T.J. Henry, El diseño de una bodegaProyectos II, February 2012Tutor: Ir. Pascual Sellés CantosMaster project Architecture, Building and Planning, Eindhoven University of TechnologyUniversidad Politécnica de Valencia

Contents:Preface 2Introduction 4Location: Requena 6Design concepts 8Acknowledgements 18Bibliography 20

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Preface

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This is the report regarding my second master project in the master Architecture, Building and Planning from the Eindhoven University of Technology. This project was done at the Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV) in Valencia, Spain, under supervision of ir. Pascual Sellés Cantos during a semester studying abroad. It was a great experience to follow Spanish design rules and to design in a Spanish environment, as well as seeing various design methods used by my fellow students from many different countries. Therefore my gratitude goes to them who helped and inspired me during my design process resulting in the design of a winery in the outskirts of a city famous for its wine production just outside of Valencia; Requena.

T.J. Henry - Proyectos IIEl diseño de una bodega

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Introduction

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Spain is the third largest producer of wine in the world, and therefore can be called a wine country. Vineyards are to be found all over the country with a concentration of vineyards and wineries in the north of Spain, a wine region called la Rioja, producing wines that are among the best wines of Spain. A winery in Spain is often referred to as a bodega, a term also including a wine cellar or warehouse. Bodegas are such an integral part of Spanish culture and cuisine, that they can also include restaurants, taste & buy areas or even hotel. A bodega - accessible for visitors or not - has to represent the wine it produces. It is here where the architecture shows its face. Wine has its associations with culture, landscape, cuisine, and can be expressed in materiality or use of space. Landscape architecture has its part, making the vineyards part of the bodega experience. The design brief was to design a bodega in the outskirts of Requena, a city just outside of Valencia, famous for its wine production (wine region Utiel-Requena). The client was fictional, making the brief free for interpretation. The focus was on landscape architecture and bringing the concept of wine into the architecture. On the basis of a number of concepts regarding the landscape architecture, the bodega architecture and the combination between the two, the design process had to result in a bodega where it is possible to experience the vineyards as an essential part of the final product, wine. The landscape therefore had to be involved in the bodega design. The main functions of the bodega are pinned down to wine production, wine storage, taste & buy and food & drinks.

NB: In the following of this report, the term bodega will be used, not winery.

T.J. Henry - Proyectos IIEl diseño de una bodega

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The Utiel-Requena wine region is situated in the province of Valencia and covers an area of 41.148 hectares. The region consists of 115 bodegas, which produce 1.5 million liter of wine annually. Requena itself is a city with ca. 21.000 inhabitants.01 The design site is about 3 kilometers southeast from Requena, at the foot of a hill where a little river marks the lowpoints.

Location:Requena

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The given location for the bodega to be consisted of a T-junction of small roads, in between nature consisting of many trees and bare fields for agriculture. A small river flows down the foot of a hill that goes upwards in northeast direction. The determining what the best location for the bodega is, has to deal with these elements, but also with the accessibility of the bodega from outside the area, the connection with the vineyards and the necessary logical flow of grapes into the wine production area. After analyzing the location for possible positions for the bodega as well as new vineyards, the most suitable place for the bodega seemed to be at a plane surface at the foot of the hill, just before and aligned with the river, and just behind a line of trees, seen from the south road. This excluded elevation problems which the hill would cause and made it possible to connect the bodega with the south and main road. The environment is an important part of the total design. For experiencing the vineyards in relation to the bodega, the first goal is to guide the visitor along the vineyards and landscape to the entrance of the bodega. This sequence has to go gradually, from parking your car to being inside. This way, the first association with wine is already made before actually entering the bodega.

T.J. Henry - Proyectos IIEl diseño de una bodega

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Notes:

01. http://www.espavino.com/spain_wine_region/wines_utiel_requena.php

Figures:

01. design site, Requena

02. design site, Requena, Google Maps

03. green areas on site

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The bodega design had to cope with certain environmental issues. The height difference had to be taken into account and the three access roads had to have a clear access path to the bodega. With these, designing a bodega is designing landscape. Therefore, the landscape architecture is integrated in the bodega architecture and the bodega is incorporated in the existing landscape. With various architectural design concepts, the concept of wine is brought into the bodega, and into the landscape.

