ekor.rpg.ci ekor.rpt - Ormazabal · IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016 5 General Instructions...

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ekor.rpg.ci & ekor.rpt.ci

Protection, metering and control units

General Instructions

IG-157-EN, version 04, 31/05/2016

CAUTION!

When medium-voltage equipment is operating, certain components are live, other parts may be in movement and some may reach high temperatures. Therefore, the use of this equipment poses electrical, mechanical and thermal risks.

In order to ensure an acceptable level of protection for people and property, and in compliance with applicable environmental recommendations, Ormazabal designs and manufactures its products according to the principle of integrated safety, based on the following criteria:

• Elimination of hazards wherever possible. • Where elimination of hazards is neither technically nor economically feasible, appropriate protection functions are

incorporated in the equipment. • Communication about remaining risks to facilitate the design of operating procedures which prevent such risks,

training for the personnel in charge of the equipment, and the use of suitable personal protective equipment. • Use of recyclable materials and establishment of procedures for the disposal of equipment and components so

that, once the end of their service lives is reached, they are duly processed in accordance, as far as possible, with the environmental restrictions established by the competent authorities

Consequently, the equipment to which the present manual refers complies with the requirements of section 11.2 of Standard IEC 62271-1. It must therefore only be operated by appropriately qualified and supervised personnel, in accordance with the requirements of standard EN 50110-1 on the safety of electrical installations and standard EN 50110-2 on activities in or near electrical installations. This personnel must be fully familiar with the instructions and warnings contained in this manual and in other recommendations of a more general nature which are applicable to the situation according to current legislation[1].

The above must be carefully observed, as the correct and safe operation of this equipment depends not only on its design but also on general circumstances which are in general beyond the control and responsibility of the manufacturer. More specifically:

• The equipment must be handled and transported appropriately from the factory to the place of installation. • All intermediate storage should occur in conditions which do not alter or damage the characteristics of the equipment

or its essential components. • Service conditions must be compatible with the equipment rating. • The equipment must be operated strictly in accordance with the instructions given in the manual, and the applicable

operating and safety principles must be clearly understood. • Maintenance should be performed properly, taking into account the actual service and environmental conditions in

the place of installation.

The manufacturer declines all liability for any significant indirect damages resulting from violation of the guarantee, under any jurisdiction, including loss of income, stoppages and costs resulting from repair or replacement of parts.

Warranty

The manufacturer guarantees this product against any defect in materials and operation during the contractual period. In the event that defects are detected, the manufacturer may opt either to repair or replace the equipment. Improper handling of this equipment and its repair by the user shall constitute a violation of the warranty.

Registered Trademarks and Copyrights

All registered trademarks cited in this document are the property of their respective owners. The intellectual property of this manual belongs to Ormazabal.

[1]For example, in Spain the “Regulation on technical conditions and guarantees for safety in high-voltage electrical installations” – Royal Decree 337/2014 is obligatory.

In view of the constant evolution in standards and design, the characteristics of the elements contained in this manual are subject to change without prior notice. These characteristics, as well as the availability of components, are subject to confirmation by Ormazabal.

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General Instructionsekor.rpg.ci & ekor.rpt.ci

Contents

Contents

1. General description ...................................................4

1.1. General operating features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51.2. Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61.2.1. Electronic relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61.2.2. Current sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71.2.3. Tripping and bistable trip coil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71.3. Communications and programming software 8

2. Applications ...............................................................9

2.1. Remote controlled transformer and switching substations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

2.2. Automatic reclosing of lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102.3. Line protection with circuit-breaker. . . . . . . . . .102.4. Transformer protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112.5. Automatic transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122.6. Detection of a phase with earthing . . . . . . . . . .122.7. Interlocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132.7.1. Earthing prevention. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132.7.2. Closure blocking with return voltage . . . . . . . .13

3. Protection functions ................................................14

3.1. Overcurrent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143.2. Ultra-sensitive earth device. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

4. Detection, automation and control functions .......18

4.1. Recloser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184.2. Presence / Absence of voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194.3. Switch control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204.4. Remote control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

5. Metering functions ..................................................21

5.1. Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215.2. Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

6. Sensors .....................................................................22

6.1. Current sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226.1.1. Functional features of current sensors . . . . . . .236.1.2. Vector sum/zero-sequence wiring . . . . . . . . . . .246.2. Voltage sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

7. Technical characteristics..........................................26

7.1. Rated values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267.2. Mechanical design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267.3. Insulation tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267.4. Electromagnetic compatibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267.5. Climatic tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277.6. Mechanical tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277.7. Power tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277.8. CE conformity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

8. Protection, metering and control models ..............28

8.1. Description of models vs. functions. . . . . . . . . .288.1.1. ekor.rpg.ci. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .288.1.2. ekor.rpt.ci . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .288.2. Relay configurator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308.3. ekor.rpg.ci units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318.3.1. Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318.3.2. Definition of inputs / outputs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318.3.3. Technical characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .348.3.4. Installation in a cubicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358.3.5. Single-line diagram ekor.rpg.ci . . . . . . . . . . . . . .368.3.6. Installation of toroidal-core current

transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .378.3.7. Checking and maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .388.4. ekor.rpt.ci units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408.4.1. Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408.4.2. Definition of inputs / outputs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408.4.3. Technical characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418.4.4. Installation in a cubicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .458.4.5. Single-line diagram ekor.rpt.ci . . . . . . . . . . . . . .468.4.6. Installation of toroidal-core current

transformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .478.4.7. Checking and maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

