Elaborari.doc

8/10/2019 Elaborari.doc

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IDIOMS AND OTHER EXPRESSIONS

FOR DESCRIBING CHARACTER AND PERSONALITY

The words and expressions below can all be used informally to describe different kinds of people. Use them to complete sentences 1 35. Note that many of the words / expressions hae a ne!atie connotation and are not ery polite" so you should be careful how you use

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1. Nobody likes 6eter ery much because he:s so annoyin!. ,e:s a ri!ht pain in the neck #

;. $ndy is so borin!. id you know that his idea of a perfect day is !oin! to the station to collect train re!istration numbers< 4hat an anorak #

3. ) know that you don:t like your =ob ery much" but ) wish you would stop complainin! about it all the time. on:t be such a oanin! Minnie #

>. )melda loes workin! here? she:s a real happ" caper .

5. $lan is an excellent and intelli!ent mana!er who runs the department well and deals effectiely with any problems that come up. eryone a!rees that he:s a / an

a #art cookie .

@. -ou:e been sittin! in front of the teleision for almost four hours. 4hy don:t you turn it off and !o for a walk< -ou:re turnin! into a / an a co$ch potato .

A. 4e were hain! a wonderful eenin! until $nne =oined us. 4hy does she hae to be so ne!atie about eerythin! all the time< 0he:s such a / an a %et &'anket#

B. on:t be such a /an a chatter&o( # )f you concentrated instead of speakin! all the time" you would !et more work done.

C. )f you want some help" ask )melda. 0he:s always happy and willin! to help out? she:s a real ea!er &ea)er #

1D. ) hope &ick comes out with us toni!ht. ,e:s such !ood fun" always the 'i*e an+ #o$' o* the part" .11. 6oor 0amantha is a bit of a / an a %a''*'o%er . 0he would hae much more fun and would !et to know more people if she had more confidence.

1;. on is a bit of a / an a crank . ,e neer eats e!etables because he thinks they slow down your brain#

13. on:t be such a / an a %ip # -ou:e only !ot a small cut on your handE you haen:t lost a whole arm#

1>. $ll the newspapers are writin! about *ordon 0tapleton. ,e:s the new !o'+en &o" of n!lish football.

15. 4hen aurence ended his relationship with +andy" she refused to accept it and started sendin! him insultin! letters. Then one day she went to his house and

threw a brick throu!h his window# ) neer realised she was such a &$nn" &oi'er #

1@. +y line mana!er +r (urton is a real #'a)e +ri)er . -esterday he made us work for six hours without a break" and wouldn:t let us leae until Ao:clock.


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1A. +aureen is the ear'" &ir+ in this company. 0he starts work at A o:clock" two hours before anyone else arries.

1B. ):m afraid my son has become a bit of a / an a teara%a" . ,e stays out all ni!ht with his friends and he neer listens to a word ) say.

1C. $ll the !irls in the office loe aniel" and he loes them ri!ht back# ,e:s a re!ular Don ,$an .

;D. +rs &anscombe is such a /an a &$#"&o+" . ) wish she would stop interferin! in my priate life#

;1. +y boss is a real #croo!e ? he pays us peanuts and hasn:t !ien us a pay rise for two years.

;;. 7ames is a bit of a / an a +a"+reaer . ,e neer seems to pay attention durin! his lessons" and doesn:t appear to take in anythin! ) say.

;3. +artin isn:t ill# ,e:s not at work today because he:s too laFy to come in" the #ki)er #

;>. +ichelle neer pays for anythin! when we !o out" and =ust relies on other people. 0he:s such a / an a #ca%an!er .

;5. +ike has always been a / an a ro''in! #tone . ,e can neer stay in the same place for ery lon!" and he rarely keeps the same =ob for more than sixmonths.

;@. %ur new secretary is a / an a c'ock-%atcher . 0he doesn:t work ery hard" and she can:t wait for the workin! day to end.

;A. eryone respects $rthur. ,e:s the #a't o* the earth .

;B. ) would aoid 2hristine" if ) were you. 0he:s a real tro$&'eaker " and loes to start ar!uments.

;C. 4hen ) ask you a Guestion" ) want you to !ie me a short" sensible answer. on:t be a / an a #art A'ec #

3D. 2ome on" (ill. &elax and en=oy yourself# on:t be such a / an a #t$**e+ #hirt .

31. $nthony is always followin! the boss around" carryin! his briefcase and papers" openin! doors for him and brin!in! him cups of coffee. 4hat a creep#

3;. on:t ask Tina to keep a secret? she:s a real &i!o$th .

33. ) know that +r 2onnor isn:t ery well spoken and doesn:t behae ery politely" but he:s a pleasant and kind man" a real Hro$!h +iaon+ .

3>. +r 'elly seems nice and kind when you first start workin! for him" but in fact he:s a ruthless businessman who will fire you the first time you make a mistake.

,e:s a real %o'* in #heep.# c'othin! .

35. TarGuin is a bit of a chin'e## %on+er . ,e has lots of money" but eeryone thinks he:s weak and stupid.


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It.# Not /hat Yo$ Sa"0 B$t Ho% Yo$ Sa" It

Word List:

bombastic adj. speaking pompously, with inflated self-importance.Ahmed was shocked that a renowned andadmired humanitarian could give such a bombastic keynote address.

censure n. an expression of strong criticism or disapproval; a rebuke or condemnation.After the Senator was found guiltyof taking bribes, Congress unanimously agreed to censure him.

derisive adj. scornful, expressing ridicule; mocking, jeering. In order to ensure a positive environment, derisive commentswere forbidden in the classroom.

disparage v. to speak of in a slighting or derogatory way; to belittle. Comedians often disparage politicians as part oftheir comedic routines.

effusive adj. expressing emotions in an unrestrained or excessive way; profuse, overflowing, gushy.Annes unepected effusivegreeting made !ammy uncomfortable.

eloquent adj. expressing strong emotions or arguments in a powerful, fluent, and persuasive manner.Abraham "incolns#ettysburg Address is considered one of the most elo$uent speeches ever given by a %.S. president.

gainsay v. to deny, contradict, or declare false; to oppose.&etra would gainsay all accusations made against her.

harangue n. a long, often scolding or bombastic speech; a tirade.'embers of the audience began to get restless duringthe senators political harangue.

importune v. . to ask incessantly, make continuous re!uests. ". to beg persistently and urgently. Children cant help butimportune during the holidays, constantly nagging for the irresistible toys they see advertised on television.

malapropism n. comical misuse of words, especially those that are similar in sound. !he politicians malapropisms may make uslaugh, but they will not win our votes.