Designconcepts

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04.

p = 3500 +1

1. entrance visitors P22. view point

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p = -2800 -1

view on south façade

section bb

p = 0 0

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3. storage room11. staff room

12. office13. fermentation14. cased goods15. bottling area

16. grape entrance

3. wine storage4. taste & buy

5. VIP tasting room6. entrance visitors P1

7. lounge/exposition8. cafeteria

9. terrace10. private

11. staff room

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Figures:

04. plan +1, p = 3500, scale 1:1000

05. plan 0, p = 0, scale 1:1000

06. plan -1, p = -3000, scale 1:1000

07. view on south façade, scale 1:1000

08. section bb, scale 1:1000

09. separation/connection grape and visitor entrance

10. sketch: integrating the landscape

11. sketch: access bodega

12. entrances

13. serving & public spaces

14. sequence/transport

15. structure

VolumeFor obtaining a clear organisation of the bodega, there had to be dealt with the two most important elements and sequences for the bodega: the grapes and the visitors. On one side, there is the wine production with the fermentation process, the bottling and the storage. On the other, there is the public visitor area with a lobby, a cafeteria, the taste & buy area and a VIP tasting room. The back of the house where the staff functions supports these two main areas of the bodega. To create a ‘wine experience’ for the visitor, these two areas are connected through the storage spaces. By making these accessible for public, people can walk in between the typical oak wine barrels while tasting the wine coming from these same barrels. Therefore, the storage room can be considered the most important space of the bodega. In the search of a volume connecting the visitor sequence with the grape-to-wine sequence and separating the grape entrance with the visitor entrance, a stretched volume seemed to be the solution. In the middle of this volume the storage spaces can form the connection, being the end of the grape-to-wine sequence as well as a part of the visitor sequence. Being the third element of the bodega design, and clearly the largest, the vineyards and the corresponding landscape had to be an integrated part of the design. By guiding the visitor from the parking to the entrance of the bodega straight through the vineyards, a first association with wine is made before entering the bodega.

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AccessThe design site has three access roads, having the bodega on the T-junction these roads form. Visitors from the north as well as from the south are fluently led to the same entrance on the south façade of the bodega, without making a curve around the building. The grape entrance is on the west façade. Due to the height difference of the location, the access from the two roads on the north side is one level higher than the acces from the south road. For avoiding having two separate visitor entrances, the levels are brought together by means of a stairs leading the visitors coming from the north side to the main entrance on the south façade (fig. 12).

Serving & public spaceThere is a clear division between the more closed serving spaces (office, wine production, staff ) and the open public spaces (fig. 13). The serving spaces are connected to one another and are part of the wine production area and grape-to-wine sequence. The public spaces are opening up to the environment, orientated to the southeast where the stretching vineyards begin. The border in between the bodega interior and the vineyards outside is kept at a minimum by using the entrance design as a graduate transition between outside and inside. A visable connection between the serving and public spaces is the storage space, being part of the serving spaces (wine production) and public spaces (experiencing and tasting wine). The staff parking is located near the grape entrance. The two visitor parkings - one on the north side and one on the south side - are both distanced from the bodega entrance, letting you pass through the typical bodega landscape first.

SequenceAfter parking your car, walking towards the bodega in between trees and vineyards to finally approach the bodega, you slowly move inside, where it is still very open and having a link to nature everywhere. This can be to the patio inside of the bodega volume, or to the terraces just next to the vineyards. In spite of the clear volume, the border between inside and outside is kept at a minimum. Most of the important transport occurs on these borders of the bodega (fig. 14). The focus of the bodega façade is on the entrance design. It had to be an entrance for visitors from the north side as well as for visitors from the south side, avoiding one of the two groups having to make a way around the building. Hereby came the problem of the height difference. With an entrance design which integrates roof, stairs, gallery and entrance it did not only solve this problem, but also provided a graduate sequence from the vineyards outside, to inside.

StructureIn order to obtain a clear organisation between the connected functions, the spaces are designed as simple as possible. The main plan follows a tight grid which clearly defines the most important spaces and at the same time is the construction principle (fig. 15). The wine production area has bigger dimensions than the public area, with an overall height of ca. 6.5 m, to provide space for e.g. the fermentation tanks, each ca. five meters high. The public area has an overall height of ca. 3.4 m, including the wooden construction beams. This provides enough light inside and gives the spaces a more modest dimension.15.

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Materialization / façadeWine has certain associations. The bodega design has to reflect these associations in order to make you feel you are in an environment where it is all about the wine. These associations have to do with cuisine, culture and - more tangible - material. Wine in culture and cuisine is more associated to a certain lifestyle. Wine is fancy, rich, known and famous for the accompanying typical wine glasses with their elegant shape. It is associated with climate and nature; everybody knows wine comes from grapes and thus vineyards which only can be grown in countries with an appropriate climate. The sense of these associations have to come back in the spaces of the bodega. In a more architectural way, these can be recalled by using material matching these associations. Therefore, wood became the main material for the entire bodega. Wood has a natural feeling and in combination with integrating the landscape into the design together with a somewhat luxurious interior, the concept of wine is brought into the bodega. For integrating the landscape in the design, a goal was to keep the building modest, fitting into the landscape. This means a horizontal orientation, matching the vineyards and sheltering in between trees. Height difference can become an advantage in this case, lifting the ground surface up and against the bodega to make it seem the bodega is formed from the ground. This concept also creates a connection between the north and south side of the bodega. As mentioned before, the height difference played its role for the entrance