9. Settings and managing menus ...............................48

9.1. Keypad and alphanumeric display . . . . . . . . . . .489.2. Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .499.3. Parameter setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .519.3.1. Protection parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .519.3.2. Parameter setting menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .529.4. Trip recognition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .559.5. Error codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .569.6. Recloser codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .569.7. Menu map (quick access). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57

10. Communications ......................................................60

10.1. Physical medium: RS 485 and optical fibre . . .6010.2. MODBUS protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6010.2.1. Read/write functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6110.2.2. PASSWORD-PROTECTED register write . . . . . .6210.2.3. CRC Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6210.2.4. Register map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6310.3. PROCOME protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6710.3.1. Link level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6710.3.2. Application level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69

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General description General Instructionsekor.rpg.ci & ekor.rpt.ci

1. General description

The ekor.rp.ci (ekor.rpg.ci and ekor.rpt.ci) protection, metering and control units bring together an entire family of different equipment, which, depending on the model, may incorporate overcurrent protection functions as well as other functions such as local control, remote control, electrical parameter meter, presence and absence of voltage, automation, recloser, phase unbalance, cumulative breaking current value, etc., which are related to the current and future automation, control and protection of medium voltage electrical installations.

The ekor.rp.ci units are equipped with outputs that enable the switch of the cubicle where the unit is installed to be opened and closed both locally and remotely, as well as with inputs that detect the status of this switch.

Their use in Ormazabal’s cgmcosmos and cgm.3 cubicle systems means specific products can be used for different requirements in the facilities.

The ekor.rp.ci protection, metering and control units have been designed to meet the national and international standard requirements and recommendations that are applied to each part that makes up the unit:

EN 60255, EN 61000, EN 62271-200, EN 60068, EN 60044, IEC 60255, IEC 61000, IEC 62271-200, IEC 60068, IEC 60044

Designed to be integrated in a cubicle, the ekor.rp.ci, units also provide the following advantages over conventional systems:

1. Reduction in handling of interconnections when installing the cubicle. The only necessary connection is reduced to the medium voltage cables.

2. Simplification of the control boxes installed on cubicles.

3. Voltage and current sensors are installed in the cubicle cable bushing.

4. Avoidance of wiring and installation errors; minimisation of commissioning time.

5. All the units are factory installed, adjusted and checked; each piece of equipment (relay + control + sensors) also undergoes a comprehensive check before being installed. The final unit tests are carried out once the unit is incorporated in the cubicle before delivery.

6. They protect a broad power range with the same model (e.g.: ekor.rpg-2002B from 160 kVA up to 15 MVA, in cgmcosmos system cubicles).

Figure 1.1. Protection, metering and control units: ekor.sys family

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General description

1.1. General operating features

All the relays of the ekor.rp.ci units include a microprocessor for processing the signals from the metering sensors. They process voltage and current readings and eliminate the influence of transitory states, calculate the magnitudes required to ensure protection, presence or absence of voltage, automatic operation, etc. At the same time they calculate the efficient values of the electrical readings that report the instantaneous value of these parameters of the facility.

They are equipped with keypad for local display, set-up and operation of the unit, as well as communication ports to handle these functions from a computer, whether locally or remotely. A user-friendly design has been employed, so that the use of the various menus is intuitive.

Current metering is by means of several current sensors with a high transformation ratio, making it possible for the same equipment to detect a wide range of power levels. These transformers or current sensors maintain the accuracy class in all of their rated range. Voltage is detected by capturing the signal via a capacitor divider built into the cubicle bushing.

The local interface uses menus to provide the instantaneous values of the current metering for each phase and zero-sequence current, as well as the setting parameters, tripped unit (whether phase or earth), total number of trips, voltage detection parameters, etc. These can also be accessed through the communication ports.

From a maintenance perspective, the ekor.rp.ci units have a series of features that reduce the time and the possibility of errors in the test and service restoration tasks. Among the main characteristics, the most prominent are the large diameter toroidal-core current transformers installed in the cubicle bushing, their built-in test bars to facilitate its testing and accessible terminal blocks for conducting current injection tests as well as checking the relay inputs and outputs. This configuration enables a comprehensive testing of the unit.

Figure 1.2. ekor.sys family relays

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1.2. Components

The ekor.rp.ci protection, metering and control unit contains the following components: electronic relay, voltage and current sensors, auxiliary circuits (terminal block and wiring), the bistable trigger and the tripping coil.

1 Terminal block

2 ekor.rpg.ci electronic relay

3 Voltage and current sensors

Figure 1.3. Example of installation of an ekor.rpg.ci unit in circuit breaker cubicles

1.2.1. Electronic relay

The electronic relay has keys and a display to set and view the protection, metering and control parameters. The relay includes a seal on the <<SET>> key to ensure that once the settings have been made they cannot be changed unless the seal is broken.