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mince v. . to cut into very small pieces. ". to walk or speak affectedly, as with studied refinement. 3. to say something moredelicately or indirectly for the sake of politeness or decorum.&lease dont mince your words(just tell me what you want to say.

opprobrious adj. . expressing contempt or reproach; scornful, abusive. ". bringing shame or disgrace.It was inappropriateto make such opprobrious remarks in front of everybody.

oxymoron n. a figure of speech containing a seemingly contradictory combination of expressions, such asfriendly fire.!he term)non*working mother+ is a contemptible oymoron.

platitude n. a trite or banal statement, especially one uttered as if it were new.'atthew offered me several platitudes but noreal advice.

remonstrate v. . to say or plead in protest, objection, or opposition. ". to scold or reprove. !he children remonstrated loudlywhen their mother told them they couldnt watch that movie.

repartee n. . a !uick, witty reply. ". the ability to make witty replies.e wasnt epecting such a sharp repartee from someonewho was normally so $uiet.

sardonic adj. sarcastic; mocking scornfully.I was hurt by his sardonic reply.

sententious adj. . expressing oneself tersely; pithy. ". full of maxims and proverbs offered in a self-righteous manner.Iwas looking for your honest opinion, not a sententious reply.

solecism n. . a mistake in the use of language. ". violation of good manners or eti!uette; impropriety.-ranks solecism causedhis debate team much embarrassment.

voluble adj. . talking a great deal and with great ease; language marked by great fluency; rapid, nimble speech. ". turning orrotating easily on an axis. our new spokesperson is very voluble and clearly comfortable speaking in front of large audiences.Read the following sentences carefully. Decide which word best describes what is being said and circle the letter

of the correct answer.

. #$undle up,% said &unt 'argaret. #( don)t want you getting sick and coming down with ammonia.% *he underlined

word is a+n


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a. malapropism.

". ack pleaded, #an ( go on the rollercoaster one more time, 'om/ 0lease/ ( really, really want to. 0retty please/ ()ll

do extra chores this week. 0lease/% *his little boy is

b. importuning his mother.

3. #1ou are hopeless2 ( cannot believe your files are in such disorder,% the irritable supervisor shouted. *his remark isd. opprobrious.

. #ome on, 'om2 1ou)re not being fair2 4hy can)t ( stay out until midnight just like my friends/ ()m old enough,%

stated 'arissa emphatically. *his teenager is

a. remonstrating her mother.

5. #h, wow2 ( just can)t believe it2 ()m so excited2 *his is the best thing ever2 ( am very, very happy,% the new

homeowner declared. *his remark is

c. effusive.

6. *he cranky old coach yelled, #1ou call that a pitch/ ()ve seen rookies with better aim.% *his remark is

a. derisive.

7. #4e)d only just met the host when 8enny told her that her house desperately needed a makeover,% anine said. #( was

so embarrassed2% 8enny)s comment was a+n

b. solecism.

9. #4ell, son, ()ve got news for you: 1ou win some, you lose some. $esides, it)s not whether you win or lose thatcounts. (t)s how you play the game,% my old-fashioned dad said. *his remark is

a. sententious.

. #*hey)ve labeled the poster an authentic reproduction,% the anti!ue dealer said. #*hat)s like calling a book on the

bestseller list a new classic.% *he underlined words are examples of a+n

b. oxymoron.


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arlene found that onathan)s remarks ???disparaged?????+ed her so much that their relationship was at stake.@is critical comments were unkind.

". 4hen he discovered the error, hesterton lashed out at 4atkins. @is harangue lasted for several

minutes and shocked everyone in my department2

3. &$ 0aper has been polluting our river for the last "< years and has been keeping it from the public. *his is not just

wrong, it)s criminal. &$ 0aper is guilty of unforgivable sins against the environment and against the people of our state

and deserves the most severe censure .

. $ecause she is so voluble , she has no trouble meeting new people or talking in front of a crowd.

5. ( wish Adna would be more straightforward. Bhe)s always ?mincing???????+ing her words, as if she is afraid she

will hurt my feelings.

6. 4hat a+n eloquent essay2 (t is forceful and fluent with powerful and precise word choice throughout the

text.

7. aleb)s reply was sardonic , as usual. @e can)t seem to say anything without mockery.

9. *itus tried to insult (sabel, but she tactfully deflected the insult with a witty repartee .


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. Bhe thought she was offering some real advice, but all she could give me was some platitudes +s like

#tomorrow)s another day% and #good things come to those who wait.%

" D an alphabetical list of sources that have been cited +!uoted from in your paper. &ll entries in

the 4orks ited page must correspond to the works cited in your main text.

$($E(FC&0@1 D an alphabetical list of sources that you have cited in your paper, read or just consulted while

doing research for yourpaper.

!"#$ R%L&":

'. $egin your 4orks ited page on a separate page at the end of your research paper. (t should have the same one-inch margins.

(. Eabel the page 4orks ited +do not italiciGe the words 4orks ited or put them in !uotation marks and center the words

4orks ited at the top of the page.

). (ndent the second and subse!uent lines of citations by


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A.g.:

ook with ne !uthor:

Fleick, ames. Chaos1 'aking a 2ew Science. =ew 1ork: 0enguin, 97. 0rint.

@enley, 0atricia. !he ummingbird ouse. >enver: 'ac'urray, . 0rint.

ook with /ore 0han ne !uthor: the first given name appears in last name, first name format; subse!uent authornames appear in first name last name format:

Fillespie, 0aula, and =eal Eerner. !he Allyn and 0acon #uide to &eer !utoring. $oston: &llyn, "


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3 Bept. "ate you accessed the material. +(t is necessary to list your date of access because web postings are often updated, and

information available on one date may no longer be available later6. JCE +if re!uired, or for your own personal reference; 'E& does not re!uire a JCE.
http://classics.mit.edu/http://classics.mit.edu/http://classics.mit.edu/http://classics.mit.edu/


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$iting an entire website:

Aditor, author, or compiler name +if available.2ame of Site. Iersion number. =ame ofinstitutionMorganiGation affiliated with the

site +sponsor or publisher, date of resource creation +if available. 'edium of publication. >ate

of access.

A.g.:!he &urdue /3" -amily of Sites. *he 4riting Eab and 4E at 0urdue and 0urdue J, "


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$orrect the mistakes in the following list of Works $ited:

W

o

r

ks$

i

t

e

d

L$lueprint Eays ut lear 0ath for limate &ction.L4nvironmental 7efense -und. Anvironmental

>efense Hund, 9 'ay "


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---. LFlobal 4arming Aconomics.L Science =ov. "


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SEMINAR3

I VocabularyI Phrasal Verbs

I Works Cited: Electronic Sources


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WORD

LISTlithe adj. lighthearted, casual, and carefree.5achels blithe attitude toward spending money left her

penniless and in debt.

umptious adj. arrogant, conceited. !he bumptious man could not stop talking about himself orlooking in the mirror.

$apricious adj. impulsive, whimsical, and unpredictable.5obin 3illiams, the comedian,demonstrates a most capricious nature even when he is not performing.

$hurlish adj. ill-mannered, boorish, rude.Angelos churlish remarks made everyone at the tableuncomfortable and ill at ease.

$ircumspect adj. cautious, wary, watchful. !he captain was circumspect as he guided theboat through the fog.

$raven adj. cowardly. )!his craven act of violence will not go unpunished,+ remarked thepolice chief.

Diffident adj. lacking self-confidence; shy and timid.Alans diffident nature is often misinterpreted asarrogance.

9regarious adj. . seeking and enjoying the company of others; sociable. ". tending to form a groupwith others of the same kind.6ohn was agregariousfellow who always had fun at social events.

#rascible adj. irritable, easily aroused to anger; hot tempered.er irascible temperament caused manyproblems with the staff at theoffice.


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verweening adj. . presumptuously arrogant, overbearing. ". excessive, immoderate.I $uit because Icouldnt stand to work for suchan overweening boss.

erfidious adj. treacherous, dishonest; violating good faith, disloyal.

