US• Small ships• Small gunboats• Frigates- medium sized warships (“Old Iron

Sides, the USS Constitution)

Treaty of Ghent: Signed Dec. 24 1814

• Stop fighting• Restore old boundaries• Put other problems off for future

settlement

Not included in the Treaty of Ghent?

• No word about neutral rights being respected or impressment stopping!!!

• No land changed hands

Results of War of 1812!

• Jackson becomes national hero!• Manufacturing in US develops

because of lack of European goods• More respect from other countries• Nationalism, thinking of themselves

as Americans increased (national unity, patriotism)

• Federalist party dies out

ESSAY!

• Why was this war so crucial or important to the newly United States of America?