The protection trips are registered on the display with the following parameters: reason for tripping, fault current value, the tripping time and the time and date the event occurred. Unit errors are also permanently displayed.

The "On" LED is activated when the equipment receives power from an external source. In this situation, the unit is operational to perform the protection functions.

The voltage and current analogue signals are conditioned internally by small and very accurate transformers that isolate the electronic circuits from the rest of the installation.

The equipment has two communication ports, one on the front used for local configuration (RS232), and another one on the rear used for remote control (RS485). A second rear F.O. port is available as an option. The standard communication protocols for all models are MODBUS and PROCOME.

1 "On" signalling LED

2 Signalling of reason for tripping

3 Metering and parameter setting display

4 SET key

5 Keyboard for scrolling through screens

6 RS232 front communication port

Figure 1.4. Relay elements

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General description

1.2.2. Current sensors

The current sensors are toroidal-core current transformers with a 300/1 A or 1000/1 A ratio, depending on the models. Their range of action is the same as the switchgear where they are installed. They are factory-installed in the cubicle bushings, which significantly simplifies the on-site assembly and connection. This way, once the medium voltage cables are connected to the cubicle, the installation protection is operational. Installation errors of the sensors, due to earth grids, polarities, etc., are removed upon installation and checked directly at the factory.

The inner diameter of the toroidal-core current transformers is 82 mm, which means they can be used in cables of up to 400 mm2 without any problems for performing maintenance testing afterwards.

All the current sensors have integrated protection against the opening of secondary circuits, which prevents overvoltages. 1 Current sensors

2 Bushing

Figure 1.5. Location of the current sensors

1.2.3. Tripping and bistable trip coil

The bistable trigger is an electromechanical actuator that is integrated into the switch driving mechanism. This trigger acts upon the switch when there is a protection trip. It is characterised by the low actuation power it requires for tripping. This power is delivered in pulses in order to ensure that the switch opens.

The operations ordered by the ekor.rp.ci unit outputs are performed by means of conventional tripping coils. This way, a redundant and therefore more reliable operational system is achieved.

Figure 1.6. Tripping Coil

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1.3. Communications and programming software

All the ekor.rp.ci units have two serial communication ports. The standard RS232 front port is used to set the parameters with the ekor.soft programme[2]. At the rear, there is an RS485 port which is used for remote control. This remote control connection uses twisted pair wiring and, if desired, optical fibre.

The standard communication protocols implemented in all equipment are MODBUS-RTU (binary) transmission mode and PROCOME, although other specific protocols can be implemented depending on the application.

1 ekor.ccp

2 ekor.bus

3 ekor.rci

4 ekor.rci

5 ekor.rpt

6 ekor.rpg

Figure 1.7. Intercommunicated units of the ekor.sys family

[2] For more information about the ekor.soft programme, see Ormazabal's IG-155-EN document.

The ekor.soft set-up programme has four main operating modes:

1. Display: indicates the unit status, including electrical readings, current settings, date and time.

2. User settings: allows the protection or fault detection parameters to be changed.

3. Logs: displays both the parameters of the last and penultimate detected fault and the total number of trips executed by the protection unit or the total number of faults detected by the corresponding integrated control unit.

4. Test mode: allows information to be generated on the unit inputs/outputs, without direct electrical interaction with the switchgear adjoining terminal block, so that it can be sent to the dispatching centre without cutting off the power.

Minimum system requirements for installing and using the ekor.soft software:

1. Processor: Pentium II

2. RAM: 32 Mb

3. Operating system: MS Windows

4. CD-ROM / DVD drive

5. RS-232 serial port

Figure 1.8. ekor.soft screens

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Applications

2. Applications

2.1. Remote controlled transformer and switching substations

The ekor.rp.ci protection, metering and control units make it possible to handle remote control applications of the transformer and switching substations, by implementing the control and monitoring of each switch through the units associated with each functional unit.

1 Power supply

2 Communications

3 Remote control cabinet + ekor.ccp

4 Remote controlled switching substation

Figure 2.1. Remote controlled switching substation

The use of a remote control terminal and ekor.rp.ci units enable the user to visualise and operate each position remotely thanks to the inputs and outputs available for this purpose.

Figure 2.2. Viewing the stations remotely

The remote control applications are rounded off with the built-in ekor.rci control unit associated to the line functions[3].

Units that include this remote controlling function:

Unit Type of cubicle Maximum rated current

ekor.rpt Fuse-combination switch 250 A

ekor.rpg Circuit-breaker 630 A

Table 2.1. ekorunits. rpt and ekor.rpg

[3] See document IG-158 by Ormazabal.

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Applications General Instructionsekor.rpg.ci & ekor.rpt.ci

2.2. Automatic reclosing of lines

The reclosing function performs the automatic reclosing of lines once the protection unit has commanded the trip and the switch has opened.

This is always associated to cubicles with Ormazabal circuit breaker.

The protection units with automatic reclosing have a series of advantages over protections without reclosing:

1. They reduce the time in which electrical power is interrupted.

2. They avoid the need to locally re-establish the service in substations without remote control for temporary faults.

3. They reduce the fault time using a combination of rapid switch trips and automatic reclosings, which results in lesser damage caused by the fault and generates a lesser number of permanent faults derived from temporary faults.