!heperfidious knight betrayed his king.ersonable adj.pleasing in appearance or manner; attractive.

Sandra ispersonable and well*liked by her peers.

etulant adj.peevish; unreasonably or easily irritated or annoyed.

!he pouting and sulking child could only be described aspetulant.

retentious adj. showy, pompous,putting on airs.annah thinks that beingpretentious will make people like her, butshe is sorely mistaken.

unctilious adj. very conscientious andprecise;paying great attention to details or trivialities, especially in regard toeti!uette.9ira is aspunctilious in her personal affairs as she is in the workplace.

"agacious adj. having or showing soundjudgment;perceptive, wise.'ysagacious uncle always gives me good, soundadvice.

"anguine adj. . confidently cheerful, optimistic. ". of the color ofblood; red.&eople are drawn to her because ofhersanguine and pleasant nature.

"urly adj.bad-tempered, gruff, or unfriendly in a way that suggests menace.4mily received asurlygreeting fromthe normally cheerful receptionist.

$hoose the answer that is the best response for each question below.

.4hich of the following traits is most desirable in a roommate/b. personable

".4hich of the following traits is least desirable in a roommate/d. surly

3.4hich kind of person would most likely make the best waiter/ Bomeone P


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d. who is punctilious

.4hich kind of person would most likely make the best spy/ Bomeone P

c. who is perfidious

5.4hich kind of person would most likely make the best judge/ Bomeone P

b. who is sagacious

6.4hich kind of person would most likely make the best security guard/ Bomeone P

b. who is circumspect

7.4hich kind of person would most likely be the best companion when you are feeling sad/Bomeone Pd. who is sanguine

9.4hich character trait would you least like to see in a soldier/a. craven

.4hich character trait would you least like to see in a judge/a. capricious


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petulant

a. someone who throws a tantrum because his or her soup was not warm enough

puerile

b. a ten year old who has never been given responsibility

irascible

d. someone waiting for his airplane to take off, only to be told four hours later that his flight has been

canceled and his luggage has been lost.

'(. /atch the personality traits and attitudes listed in

$olumn ! to the descriptions in $olumn .

$olumn ! $olumn

&t aparty, a person wouldmost likelybe:

bumptious a. sitting alone in a corner

churlish

b. talking comfortably with a large group of people.

diffident c.trying to impress others by telling

them everything he or she knows about any given subject.

gregarious d. making ill-mannered and rude

remarks

pretentious e. talking condescendingly to others.


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').Write a descriptive paragraph of '+akota to become fabulously wealthy. @owever, he achieved this lofty goal by

participating in organiGed crime, including distributing illegal alcohol and trading in stolen securities. Hrom his early

youth, Fatsby despised poverty and longed for wealth and sophisticationQhe dropped out of Bt. laf)s ollege after

only two weeks because he could not bear the janitorial job with which he was paying his tuition. *hough Fatsby

has always wanted to be rich, his main motivation in ac!uiring his fortune was his love for >aisy $uchanan, whom

he met as a young military officer in Eouisville before leaving to fight in 4orld 4ar ( in 7. Fatsby immediately

fell in love with >aisy)s aura of luxury, grace, and charm, and lied to her about his own background in order to

convince her that he was good enough for her. >aisy promised to wait for him when he left for the war, but married

*om $uchanan in , while Fatsby was studying at xford after the war in an attempt to gain an education. Hrom

that moment on, Fatsby dedicated himself to winning >aisy back, and his ac!uisition of millions of dollars, his

purchase of a gaudy mansion on 4est Agg, and his lavish weekly parties are all merely means to that end.


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HitGgerald delays the introduction of most of this information until fairly late in the novel. Fatsby)s reputation

precedes himQFatsby himself does not appear in a speaking role until hapter 3. HitGgerald initially presents

Fatsby as the aloof, enigmatic host of the unbelievably opulent parties thrown every week at his mansion. @e

appears surrounded by spectacular luxury, courted by powerful men and beautiful women. @e is the subject of a

whirlwind of gossip throughout =ew 1ork and is already a kind of legendary celebrity before he is ever introduced

to the reader. HitGgerald propels the novel forward through the early chapters by shrouding Fatsby)s background andthe source of his wealth in mystery +the reader learns about Fatsby)s childhood in hapter 6 and receives definitive

proof of his criminal dealings in hapter 7. &s a result, the reader)s first, distant impressions of Fatsby strike !uite

a different note from that of the lovesick, naive young man who emerges during the later part of the novel.

HitGgerald uses this techni!ue of delayed character revelation to emphasiGe the theatrical !uality of Fatsby)s

approach to life, which is an important part of his personality. Fatsby has literally created his own character, even

changing his name from ames FatG to ay Fatsby to represent his reinvention of himself. &s his relentless !uest for

>aisy demonstrates, Fatsby has an extraordinary ability to transform his hopes and dreams into reality; at thebeginning of the novel, he appears to the reader just as he desires to appear to the world. *his talent for self-

invention is what gives Fatsby his !uality of #greatness%: indeed, the title #*he Freat Fatsby% is reminiscent of

billings for such vaudeville magicians as #*he Freat @oudini% and #*he Freat $lackstone,% suggesting that the

persona of ay Fatsby is a masterful illusion.

Fatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us.

&s the novel progresses and HitGgerald deconstructs Fatsby)s self-presentation, Fatsby reveals himself to be an

innocent, hopeful young man who stakes everything on his dreams, not realiGing that his dreams are unworthy ofhim. Fatsby invests >aisy with an idealistic perfection that she cannot possibly attain in reality and pursues her with

a passionate Geal that blinds him to her limitations. @is dream of her disintegrates, revealing the corruption that

wealth causes and the unworthiness of the goal, much in the way HitGgerald sees the &merican dream crumbling in

the "


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latter, sober and reflective, seem to represent two sides of HitGgerald)s personality. &dditionally, whereas *om is a

cold-hearted, aristocratic bully, Fatsby is a loyal and good-hearted man. *hough his lifestyle and attitude differ

greatly from those of Feorge 4ilson, Fatsby and 4ilson share the fact that they both lose their love interest to *om.

Phrasal Verbs and Idioms sin! "C#ME$

&xercise ': $omplete the phrasal verbs in sentences '?'+ with an appropriate particle or

particles.0he meaning of each phrasal verb in its context is explained in italics at the end of each

sentence.

. @ave you ever come across

or find something by chance:

such a horrible person in all your life/ +to meet someone

". @ow isBarah coming along with

better in $uality, skill or health:

her photography course/ +to make progress or get

3. (Km$ritish, but myparentscome from

(ndia. +to have your home in a particular place:

. Hast foodhascome in for

such as criticism:

more criticism from thepress. +to receive something


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5. ( donKtwant theproblem of moneycoming between

disagreement between two people:us. +to cause an argument or

6. (Kve been writing this book for six months, and itKs finally coming together . +tofinally start to worksuccessfully:

7. &s( get older, ( findthat mybirthdaysseem tocome around

happen regularly:

more fre!uently. +to

9. Bhe came into

a lot of money when her grandfather died. +to receive something ;

usually money ; when someone dies:.4e needtocome up with a plan that will make us a lot of money. +to

think of something such as an idea or plan:


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in my hands. +to

separate intopieces,sometimes because the object ; in this case a camera ; has been badly made:

.4eKve had a difficult few weeks,but (Km glad to see weKve managedtocome throughtogether. +to

be still alive, working or making progress after a difficult or

dangerous eperience:

5. ( donKtfeel verygood. ( think (Km coming down something. +to

become ill with a particular disease, but not usually one that is serious:.

