El subjuntivo
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Transcript of El subjuntivo
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EL SUBJUNTIVOSeñorita Hittie
Español III Pre-AP
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Tense vs. Mood Every verb has a tense and a mood Tense = Time
Past, Present and Future Mood = Feelings
Outside of timeAll about context3 Main Moods
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Mood 1: Indicative Just the facts Like a teacher The regular past,
present, and future we have learned
Christopher Columbus encontró América en
1492
Tenemos tarea esta noche
Vamos a tener un examen el viernes
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Mood 2: Imperative Commands Present Tense Like a parent telling
you what to do Assume that it is
going to happen
¡Haz la tarea!
¡Limpia la casa!
¡No vayas a la fiesta!
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Mood 3: Subjunctive The mood of doubt
and uncertainty Past, present*, or
future Like a bratty little
sisterDoesn’t believe in youTells you what to do
(doesn’t mean you’ll do it!)
Always talking about her hopes and dreams
No creo que vayas a aprobar
el examen
Sugiero que limpies mi
cuartoEspero que
Esteban salga conmigo
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Forming the SubjunctiveThe formation of the subjunctive is exactly the same as the formation of commands!
1. Put the verb in the yo form Ex (Hablar – want tú form): hablo
2. Drop the –o habl-
3. Add the opposite ending hables
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What are the “opposite endings?”AR Verbs ER/IR Verbs
Yo – a Tú – as Él/Ella/Ud. – a Nosotros – amos Ellos/Ellas/Uds – an
Yo – e Tú – es Él/Ella/Ud. – e Nosotros – emos Ellos/Ellas/Uds – en
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Irregulars – From “yo” form
Stem Changers Nosotros
e ie Mentir – mienta, mientas Pensar – piense, pienses
e i Pedir – pida, pidas, pidan
o ue Dormir – duerma, duermas Contar – cuente, cuentes Resolver – resuelva
u ue Jugar – juegue, juegues
AR & ER: Back to normal stem Pensar – pensemos Contar – contemos Resolver – resolvamos
IR: e i Mentir – mintamos Pedir – pidamos o u Dormir - durmamos
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Irregulars – From “yo” form
Yo-Go’s G-J’s
Hacer – haga, hagamos Tener – tenga, tengamos Decir – diga, digas Poner – ponga, pongas Salir – salga, salgamos Traer – traiga, traigamos Caer – caiga, caigamos Venir – venga
GER/GIR verbs Escoger – escoja Fingir – finja, finjamos Proteger – proteja Recoger – recoja
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Irregulars – From “yo” form
“Snow Cones”Z-C’s
GU-G
CER/CIR verbs Conocer – conozca Obedecer – obedezca Ofrecer – ofrezca Vencer – venza
GUIR verbs Seguir – siga, sigamos Conseguir – consiga Extinguir – extinga Distinguir – distinga
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Irregulars – From “yo” form
Added “y” Accented í or ú
UIR Verbs Add “y” in all 5 forms Construir – construya Destruir – destruya Excluir – excluya Huir – huya, huyamos Incluir – incluya
IAR and UAR verbs Accent in all forms except
nosotros Confiar – confíe, confiemos Desconfiar – desconfíe Enviar – envíe, enviemos Esquiar – esquíe, esquiemos Actuar – actúe, actuemos Continuar - continúe
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Irregulars – CAR, GAR, & ZAR Spell Change in all 5 forms to prevent
pronunciation problems CAR: ce que
Practicar: practique, practiques, practique, practiquemos, practiquen
GAR: ge gueJugar: juegue, juegues, juegue, juguemos, jueguen
ZAR: ze ceEmpezar: empiece, empieces, empiece,
empecemos, empiecen
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True Irregulars Dar
dé, des, dé, demos, den Estar
esté, estés, esté, estemos, estén Ir
vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayanUse ir + a + infinitive for the future
Sabersepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepan
Sersea, seas, sea, seamos, sean
Haberhaya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayanUse with past participle for present perfect formation
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What about pronouns? Here’s one place our conjugation differs
from commands. You MUST put your pronouns (reflexive,
reciprocal, direct object, indirect object) BEFORE the conjugated subjunctive verb.
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What does it all mean? English does not have a different conjugation
for the subjunctive mood.voy = I govaya = I go
The difference is subtle, so we have to think about when we need indicative or subjunctive…voy = I go (for sure)vaya = I go (maybe, hopefully, doubtfully, please)
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Context To use the subjunctive, first you have to indicate that
there is a need for it. You need to express that there is doubt, uncertainty,
hope, or a suggestion. We express these things through various expressions
(see vocab), and use the indicative for this conjugation. I definitely doubt, hope for, or am suggesting
After that, we use the subjunctive for what it is that we are doubting, hoping, or suggesting
The word “que” acts as a bridge between the indicative and the subjunctive. It allows for a change of mood and a change in subject.
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Examples