The unit that includes this function is:


ekor.rpg Circuit-breaker 630 A

Table 2.2. Recloser function

2.3. Line protection with circuit-breaker

The purpose of the line protection is to isolate this part of the network in the case of fault, without it affecting the rest of the lines. In a general way, it covers any faults that originate between the substation, transformer substation or switching substation and the consumption points.

The types of fault that occur in these areas of the network depend primarily on the nature of the line, overhead line or cable and the neutral used.

In networks with overhead lines, the majority of faults are temporary, which makes many line reclosings effective; in these cases, the reclosing function associated with circuit-breakers is used.

This is not the case for underground cables where faults are usually permanent.

On the other hand, in the case of phase-to-earth faults in overhead lines, when the ground resistance is very high, the zero-sequence fault currents have a very low value In these cases, an "ultrasensitive" neutral current detection is required.

The underground cables have earth coupling capacities, which causes the single phase faults to include capacitive currents. This phenomenon makes detection difficult in isolated or resonant earthed neutral networks and thus requires the use of the directional function.

Figure 2.3. Feeder protection

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Applications

Line protection is mainly accomplished by the following functions:

1. 50 ≡ Instantaneous phase overcurrent. Protects against short-circuits between phases.

2. 51 ≡ Phase overload. Protects against excessive overloads, which can deteriorate the installation.

3. 50N ≡ Instantaneous earth fault. Protects against phase-to-earth short-circuits.

4. 51N ≡ Earth leakage. Protects against highly resistive faults between phase and earth.

5. 50Ns ≡ Ultra-sensitive earth instantaneous overcurrent. Protects against phase to earth short-circuits of very low value.

6. 51Ns ≡ Ultra-sensitive earth leakage protection. Protects against highly resistive faults between phase and earth of very low value.

7. 79 ≡ Recloser. This enables the automatic reclosing of lines.

The unit which provides the line protection functions is:


ekor.rpg Automatic circuit-breaker

630 A

Table 2.3. Line protection with circuit-breaker

2.4. Transformer protection

The distribution transformers require various protection functions. Their selection depends primarily on the power and level of responsibility they have in the installation. As an example, the protection functions that must be implemented to protect distribution transformers with a power rating between 160 kVA and 2 MVA are the following:

1. 50 ≡ Instantaneous phase overcurrent. Protects against short-circuits between phases in the primary circuit, or high value short-circuit currents between phases on the secondary side. This function is performed by the fuses when the protection cubicle does not include a circuit-breaker.

2. 51 ≡ Phase overload. Protects against excessive overloads, which can deteriorate the transformer, or against short-circuits in several turns of the primary winding.

3. 50N ≡ Instantaneous earth fault. Protects against phase to earth short-circuits or secondary winding short-circuits, from the interconnections and windings in the primary circuit.

4. 51N ≡ Earth leakage. Protects against highly resistive faults from the primary circuit to earth or to the secondary circuit.

5. 49T ≡ Thermometer. Protects against excessive transformer temperature.

The protection units that include the protection functions are:

cgmcosmos system

cgm.3 system

Unit Type of cubicle Power ranges to protect

ekor.rptFuse-

combination switch

50 kVA...2000 kVA 50 kVA...1250 kVA

ekor.rpg Circuit-breaker 50 kVA...15 MVA 50 kVA...25 MVA

See tables of sections 8.3.3 and 8.4.3

Table 2.4. Protection units

Figure 2.4. Transformer and protection cubicle with users

1 Busbars

2 Overcurrent protection

3 Thermometer

Figure 2.5. Transformer protection

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2.5. Automatic transfer

The automatic transfer of lines with circuit-breakers minimises power outages in loads fed by transformer or switching substations with more than one incoming line, thereby improving the continuity of service.

Under normal conditions with voltage present on two possible incoming lines, the switch selected as preferred remains closed and the reserve one is opened. A voltage drop in the preferred line will cause the switch of this line to open and the reserve switch to close afterwards. Once normality has been re-established in the preferred line, the inverse cycle is performed and the system returns to its initial status. Figure 2.6. Automatic transfer

2.6. Detection of a phase with earthing

In networks with isolated or resonant earthed neutral, the fault currents are very low. In the event of a fault in a system of this type, the fault current may not reach the set threshold for overcurrent protection, and therefore this fault may not be detected.

A programmed logic, which analyses both the installation's voltage and its current, is used for detecting this type of fault.

Figure 2.7. Detection of a phase with earthing

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Applications

2.7. Interlocks

2.7.1. Earthing prevention

The earthing prevention interlock does not allow the cubicle earthing switch to close when voltage is detected in the line.

If the voltage presence/absence detection function of the integrated control unit detects voltage, an electromechanical interlock associated to this operation is activated.

Figure 2.8. Earthing prevention

2.7.2. Closure blocking with return voltage

Through this functionality, any closing attempt can be avoided when return voltage is detected in the line output. Additionally, the reclosing attempts can be determined by the presence of voltage in the line.