&xercise (: $omplete these two conversations with the expressions from the following list:

- &B C(@ &B *@A1 'A;

- 'A EA&=;- 'A * *@(=8 &$J* (*;

- >=K* 'A @A&0;

- 4@A= (* 'AB * '&8(=F;

- ( >=K* 8=44@ACA 1JKCA '(=F HC';

- 'A & E=F 4&1;

- 'A (= @&=>1;

- 'A J0 (=*@A 4CE>;

- HC 1A&CB * 'A;- @4 'A;

- >=K* 'A *@A (==A=* 4(*@ 'A;

- 'A &F&(=;

- 'A HH (*;

- '(=F C(F@* J0;

- 1JKEE FA* 4@&*KB '(=F;

- *&8(=F A&@ >&1 &B (* 'AB;


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- ( >=K* 8=4 (H (K' '(=F C F(=F.

(.

ulie:1ou two-timing, double-crossing cheat2

Cick:$ome again/

ulie:1ou heard me. ( saw you leaving a restaurant with a strange woman today.Cick: $ome off24hat woman/

ulie: Don@t come innocent with me2

Cick: Eook, (Km sorry,but, # don@t know where you@re coming from.

ulie:*he long-haired brunette in the jeans and leather jacket.

Cick: &h, right. Aow come you saw us/

ulie: ( had gone into town to do some shopping and saw the two of you.4ho is she/ &nd donKt lie, oryou@ll get what@s coming, believe me.

Cick: 4ell, ( suppose (Kll have tocome clean, wonKt (/

ulie: 1ou certainly will.

Cick: 1ou saw us from behind, right/

ulie: Jh, right.

Cick: 1es, wellwhen it comes to makingfalse assumptions, you win. *hat was &llan, my new boss.

((.*im: ( havenKt seen ohn this week.$ome to think about it, ( havenKt seen him for a few weeks.

&ndy: h, heKs busy moving into his new house. @eKs bought a place in

@ampstead.

*im: (n @ampstead/ @ow did he afford that/ @ouses in @ampstead don@t come cheap.


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&ndy: 4ell, heKscome a long waysince he worked as a salesman for 0*F. @e

owns his own company now, and is making a fortune. &pparently heKs now

come up in the world.

*im: @e kept that !uiet. ( didnKt know how much he hadas rich as they come . &ndy: 4ell, he doesnKt

like to boast about it. @ow are you getting on in your

new job, by the way/

*im: h, thereKs so much to do and so much to learn that most of the time

$ome up in the world. (Km just; # don@t know if #@m coming or going; taking each day as it comes .

@owKs work for you/

&ndy: h, so so, you know. ( was hoping to look for something else more interesting,but there arenKtmany jobs out there. ( guess (Kll be with the same company for years to come .4hat ( need is a big winon the lottery.

*im:1es, that wouldcome in handy2 (n the meantime, how about buying me another drink/

&ndy: Bame again/

*im:1es please.

&ndy: 8,coming right up2

4C8B (*A> D an alphabetical list of sources that have been cited +!uoted from in your paper. &ll

entries in the 4orks ited page must correspond to the works cited in your main text.

$($E(FC&0@1 D an alphabetical list of sources that you have cited in yourpaper, read or just

consulted while doing research for your paper.

!"#$ R%L&":

.$egin your 4orks ited page on a separate page at the end of your researchpaper. (t should have

the same one-inch margins.

".Eabel thepage 4orks ited +do not italiciGe the words4orks ited or put them in

!uotation marks and center the words4orks ited at the top of the page.

3.(ndent the second and subse!uent lines of citations by


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.Eist page numbers of sources efficiently, when needed. (f you refer to a journal article that appeared on

pages ""5 through "5I>.

6.4riters are no longer re!uired to provide JCEs for4eb entries. @owever, if yourinstructor insists on them, include them in angle brackets after the entry and end with a period. Hor

long JCEs, break lines only at slashes.

7.(f youKre citing an article or a publication that was originally issued in print form but that you retrieved

from an online database, you should type the online database name in italics.


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asic -ormat for a book citation:

Eastname, Hirstname. !itle /f 0ook. ity f 0ublication: 0ublisher,1ear f

0ublication. 'edium f 0ublication.

A.g.:

ook with ne !uthor:

Fleick, ames. Chaos1 'aking a 2ew Science.=ew 1ork: 0enguin, 97.0rint. @enley, 0atricia. !he ummingbird ouse. >enver: 'ac'urray, .0rint.

ook with /ore0han ne !uthor: the first given name appears in last name, first name format;subse!uent author names appear in first name last name format:

Fillespie, 0aula, and =eal Eerner. !he Allyn and 0acon #uide to &eer!utoring.

$oston: &llyn, "


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that most readers can find electronic sources via title or author searches in (nternet Bearch Angines.-orinstructors or editors who still wish to re$uire the use of %5"s,'E& suggests that the JCE appear inangle brackets after the date of access.

A.g.:

&ristotle.&oetics. *rans. B. @. $utcher. !he Internet ClassicsArchive. 4eb

&tomic and 'assachusetts (nstitute of *echnology,

3 Bept. "


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postings are often updated, and information available on one date may no longer be available later

. JCE +if re!uired, or for your own personal reference; 'E& does not re!uire a JCE.

$iting an entire website:

Aditor, author, or compiler name +if available.2ame of Site. Iersion number. =ame ofinstitutionM organiGation affiliated with the site +sponsor or publisher, date of resource

creation +if available. 'edium ofpublication. >ate of access.

A.g.:!he &urdue /3" -amily of Sites. *he 4riting Eab and 4E at 0urdue and 0urdue J, "


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BA'(=&C

Iocabulary +verbs describing actions that are powerful or invoke vivid

images;

(diomatic phrases and proverbs in translation;

(dioms using words connected with the weather.


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WRD L#"0

!brogate B v. to abolish, do away with, or annul by authority. It was unclear if the judge would abrogate thelower courts ruling. eguile D v. to deceive or cheat through cunning; to distract thea'ention of, divert; to pass time in a pleasant manner, to amuse

or charm.


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#nveigle D v. to inRuence or persuade through gentle coaxing or Ra'ery; to entice.


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= slaveholder; to a slave beguile

= a rosebush in spring careen

= a lawmaking authority; to its decimate

constituents

= a tornado or earthquake; to a fulminate

city

= a car out of control interdict

= a mother; to a misbehaving subvert

child

= a ghost in a horror movie burgeon

= a desperate political candidate; upbraid

against his opponent

- a small=time swindler petrify

- a group of rebels; to a fetter

government


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Read the following sentences carefully. $hoose the verb from the list below that best completes eachsentence.

abrogate immolatebolster inveigleburnish pi!ue deprecate

stultify forestalltruncated

'. # can@t believe $harlie wouldtry to stultify

like that

me in front of my boss

(. Ae thinks he can >ust inveigle

everyone falls for that kind of Eattery.

everyone he meets; but not

). Ais Eagging spirits were bolster 2ed3 by the news that a publisher had accepted his

manuscript.*. nce a month; # spend a "aturday afternoon burnish 2ing3 mysilverware.