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Notes:

02. http://www.wsuklai.com/portfolio/studio/winery.html

Figures:

16. sketch: process designing clear spaces

17. sketch: process entrance design /integrating the landscape, south view

18. sketch: entrance impression

19. concept wooden lamels on façades, inspired by Lisa Wong with her winery for Rosewood Estates

20. sketch: process entrance design

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design. The entrance had to be open but could not damage the clear volume. For this, and having a consistent façade, a façade concept is applied on the entrance as well as on the entire façade. Looking to the different main functions and their needs, it was determined whether or not the spaces behind the façade needed much light, privacy or openness. Because of the grid structure the façades could be filled in with great freedom. This way, the façade could be chosen according to the spaces behind them (fig. 19) 02. Wooden lamels fill in the façade surfaces freely, creating a play between light and shadow, together with the shadow falling into the bodega from the trees nearby.

public

staff / office

wine storage

wine production19. 20.

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21. model

22. sketch: barrel space and taste & wine space impression

23. sketch: roof impression

24. technical section bb, scale 1:100

25. technical section aa, scale 1:100

26. vertical section: details 1/2/3/4, scale 1:10

Construction-wise, the bodega is built up from a concrete base with a wooden construction on top. Two main dimensions can be found; the one for the public area (height ca. 3.5m) and the one for the wine production area (height ca. 6.5m). In order to attain the span, dimensions of the beams in the production area are two times the height of the ones in the public area. The structure mentioned before in which these construction elements fit, consists of a grid of 5.5 x 5.5 meters. The construction beams are left in sight in order to emphasize the clear structure and accompanying spaces as well as for showing the wooden construction itself. At the entrance this construction runs through the façade, creating the graduate transition from outside to inside by means of the gallery these construction beams, teak lamels and teak flooring planks form.

section aa

section bb

d1

d3

d2

d4

p = +3500

p = +3500

p = 0

p = 0

p = -3000

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vertical section 1:10

22 mm teak flooring planks50/22 mm pine battens onrubber slabsbitumen layer80 mm EPS insulationvapour barrier18 mm plywood underlayment70/220 mm lam. construction beam70/220 mm lam. construction beam70/22 mm teak boarding44/44 mm pine battenswaterproof membrane80 mm EPS insulation between80 mm steel Z-section70/220 mm lam. construction beam

70/22 mm teak lamella fixed with50/50 mm steel angledouble glazing: 2x 6 mm laminated glass + 8 mm cavity70/120 lam. construction column80 mm concrete screed, polishedvapour barrier200 mm reinforced concrete base50 mm EPS insulation22 mm teak flooring planks50/22 mm pine battens onrubber slabs80 mm precast concrete slab100 mm sandbed of gravel

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Acknowledgements

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The realization of this report has gone through many phases. Starting in Valencia and Requena with analysis, the bodega design was completed there. I expanded the design architecturally and technically in Eindhoven, digging back on the design decisions I had made in Valencia. My gratitude, at first, goes to my fellow project students in Valencia, who made me aware of other design approaches and presentation styles. Also, my gratitude goes to my tutor for this project, ir. Pascual Sellés Cantos, who gave me the freedom in this project to explore new paths, sometimes even under the appropriate enjoyment of a good talk and some suitable wine. For the finalization of this project, my gratitude goes to ir. Tom Veeger, who helped me develop the design some more, changing the design slightly on the technical side.

T.J. Henry - Proyectos IIEl diseño de una bodega

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Bibliography

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Literature:

Detail 10 – 2010 p. 1026

Detail 7/8 – 2011 p. 886-888

Detail 10 – 2006 p. 1098-1099

Centrum Hout, Almere, Houtwijzer: Naaldhout in de bouw© Centrum Hout 2005

Centrum Hout, Almere, Houtwijzer: Gevelbekleding van massief hout© Centrum Hout 2005

Notes:

01. http://www.espavino.com/spain_wine_region/wines_utiel_requena.php

02. http://www.wsuklai.com/portfolio/studio/winery.html

Figures:

01. photo by Zuzanna Tarnowska, November 22, 2011

02. http://maps.google.com/

03. - 26. Thomas Henry, September 2011 - February 2012

Inspired by:

Sabbagh Arquitectos, Chile Pavilion, World Expo Shanghai 2010

Lisa Wong , Winery for Rosewood Estates

Mithun Architects, Novelty Hill Winery

Cover:

Napa Valley, © Herbey Productions

T.J. Henry - Proyectos IIEl diseño de una bodega