Figure 2.9. Closure blocking with return voltage

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Protection functions General Instructionsekor.rpg.ci & ekor.rpt.ci

3. Protection functions

3.1. Overcurrent

The units have an overcurrent function for each one of the phases (3 x 50-51) and, depending on the model, they may have another one for earth (50N-51N). The implemented protection curves are the ones listed in standard IEC 60255.

Overcurrent functions that can be performed depending on the model:

1. Overload multicurve protection for phases (51)

2. Protection of phase-to-earth multicurve faults (51N)

3. Short-circuit protection (instantaneous) at a defined time between phases (50)

4. Short-circuit protection (instantaneous) at a defined time between phase and earth (50N)

Meaning of the curve parameters for phase settings:

t(s) ≡ Theoretical tripping time for a fault which evolves with a constant current value

I ≡ Actual current flowing through the phase with the largest amplitude

In ≡ Rated setting current

I> ≡ Withstand overload increment

K ≡ Curve factor

I>> ≡ Short-circuit current factor (instantaneous)

T>> ≡ Short-circuit delay time (instantaneous)

5. Pick-up current value of NI, VI, and EI curves = 1.1 x Inx I>

6. Pick-up current value of DT curve = 1.0 x Inx I>

7. Instantaneous pick-up current value = Inx I> x I>>

In the case of earth settings, the parameters are similar to the phase settings. Each of them is described below:

to(s) ≡ Theoretical tripping time for an earth fault which evolves with a constant current value I0

Io ≡ Actual current flowing to earth

In ≡ Rated phase setting current

Io> ≡ Withstand earth leakage factor with regard to phase

Ko ≡ Curve factor

Io>> ≡ Short-circuit current factor (instantaneous)

To>> ≡ Short-circuit delay time (instantaneous)

8. Pick-up current value of NI, VI, and EI curves = 1.1 x Inx Io>.

9. Pick-up current value of DT curve = 1.0 x Inx Io>

10. Instantaneous pick-up current value = Inx Io> x Io>>

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Protection functions

Phase time delay:

0,14* K= 0,02

−1

In* I >I

t(s)

Earth time delay:

0,14* K0= 0,02

−1

In* I0 >I0

t0(s)

Figure 3.1. Normally inverse curve

Phase time delay:

13,5* K= 1

−1

In* I >I

t(s)

Earth time delay:

13,5* K0= 1

−1

In* I0 >I0

t0(s)

Figure 3.2. Very inverse curve

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Phase time delay:

80 * K= 2

−1

In* I >I

t(s)

Earth time delay:

80 * K0= 2

−1

In* I0 >I0

t0(s)

Figure 3.3. Extremely inverse curve

Phase time delay:

t(s) = 5 * K

Earth time delay:

t0(s) = 5 * K0

Figure 3.4. Defined time curve

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Protection functions

3.2. Ultra-sensitive earth device

This protection corresponds to a particular type of overcurrent protections. It is primarily used in networks with isolated or resonant earthed neutral, where the phase-to-earth fault current value depends on the system cable capacity value and on the point in which the fault occurs. Generally, in Medium Voltage private installations with short cable stretches, simply determine a minimum zero-sequence current threshold at which the protection must trip.

The ultra-sensitive protection is also used in highly resistive soils, since the earth fault values are very low.

The current flowing to earth is detected using a toroidal-core current transformer which covers the three phases. In this way, the metering is independent from the phase current, thus avoiding errors in the phase metering transformers. In general, this type of protection must be used when the set earth current is less than 10% of the rated phase current (e.g.: for a rated phase current of 400 A with earth faults below 40 A).

On the other hand, in the lines, whose cable stretches are usually long, it is necessary to identify the fault direction. Otherwise, trips can occur due to capacitive currents from other lines, when there is not any fault in the line.

The available curves are: normally inverse (NI), very inverse (VI), extremely inverse (EI) and defined time (DT).

The setting parameters are the same as in the earth faults of the overcurrent functions (section “3.1. Overcurrent”), with the exception that factor Io> is replaced with the value directly in amps Ig. This way, this parameter can be set to very low earth current values, regardless of the phase setting current.

1. Pick-up current value of NI, VI, and EI curves = 1.1x Ig

2. Pick-up current value of DT curve = Ig

3. Instantaneous pick-up current value = Igx Io >>


2 0-sequence toroidal transformer

Figure 3.5. Sensors

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4. Detection, automation and control functions

4.1. Recloser

The reclosing function is implemented in the ekor.rpg.ci units, which are used in circuit-breaker protection cubicles. This allows the automatic reclosing of lines once any protection units has sent the trip command and the switch has opened.

This function is primarily used in overhead lines, where a great number of faults are usually temporary (electrical arcs due to the proximity between two conductors caused by the wind, tree falling on lines, etc.). Temporary faults can be cleared by momentarily de-energising the line. Once enough time has elapsed to deionise the air, there is a very high probability that the fault will not re-occur when power is re-established.

The recloser installed in the ekor.rpg.ci protection, metering and control unit is three-pole type recloser with simultaneous reclosing for all three phases. The recloser can execute up to four reclosing attempts and, for each of them, it is possible to define a different "reclosing time", T1R to T4R.

The reclosing cycle starts when the recloser is activated and a protection trip occurs. Under these conditions, the relay waits for the first reclosing time and sends a command signal for the switch to close.