+. "aul deprecate 2ed3 every remark that ernadette made; and shegrew wearyof his interruptions.


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,. Aer career as a dancer was turncote 2ed3 because of a

skiing accident.

4. 0he strike was forestall 2ed3 by last=-minute concessions by management.

5. !t the end of Frankenstein, the creature immolate 2s3

himself in a giant funeral pyre.

6. 0he new president rashly abrogate 2ed3 all of the laws passed by his

predecessor.

'


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(diomatic 0hrases and 0roverbs in *ranslation

0ranslate the following sentences into &nglish:

. @ow strange2 &lthough they are not twins, they look like two pieces in a pod.M &lthough they)re twins,

they)re as different as night and day.". 4ho sows the wind reaps the storm.

3. $ob is terribly drooling lately. @e would rile even a Baint.

. & fault confessed is half redressed.

5. ne is judged by facts not by words.

6. & small mistake saves you from a big one.

7. & scalded cat fears cold water.

9. *he shared thought eases the heart.

. urses like hickens come home to roost.


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(dioms and other expressions using words connected with the weather

(n sentences T ", complete the first part of each idiom or expression in bold with its second part

from the box.

...as rain; ...but it pours; ...cloud nine; ...disposition; ...for a rainy day; ...in a fog;

...in a storm; ...in a teacup; ...my thunder; ...of criticism; ...or shine; ...parade;

...rain check; ...reception; ...red mist; .....snowed; ...the driven snow; ... like the wind; ...the wind blows;

...thunder; ...wind of; ...wind out of my sails; ...wind

up; ...your judgement.

. *he Aducation 'inisterK s speech to the teachers got a frosty reception .

". ( canKt think properly. (Km tired, and my mind is in a fog .

3. ( usually spend most of my salary, but ( always try to save something rainy day .

. (Km sorry you donKt feel very well. 4hy donKt you go to bed, and (Km sure youKllbe

right as rain in the morning.

5. BheKs always happy, friendly and smiling: she has a really sunny disposition .

6. ( canKtjoin you for lunch today. (Km absolutely snowed under under with work.

7. ( would avoid the boss if ( were you: heK s got a face like like thunder .

9. 1our train leaves in one minute. 1ouKll have to run like the wind if you want to catch it.

. ( know that youKre angry and upset, but donKt let your emotions cloud cloud your judgement .


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38/63

Beminar 5

-% (dioms used for talking about 4C8

-% 0hrasal verbs using #work%

-% (dioms used for talking about '=A1


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#D#/" !1D 0A&R &GR&""#1" %"&D -R 0!LH#19 !%0 WRH

&xercise ': $hoose the best definition; 2a3 or 2b3; to explain the idiom or other expression in red in thesesentences.

. Bue has always been a high=flier.

+a Someone who has achieved a lot and is determined to continue being successful.

". ( hate carrying the can for people in my department.

+b0eing the person who is considered responsible for something that has gone wrong.

3. 'y boss is such a slave driver

+b Someone who makes his her employees work very hard for long hours.

. *his job can be difficult at times, but just go with the flow.

+b7o what seems like the easiest thing in a particular situation.

5. 1ou want "


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9. Hriday is dress down day in our department.

+aA day when employees wear what they like to work.

. ur boss always gives us a lot of ear candy; although we would rather have a pay rise instead.+a9ind words that praise and encourage an employee.


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. 4e might refer to a bad employer with a reputation for losing talented staff as a... +a people churner

5. (f you do a lot of different types of work in an office for very low pay, you could be referred to as a...

+d dogsbody

6. 4hen an employee telephones to say that sMhe is not coming to work because sMhe is ill, but in fact is only pretending

to be ill, we say that sMhe is throwing...+a a sickie

7. (f an employee gets very angry at work because of something bad or unpleasant that happens, we can say that theyare experiencing...

+b work rage

9. 4ork that offers the same money for less effort than another similar job is often known as...

+a a cushy number

. 4hen somebody is dismissed from their job, we can say that they have... +c got the boot


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. & laGy employee who only pretends to work is said to be...

+c swinging the lead

5. Bomeone who is out of work and claiming money from the government can be said to be...+a on the dole

&xercise ): 0ry to decide what the idioms and other expressions in the following sentences mean:

. @e cooked us a fantastic breakfast. 4e had the whole works=had everything

". Averything was going really well, and then the boss threw a spanner in the works.=suddenly stopped a process or

plan

3. 4eKll have our work cut out for us if we want to continue making money from this project.=a difficult >ob to

do

. ( was hot, tired and in a really bad mood, but a cold shower worked wonders=had a very good result

1ou will pass your exams, but only if you work your socks off.=worked hard

5. @e was very hungry, and made short work of the meal ( had cooked.=ate quickly

6. 4eKre only a little bit late, and we have got a good excuse, so donKt get so worked up=get angry

7. (t is very difficult to obtain a visa to visit the country, but if you know how to work the system it can be very

easy.=people that are well connected

9. (Kve worked my fingers to the bone for this company for twenty years, and now they

tell me that they donKt need me anymore2=worked very hard

. ( work in the customer complaints department for a major airline, so being shouted at by angry customers is all in

a dayIs work for me.=it is usual; something regular

AR!"!L J&R" %"#19 KWRH


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&xercise *: $omplete sentences ' ? '< with an appropriate form of work 2for example; present continuous;past simple; etc3; and an appropriate particle or particles; to make phrasal verbs.

.*he exact details of the event havenKtbeen worked out

something:

yet. +*o decide or agree on

". 4eKll have to work on oey to find out whatKs going on. +*o try to influencesomeone, often in order to get information from them:

3. (n my experience, the bestway of working off tension is by playing a good game of

tennis. +*oget rid of a feeling, or get rid of some weight, by doing something that involves physical activity:

.&re you working up to tell me that youKve lost my camera/ +*o prepare yourself to do:

something difficult, or try to prepare someone for bad news. *his phrasal verb needs " particles.

5. (Kve finally worked out

considering the facts:what that strange noise in the attic is. +*o solve a problem by

6. *he total cost of our holiday last year, including flights and accommodation,

worked out at about U3


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9. ( m not very hungry. 0erhaps ( should go for a walk to work up an appetite. +*odevelop a particular feeling:

. (f she works improving her game, she could be a champion. +*o try hard to develop or improvesomething:


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&xercise (: Look at the idioms in red in sentences () ? )5; and decide if the people:

2!3 have paid a lot of money for something. 23 have paid a small amount of money for something.

"3. *he shop sold us our hi-fi for a rock=bottom price.b

". & piGGa and a glass of wine cost us U


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%"#19 !RR#!0& L!19%!9&

Eanguage is appropriate when it suits your subject, engages your audience, and blends naturally with your own

voice. *o some extent, your choice of language will be governed by the conventions of the genre in which you

are writing. 4hen in doubt about the conventions of a particular genre, consult your instructor or look at models

written by experts in the field.

. Btay away from jargon. 8argon is specialiGed language used among members of a trade, profession, or group. Jse

jargon only when readers will be familiar with it; even then, use it only when plain Anglish will not do as well.

$roadly defined, jargon includes puffed-up language designed more to impress readers than to inform them.

Bentences filled with jargon are hard to read, and they are often wordy as well.

V A.g. All employees functioning in the capacity of work*study students are re$uired to give evidence of currentenrollment. must prove that they are currently enrolled:.

!he C4/ should dialogue talk: with investors about partnering working: with clients to purchase land in

economically deprived >ones buy poor neighborhoods:.

". &void pretentious language, most euphemisms, and #doublespeak.% @oping to sound profound or poetic, some

writers embroider their thoughts with large words and flowery phrases. Buch pretentious language is so ornate and

wordy that it obscures the writer)s meaning.

A.g.: !aylors employment of multihued means of epression draws back the curtains and lets slip the nostalgicvantage point from which she observes American society as well as her lack of comprehension of economic realities.

!aylors use of colorful language reveals that she has a nostalgic view of American society and does notunderstand economic realities:

&uphemismsQnice-sounding words or phrases substituted for words thought to sound harsh or uglyQare sometimesappropriate. 'any cultures, for example, accept euphemisms when speaking or writing about excretion +( have to goto the bathroom:, sexual intercourse +*hey did not sleep together:, and the like. 'ost euphemisms, however, areneedlessly evasive or even deceitful. Eike pretentious language, they obscure the intended meaning.


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AJ0@A'(B' 0E&(= A=FE(B@

adult entertainment pornography preownedautomobile used car economicallydeprived poor negative savings debts

strategic withdrawal retreat or defeatrevenue enhancers taxes

chemical dependency drug addictiondownsiGe lay off, fire

correctional facility prison

*he term doublespeak applies to any deliberately evasive or deceptive language, including euphemisms.>oublespeak is especially common in politics and business. & military retreat is described as tacticalredeploymentD enhanced interrogation is a euphemism for #torture%; and downsi>ing really means #firingemployees.%

3. (n most contexts, avoid slang; regional expressions; and nonstandard &nglish. "lang is an informal andsometimesprivate vocabulary that expresses the solidarity of a group such as teenagers, rock musicians, or footballfans; it is subject to more rapid change than standard Anglish. &lthough slang has a certain vitality, itis a code that not everyone understands, and it is very informal. *herefore, it is inappropriate in most writtenwork.

4.g. 3hen the server crashed unepectedly, three hours of unsaved data went down the tubes. we lost E:!he governments )filth+ guidelines for food will make you yack. disgust you:

Regional expressions are common to a group in a geographic area. "ets talk with the bark off +for"ets speakfrankly: is an expression in the southern Jnited Btates, for example. Cegional expressions have the samelimitations as slang and are therefore inappropriate in most writing.

"tandard &nglish is the language used in all academic, business, and professional fields. 1onstandard &nglish is

spoken by people with a common regional or social heritage. &lthough nonstandard Anglish may be appropriate

when spoken within a close group, it is out of place in most formal and informal writing.

. hoose an appropriate level of formality. (n deciding on a level of formality, consider both your subject


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and your audience. >oes the subject demand a dignified treatment, or is a relaxed tone more suitable/ 4ill

readers be put off if you assume too close a relationship with them, or might you alienate them by

seeming too distant/ Hor most college and professional writing, some degree of formality is appropriate.

#nformal writing is appropriate for private letters, personal e-mail and text messages, and business

correspondence between close associates. Eike spoken conversation, informal writing allows contractions+don)t,Ill: and collo!uial words +kids, kinda:. Iocabulary and sentence structure are rarely complex.

(n choosing a level of formality, above all be consistent. 4hen a writer)s voice shifts from one level of

formality to another, readers receive mixed messages.

Revise the following passage so that the level of formality is appropriate for a

letter to the editor of a ma>or newspaper:

(n pop culture, college graduates whom return home to live with their parents are seen as

underachievers whom live off their families. &nd many older adults seem to feel that the trend of

moving back home after school, which was rare in their day, is becoming too commonplace today. $ut

society must realiGe that times have changed. 'ost young adults want to live on their own, but they graduate

with debt and need some time to get back on their feet. ollege tuition and the cost of housing have increased

way more than salary increases in the past fifty years. &lso, the job market is tighter and more jobs re!uire

advanced degrees than in the past. Bo before people speak ill of college graduates who move back into their

parents) house for a while, they had better consider all the facts.

5. &void sexist language. Bexist language is language that stereotypes or demeans women or men.

Jsing nonsexist language is a matter of courtesyQof respect for and sensitivity to the feelings of others.

Bome sexist language is easy to recogniGe because it reflects genuine contempt for women: referring to


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a woman as a #chick,% for example, or calling a lawyer a #lady lawyer.% ther forms of sexist language

are less blatant. *he following practices, while they may not result from conscious sexism, reflect

stereotypical thinking: referring to members of one profession as exclusively male or exclusively female

+teachers as women or computer engineers as men, for instance, using different conventions when naming or

identifying women and men, or assuming that all of one)s readers are men.

Btill other forms of sexist language result from outdated traditions. *hepronouns he, him, and his, forinstance, were traditionally used to refer generically to persons of either sex. =owadays, to avoid thatsexist usage, some writers useshe, her, and hers generically or substitute the female pronouns alternatelywith the male pronouns. Bimilarly, the nouns man and men were once used to refergenerically to persons of either sex. urrent usage demands gender-neutral terms for references to both men

and women.

4hen revising sexist language, you may be tempted to substitute he or she and his or her. *hese terms areinclusive but wordy; fine in small doses, they can become awkward when repeated throughout an essay. &

better revision strategy is to write in the plural; yet another strategy is to recast the sentence so that theproblem does not arise.

A.g.: BAW(B*& journalist is motivated by his deadline.& good interior designer treats her clients) ideas respectfully. &A0*&$EA $J*4C>1

& journalist is motivated by his or her deadline.& good interior designer treats his or her clients) ideas respectfully. $A**AC: JB(=F *@A0EJC&E

ournalists are motivated by their deadlines.Food interior designers treat their clients) ideas respectfully. $A**AC:CA&B*(=F *@A BA=*A=A

& journalist is motivated by a deadline.& d i i d i li ) id f ll


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& good interior designer treats clients) ideas respectfully.

&dit the following sentences to eliminate sexist language or sexist assumptions:

. 'rs. Feralyn Harmer, who is the mayor)s wife, is the chief surgeon at

Jniversity @ospital. >r. 0aul Freen is theassistant.

". Avery applicant wants to know how much theywill earn.

3. &n elementary school teacher should understand the concept of nurturing if if the intention is to be

effective.

. &n obstetrician needs to be available to theirpatients at all hours.

5. (f people do not stop polluting his environment, humankindwill perish.

6. & fireman must always be on call even when he is off duty.

7. *he chairwomanfor the new program in digital art is &riana *amlin, anaccomplished portrait painter, computer programmer, and cookie baker.