When the switch closes, the blocking time delay starts counting. The reclosing is considered successful if, once the blocking time delay has elapsed, the fault disappears after the switch closes. Any trip that occurs afterwards is considered to be caused by a new fault and the first reclosing time delay restarts.

If after the first switch closing, a new trip occurs before the blocking time delay has elapsed, it is considered to be caused by the same fault. The function thus starts the time delay of the second reclosing.

The logic explained in the paragraph above will continue to be applied until the number of configured reclosings is exhausted. This means that the fault is permanent and it will change to the final trip condition.

Setting parameters of the reclosing function:

1. “79_h”: reclosing function enabled or disabled.

2. "Reclosing time", T1R to T4R: time elapsed from the protection trip until the command to reclose is sent. For each one of the reclosing commands, from the first to the fourth, it enables a different time delay to be defined, T1R to T4R. If any of the reclosing times is equal to zero, the recloser will recognise that neither this reclosing cycle nor any other reclosing cycle afterwards is available, even though the next time delay is configured.

For example, a recloser with time delays configured at T1R = 0.3, T2R = 15, T3R = 0 and T4R = 210, will execute two reclosing attempts; one at 300 ms and the other at 15 s.

3. The "blocking time" (Tb) parameter defines the time elapsed from when the recloser sends the closing command until it is ready to start a new cycle. If a trip occurs during this time, the next reclosing process starts. If the maximum number of reclosings is reached, the recloser sequence ends (final trip).

4. The "blocking time after manual closing" (Tbm) parameter is defined as the time that elapses until the recloser changes to the standby condition after a manual closing operation, whether local or remote. If a trip occurs during this time period, the recloser will signal final trip due to manual closing against short-circuit.

5. “Protection unit to be reclosed”: In the reclosing function, it is possible to configure in which protection units a reclosing cycle should start and which units do not cause an automatic reclosing of the line.

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Detection, automation and control functions

The setting parameters are listed in the following table:

Settings Variable RangeActivate / De-activate the reclosing function 79_h ON/OFF

1st reclosing delay T1R0= no reclosings

0.1 to 999.9 s (steps of 0.1)

2nd reclosing delay T2R0= end of reclosings

15.0 to 999.9 s (steps of 0.1)

3rd reclosing delay T3R0= end of reclosings

60.0 to 999.9 s (steps of 0.1)

4th reclosing delay T4R0= end of reclosings

180.0 to 999.9 s (steps of 0.1)Blocking time Tb 0.1 to 999.9 s (steps of 0.1)Manual lockout blocking time Tbm 0.1 to 999.9 s (steps of 0.1)

Protection unit to be reclosed

R50 Reclosing by unit 50: ON/OFFR51 Reclosing by unit 51: ON/OFF

R50N Reclosing by unit 50N: ON/OFFR51N Reclosing by unit 51N: ON/OFF

Table 4.1. Recloser

4.2. Presence / Absence of voltage

This function enables the presence or absence of voltage to be detected in those lines where the ekor.rp.ci units are installed. The metering is carried out by using the capacitive coupling of the cubicle bushings. Thus, conventional voltage transformer systems are not required. Furthermore, it has the advantage of detecting voltage in the line itself without using LV from auxiliary services, which could cause errors in the display.

The ekor.rp.ci units individually detect the presence or absence of voltage in each of the line phases. For this purpose, there are three input signals, one per phase.

The ekor.rp.ci units detect the presence of voltage in each of the phases, when the metered voltage exceeds 70% of the voltage defined as "line voltage (Ur)", for longer than the value set as "voltage time delay (TU)”. Likewise, the unit detects the absence of voltage when the voltage drops below 70% of the line voltage for more than TU seconds. The "line voltage" parameter is the rated phase-to-phase operating voltage of the MV line.1. Ur: Line voltage. From 3 kV to 36 kV in steps of 0.1 kV.

2. TU: Voltage time delay. From 0.05 s to 0.1 s in steps of 0.01 s. From 0.1 s to 2.5 s in steps of 0.1 s.

Figure 4.1. Detection of voltage presence

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4.3. Switch control

The ekor.rp.ci units are equipped with inputs and outputs to operate the switch of the cubicle where it is installed, and monitoring functions that detect the current status of the primary circuit. The unit ensures that the switch operation is performed within the time allowed by the switchgear. In the event of a switchgear failure, the power supply to the driving mechanism is cut off. This prevents a switchgear failure from causing a total loss of control over the entire substation. The ekor.rp.ci protection, metering and control units also display the earthing switch position. Moreover, the unit can monitor the tripping and closing circuit.

The switch can be controlled locally from the ekor.rp.ci keypad, through a PC with ekor.soft connected to the front port of the unit, or by remote control through a communication bus.

1 Control terminal block

Figure 4.2. Switch control

4.4. Remote control

The ekor.rp.ci units have two serial communication ports, of which one of them is used for remote control following the RS-485 standard. This can be connected on the same bus with a maximum of 32 pieces of equipment. The RS485 port has a connection for twisted-pair wiring and for optical fibre as an option. The remote control terminal of the transformer or switching substation sends the coded frames for each ekor.rp.ci unit. The only connection between each cubicle and the remote control terminal is the communication bus (whether via optical fibre or twisted pair). The communication between the communications terminal and the dispatching centre depends on the protocol used.