9. (n the governor)s race, Eena 4eiss, a defense lawyer and mother of two, easily defeated @arvey *ower,an architect.. Cecent military history has shown that womencombat helicopter

pilots are as skilled, reliable, and resourceful as men.

ob posting for an elementary school

teacher:

4e are looking for !ualified stafffor the position of elementary school teacher. *he ideal candidateshould have a degree, a state teaching certificate, and one year of student teaching. 0hey should beknowledgeable in all elementary subject areas, including science and math. 4hile we want our newteacher to have a commanding presence in the classroom, we are also looking for nurturingcharacteristics such as patience and trustworthiness. 0hey must be able to both motivate an entireclassroom and work with each student one-on-one to assess theirindividual needs. 0he teachermust also be comfortable communicating with the student@s parents. Hor salary and benefits

information, including leave policy, please contact the 'artin ounty Bchool $oard. &ny !ualifiedapplicant sho should submit theirrXsumX by 'arch 5.


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pp y

Beminar 6Iocabulary: -% work and play, food and drink, 5me

-%personality traits and a:tudes

0hrasal Ierbs +'iscellaneous


52/63

Word List

!nachronism n. . something that is placed into an incorrect historical period. ". a person, custom, or ideathat is out of date. !he authenFcity and credibility of theGHJs movie was damaged by the many anachronisms that appeared throughout the scenes.

!rchaic adj.belonging to former or ancient 5mes; characteris5c of the past. Samantha laughed at hergrandfathers archaic views of daFng and relaFonships. !rduous adj. . very difficult, laborious; re!uiringgreat effort. ". difficult to traverseor surmount. Commander Shackletons arduous journey through the ArcFc has become the subject ofmany books and movies.$oeval adj. of the same 5me period; contemporary. !he growth of personal computers and C7

players was coeval during the twenFeth century.

$ornucopia n. abundance; a horn of plenty. !he =rst*graders made cornucopias for!hanksgiving by placing papier*mKcheLvegetables into a hollowed*outhorn.

Dilatory adj. slow or late in doing something; intended to delay, especially to gain5me.5esen6ul for having to work the holiday, 'iguels dilatory approach to ge'ng himself up and dressedwas his own small act of passive resistance.&picurean n. a person devoted to the pursuit of pleasure and luxury, especially the enjoyment of good foodand comfort. 3hile on vacaFon at a posh resort hotel, 6oan became a true epicurean.Lucra6ve adj.proStable, producing much money. !eaching is a very rewarding career, butunfortunately it is not very lucraFve.

/alinger v. to pretend to be injured or ill in order to avoid work. Stop malingering and give me a handwith this job.

nus n. duty or responsibility of doing something; task, burden.It was Clarks idea, so the onus is on him toshow us that it will work.erfunctory adj. done out of a sense of duty or rou5ne but without much care or interest; superScial, notthorough. 3e were not saFs=ed with his perfunctory workD we felt a more thorough job could have beendone.rimeval adj. ancient, original; belonging to the earliest ages. !he primeval art found in the caves wasdiscovered by accident.roletariat n. the working class; those who do manual labor to earn a living. !he proletariatsdemanded fewer hours and be5er wages. ungent adj. . having a strong, sharp taste or smell. ".

penetra5ng,

caus5c; s5nging.I love the pungent taste of a good, strong curry.

N ff t d i k h i dl h 5l t ll i l d ht i kl ff d th l


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Nuaffv. to drink hurriedly or hear5ly; to swallow in large draughts.e $uickly $uaffed three glassesof water.Nuo6dian adj. . daily. ". commonplace, pedestrian.&rudence took her $uoFdian dose of medicine.Regale v. to delight or entertain with a splendid feast or pleasant amusement. !he king regaled his

guests unFl the early morning hours. Repose n. . res5ng or being at rest. ". calmness, tran!uility;peace of

mind. !he wail of a police siren disturbed my repose."lake v. . to sa5sfy, !uench. ". to reduce the intensity of, moderate, allay.!he deer slaked its thirst at the river.

0oil . n. exhaus5ng labor or effort; difficult or laborious work. ". v. to work laboriously, labor strenuously.4van toiled for hours before solving the problem.

Read the sentences below carefully. $hoose the word from the word list above that best completes thesentence. Write the correct answer in the blank.

. 4ith children to care for, 'rs. @iggins had to toil for many hours just tokeep up with the laundry.

". BuGanne)s boss suspected that she was malinger +ing when she called in sick on'onday morning.

3. 'aude)s (nternet business was so lucrative that she was able to re5re at the age of 5.

. bserving 'alik sleeping in his hammock by the river on a beau5ful summer day, ( envied his repose .5. $oot camp for a J.B. 'arine re!uires arduous training.

6. Bince 'aYhew was the one who wanted the dog, the onus was

on him to walk the dog every morning.

7. *he cashier)s perfunctory comment, #@ave a nice day,% lacked sincerity.

9. $ecause everyone in 0eter)s family was a roletariat , 0eter felt both proud anduni!ue because he was the Srst in his family to go to college.

. *he woman on the corner wearing love beads, a headband, and a jacket with a huge peace symbol on theback is a+n anachronism in the new millennium.

eborah)s great-%grandmotherspends days performing the

archaic act of canning fruits for winter, even though she can buy them in the supermarket.

. *he 'useum of =atural @istory has a broad array of archeological displays from contemporary society to

primeval artefacts from the age of the caveman.


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". *he doctor said that grandpa)s quotidian walks in the woods were a factor in his living to be< years old.

3. >oug was dilatory in cleaning up the sports e!uipment on the Seld so that he would be there

when the cheerleaders came out to prac5ce.

. *he centerpiece of the *hanksgiving dinner table was a beau5ful

cornucopia overRowing with fruits and vegetables.

5. @uman beings and dinosaurs did not exist during the same 5meperiods; therefore, they were

not coeval .

6. 4hen 'aria Snished the marathon, she immediately began to

quaff large amounts of water.

7. 'iriam was !uite a hostess and would regale her dinner party guests

with sumptuous feasts.

9. 'ario is a true epicurean : @e is always shopping in the local gourmet food store,sampling new items and stocking his pantry with ex!uisite foods.

. (n the early


55/63

Word List

!damant adj. . unyielding to re!uests, appeals, or reason. ". Srm, inRexible. !he senator was adamantthat no changes would be made to the defense budget.

!pathe6c adj. feeling or showing a lack of interest, concern, or emo5on; indiff

erent, unresponsive. 'rs.0rownstone was distressed by how apatheFc her eighth grade students were about world history.!sce6c adj. prac5cing self-%denial,not allowing oneself pleasures or luxuries; austere. Some religions re$uiretheir leaders to lead an asceFc lifestyle as an eample to their followers.!udacious adj. fearlessly or recklessly daring or bold; unrestrained by conven5on or propriety. 7etecFve

'alloys methods were considered bold and audacious by his superiors, and they oMen achieved results.$omplaisant adj. tending to comply; obliging, willing to do what pleases others. !o preserve family peaceand harmony, "enny became very complaisant when his in *laws came to visit.&bullient adj. bubbling over with enthusiasm, exuberant. !he ebullient children were waiFng to sFck theirhands into the grab bag and pull out a toy.

-ace6ous adj. humorous and wiYy,cleverly amusing; jocular, spor5ve.'r. 3estons faceFous remarks alwaysmade people laugh.

-lippant adj. not showing proper seriousness; disrespecjul, saucy. %rsulas ?ippant remarks in front of her=ancNs parents were an embarrassment to us all.