Some of the functions available through remote control:

1. Display of switch status

2. Display of earthing switch position

3. Switch operation

4. Switch failure monitoring

5. Coil monitoring

6. Phase and zero sequence current metering I1, I2, I3 and I0

7. Display of voltage presence / absence in each phase L1, L2 and L3

8. Display and setting of protection and voltage detection parameters.

9. Log of faults

10. Time synchronisation

11. Error indications

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Metering functions

5. Metering functions

5.1. Current

The current values measured by the ekor.rp.ci units correspond to the efficient values of each of the phases I1, I2 and I3. 8 samples from a half-period are used and the mean of 5 consecutive values is calculated. This reading is updated every second. It offers class 1 meter accuracy, from 5 A up to 120% of the current sensor’s maximum rated range. Zero-sequence current metering is carried out in the same way as the phase currents.

1. Current meters: I1, I2, I3 and Io

Figure 5.1. Metering functions

5.2. Voltage

As for the voltage metering, the ekor.rp.ci units indicate the presence or absence of voltage in lines where they are installed, in an individualised way for each of the line phases.

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Sensors General Instructionsekor.rpg.ci & ekor.rpt.ci

6. Sensors

6.1. Current sensors

The electronic current transformers are designed for optimal adaptation to digital equipment technology, with a slight modification of the secondary interface. Therefore, the protection, metering and control equipment for these sensors operate with the same algorithms and with the same consistency as conventional devices.

The low power outputs from the sensors can be adapted to standard values using external amplifiers. In this way, it is possible to use conventional equipment or electronic relays.

Main advantages derived from the use of sensor based systems:

1. Small volume. The decreased power consumption of these transformers enables drastic reduction of their volume.

2. Improved accuracy. Signal acquisition is much more accurate due to high transformation ratios.

3. Wide range. It is not necessary to replace the sensors with others with higher ratios when the power of the facility is increased.

4. Greater safety. Open-air live parts are eliminated to enhance personnel safety.

5. Greater reliability. Comprehensive insulation of the entire facility provides greater levels of protection against external agents.

6. Easy maintenance. It is not necessary to disconnect the sensors when the cable or cubicle is being tested.

Figure 6.1. Current sensor

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Sensors

6.1.1. Functional features of current sensors

The current sensors are toroidal-core current transformers with a high transformation ratio and low rated burden.

These sensors are encapsulated in self-extinguishing polyurethane resin.

Phase toroidal core current transformers

Range 5-100 A Range: 15-630 ARatio 300/1 A 1000/1 A

Metering range for Cl 0.5 3-390 A Extd. 130% 5-1300 A Extd. 130%

Accuracy at 3 A: 0.4% in amplitude and 85 min in phase at 5 A: 0.35% in amplitude and 25 min in phase

Protection 5P20 5P20

Metering Class 0.5 Class 0.5

Burden 0.18 VA 0.2 VA

Thermal current 31.5 kA – 3 s 31.5 kA – 3 s

Dynamic current 2.5Ith (80 kA) 2.5Ith (80 kA)

Saturation current 7800 A 26 000 A

Frequency 50-60 Hz 50-60 Hz

Isolation 0.72 / 3 kV 0.72 / 3 kV

Exterior diameter 139 mm 139 mm

Inner diameter 82 mm 82 mm

Height 38 mm 38 mm

Weight 1.350 kg 1.650 kg

Polarity S1 – blue, S2 – brown S1 – blue, S2 – brown

Encapsulation Self-extinguishing polyurethane Self-extinguishing polyurethane

Thermal class B (130 °C) B (130 °C)

Reference standard IEC 60044-1 IEC 60044-1

Table 6.1. Current sensors

Figure 6.2. Phase toroidal transformer

Figure 6.3. 0-sequence toroidal transformer

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6.1.2. Vector sum/zero-sequence wiring

The wiring of the aforesaid transformers is performed in two different ways, depending on whether they are fitted with a zero-sequence toroidal current transformer or not. As a general rule the zero-sequence toroidal transformer is used when the earth fault current is a below 10% of the rated phase current.

Figure 6.4. Detection of earth current by vector sum Figure 6.5. Detection of earth current by zero-sequence toroidal transformer

Zero-Sequence Toroidal Current Transformers

Range 5-100 A Range: 15-630 ARatio 300/1 A 1000/1 A

Metering range 0.5 A to 50 A Extd. 130% 0.5 A to 50 A Extd. 130%

Protection 5P10 5P10

Metering Class 3 Class 3

Burden 0.2 VA 0.2 VA

Thermal current 31.5 kA – 3 s 31.5 kA – 3 s

Dynamic current 2.5Ith (80 kA) 2.5Ith (80 kA)

Saturation current 780 A 780 A

Frequency 50-60 Hz 50-60 Hz

Isolation 0.72 / 3 kV 0.72 / 3 kV

Exterior dimensions 330 x 105 mm 330 x 105 mm

Inner dimensions 272 x 50 mm 272 x 50 mm

Height 41 mm 41 mm

Weight 0.98 kg 0.98 kg

Polarity S1 – blue, S2 – brown S1 – blue, S2 – brown

Encapsulation Self-extinguishing polyurethane Self-extinguishing polyurethane

Thermal class B (130 °C) B (130 °C)

Reference standard IEC 60044-1 IEC 60044-1

Table 6.2. Zero-sequence current sensors

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Sensors

6.2. Voltage sensors

The cubicle voltage is detected using a capacitor divider incorporated in the cubicle’s bushings.