#mpassive adj. not showing or feeling emo5on or pain.It was hard to know what she was feeling by looking atthe impassive epression on her face.

#mperious adj. overbearing, bossy, domineering. Stella was relieved with her new job transfer because shewould no longer be under the control of such an imperious boss.#mpetuous adj. . characteriGed by sudden, forceful energy or emo5on; impulsive, unduly hasty and without

thought. ". marked by violent force.It was an impetuous decision to run offto "as o not confuse with meddlesome,meaning inclined to interfere.

/orose adj. gloomy, sullen; melancholy.'y daughter has been morose ever since our dog ran away.

1onchalant adj. indifferent or cool, not showing anxiety or excitement.-ranco tried to be nonchalant, but Icould tell he was nervous.


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fficious adj. meddlesome, bossy; eagerly offering unnecessary or unwanted advice.'y officious Aunt'idge is coming to the party, so be prepared for lots of $uesFons and advice.eremptory adj. . offensively self-%assured,dictatorial. ". commanding, impera5ve, not allowingcontradic5on or refusal. 3. pu:ngan end to debate or ac5on. !he mothers peremptory tone ended thechildrens bickering.Nuerulous adj. complaining, peevish; discontented.es a picky and $uerulous old man, but I sFll lovehim.

"anc6monious adj. hypocri5cally pious or devout; excessively self-%righteous. !he thief s sancFmoniousremark that )a fool and his money are soon parted+ only made the jury more eager to convict him.Jitriolic adj. savagely hostle or bitter;caustic.er vitriolic a5ack on her opponent was so hosFle that itmay cost her the elecFon.

*he following sentences describe a personality type or character trait. Cead each sentencecarefully and then circle the vocabulary word that best describes the person or character trait.

.*o please her boyfriend, harlottechanged the way she dressed to a style that he preferred. h arlotteis

beingc. complaisant.

". &lthough he failed another exam, (van didn)t seem to care. (van is being

b. apathetic.3. #(t)s my way or the highway2% said Feorge. Feorge is beingd. peremptory.

. #'y future mother-%in-%law con5nually gives me sugges5ons on planning my

wedding. Bhe even ordered the Rowers without consul5ng me Srst.% *he mother-%in-%

law is being

a. officious.

5. 4hen working at the scene of an accident, rescue workers onen hide their emo5ons and maintain a

professional countenance. *he rescue workers are being

d i i


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d. impassive.

6. 'istakenly believing his boss was speaking ill of him, &ngelo burst through the door and yelled: #(

!uit2% to his boss. &ngelo was being

c. impetuous.

7. &t the end of his life, the reclusive billionaire lived in a small apartment with a bed and a bible as his only

possessions, even though he could have had almost any luxury. *he billionaire chose

a lifestyle that was

c. ascetic.

9. Busan absolutely insisted that we come along; she wouldn)t take no for an answer. Busan was being

a. adamant

. Caj was

someone who, no

matter how

perfect the day,

would always Snd

something to

complain about.

Caj is very

d. !uerulous.


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mettlesome person.

". *hough the hurricane was approaching, the surfers thought it would be a great5me to go surSng regardless of the risk. *he surfers are being insouciant .

3. 4hen friends came to play, Cachel would only let them play the games she selected; she even dictated whereher friends would sit and what they could eat. Cachel is being imperious .

. &t work, *om boasted that he and his family never missed church on Bunday mornings; he did not mentionthat they always left services without saying hello to any of their friends or neighbors. *om)s boastfulstatements are sanctimonious.

5. @aving already won two awards, the movie director coolly and calmly walked up to the podium tocollect his third award of the evening. *he director)s manner is very nonchalant .

6. hang has been sulking in her room after learning she wasn)t accepted by the college of her choice. Bhe iseven saying that she may not go to college atall. hang is feeling morose .

7. *om shocked the jurors when he stuck his tongue out at the judge during the court proceedings. *om isbeing flippant toward the judge.

9. Ceynaldo was a popular guest at dinner parties because of his ability to turn a phrase and to make funny,witty remarks. Ceynaldo is very facetious.

. *hough she was only an office assistant, &dele marched boldly into the vice president)s office and calmlytold him she would someday be his boss. &dele is being audacious .


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omplete the second sentence of each pair with a phrasal verb so that the meaning of the sentence is thesame as, or very similar to, the Srst sentence. *he phrasal verbs should replace the words and expressionsin bold. hoose your verb from the Srst box, and your par5cle from the second box. Bome of the verbs, andmost of the par5cles, must be used more than once. (n some cases you will need to change the form ofthe verb. &lso remember that some phrasal verbs need more than one par5cle.

Ierbs: break die Sll point

$ring drop fall pull

all end hand put

carry

catch

face

Snd

hold

keep

show

wear

ount leave let

0ar5cles: behind down in of off on

ut through to up with

. an ( rely on you for your support/ an ( count on you for your support/

". (f you continue trying, you are bound to succeed. (f you keep on

b d t dtrying,


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you are bound to succeed.

3. & large number of students leave university before they Fnish their course. & large number of

students drop out university.

. 1ou must obey my instruc5ons carefully. 1ou must carry out my

instructions carefully.

5. ( will let you stay with me if you ever come to xford. ( will put you up if you ever come

to xford.

6. 1ou mustcomplete this formbeforewecan letyou in. 1ou must fill in

this form before we let you in.

7. ( think that learning Anglish is !uite difficult, and ( often have problems working at the same speedas the other students in my class. ( think that learning Anglish is !uite difficult, and ( often have problemskeeping up with the other students in my class.

9. 'y teacher showed me all the mistakes ( had made in my essay. 'y teacher pointed out all the mistakes ( had made in my essay.

. (f you are late with your mortgage repayments, the bank can impose Snancial

penal5es. (f you fall behind with

Snancial penal5es.

your mortgage repayments, the bank can impose


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.

. *he effects of the drug disappear after a few hours. *he effects of the drug

wear off after a few hours.

5. &ndrew and Bteve have argued again. &ndrew and Bteve have

fallen out again.

6. *hey refused to accept and deal with their responsibili5es. *hey refused to

face up to their responsibili5es.

7. *he mee5ng was cancelled because too many people were absent. *he mee5ng was called off

because too many people were absent.

9. ( missed a lot of lessons, and it took me a long some to get to the same level as the other students in myclass. ( missed a lot of lessons, and it took me a long some to catch up to the other students in myclass.

. *he storm was terrible, but eventually the wind became less strong. *he storm was terrible, but

eventually the wind died down .

"


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"". 1ou havenKt completed this form properly. 1ouKve forgotten to include

your date of birth. 1ou havenKt completed this form properly. 1ouKve

left out your date of birth.

"3. *he talks failed because nobody could agree on anything. *he talksbroke out because nobody could agree on anything.

"3. >onKt exhaust yourself by working too hard. >onKt wear

out by working too hard.

yourself

"5. ( invited a lot of people to my party, but only a few came. ( invited a lot of people to my party, but only a

few showed up .

"6. (tKs pointless relying on people to help you if they donIt do as they

promised. (tKs pointless relying on people to help you if they let

down .

you

"7. 4e asked him to be !uiet, but he con6nued talking. 4e asked him to be !uiet, but he carried on talking.

"9. (Km sorry ( was late, but ( was delayedby heavy traffic on the &


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