Figure 6.6. Voltage detection

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7. Technical characteristics

7.1. Rated values

Power supply AC 24 Vac...120 Vac ±20 % 5 VADC 24 Vdc...120 Vdc ±30 % 2.5 W

Current inputs Primary phase 5 A...630 A (depending on model)Earth 0.5 A...50 A (depending on model)I thermal/dynamic 20 kA/50 kAImpedance 0.1 Ω

Accuracy Time delay 5% (minimum 20 ms)Metering / Protection Class 1 / 5P20

Frequency 50 Hz; 60 Hz ±1 %

Output contacts Voltage 270 Vac

Current 5 A (AC)Switching power 750 VA (resistive load)

Temperature Operation -40 °C...+60 °CStorage -40 °C...+70 °C

Communications Front port DB9 RS232Rear port RS485 (5 kV) – RJ45

RS485-Optical FibreProtocol MODBUS (RTU)/ PROCOME

Table 7.1. Rated values

7.2. Mechanical design

IP rating Terminals IP2XIn cubicle IP3X

Dimensions (h x w x d) 146x47x165 mm

Weight 0.3 kg

Wiring Cable/Termination 0.5...2.5 m2

Table 7.2. Mechanical design

7.3. Insulation tests

IEC 60255-5 Insulation resistance 500 Vdc: >10 GΩDielectric strength 2 kVac; 50 Hz; 1 minVoltage pulses: Standard 5 kV; 1.2/50 µs; 0.5 J

Differential 1 kV; 1.2/50 µs; 0.5 J

Table 7.3. Insulation tests

7.4. Electromagnetic compatibility

IEC 60255-11 Voltage dips 100 msRipple 12%

IEC 60255-22-1 Damped wave 1 MHz 2.5 kV; 1 kV

IEC 60255-22-2 Electrostatic discharges 8 kV air(IEC 61000-4-2, class III) 6 kV contact

Continues on the next page

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Technical characteristics

Continuation

IEC 60255-22-4 Bursts - fast transients(IEC 61000-4-4)

± 4 kV

IEC 60255-22-5 Overvoltage pulses(IEC 61000-4-5)

2 kV; 1 kV

IEC 60255-22-6 Induced radio frequencysignals (IEC 61000-4-6)

150 kHz...80 MHz

IEC 61000-4-8 Magnetic fields 100 A/m; 50 Hz constant1000 A/m; 50 Hz, 2 s

IEC 61000-4-12 Sinusoidal damped wave 2.5 kV; 1 kV

IEC 60255-25 Radiated emissions(EN61000-6-4)

30 MHz...1 GHz

Conducted emissions 150 kHz...30 MHz

Table 7.4. Electromagnetic compatibility

7.5. Climatic tests

IEC 60068-2-1 Slow changes. Cold -40 °C; 960 min

IEC 60068-2-2 Slow changes. Heat +60 °C; 960 min+70 °C; 960 min

IEC 60068-2-78 Damp heat, continuous test +40 °C; 93%; 5760 min

IEC 60068-2-30 Damp heat cycles +40 °C, 2 cycles

Table 7.5. Climatic tests

7.6. Mechanical tests

IEC 60255-21-1 Sinusoidal vibration. Response 10-150 Hz; 1 gSinusoidal vibration. Endurance 10-150 Hz; 2 g

IEC 60255-21-2 Shock. Response 11 ms; 5 gShock. Endurance 11 ms; 15 gShock. Endurance 16 ms; 10 g

Table 7.6. Mechanical tests

7.7. Power tests

IEC 60265 No-load cable making and breaking 24 kV/50 A/cosφ = 0.1

IEC 60265 Mainly active load making and breaking 24 kV/630 A/cosφ = 0.7

IEC 60265 Earth faults 24 kV/200 A/50 ANo-load transformer making and breaking 13.2 kV /250 A/1250 kVA

IEC 60056 Short-circuit making and breaking 20 kA/1 s

Table 7.7. Power tests

7.8. CE conformity

This product complies with the European Union directive 2014/30/EU on electromagnetic compatibility, and with the IEC 60255 international regulations. The unit has been designed and manufactured for use in industrial areas, in accordance with EMC standards. This conformity is a result of the test carried out in accordance with article 7 of the Directive.

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8. Protection, metering and control models

8.1. Description of models vs. functions

8.1.1. ekor.rpg.ci

Distribution general protection unit installed in circuit-breaker cubicles. It has the following functions: overcurrent protection, recloser, etc.The main applications are: general protection of lines, private installations, transformers, capacitor stacks, etc. The unit has inputs and outputs for switch monitoring and control.

They can protect a power range from 50 kVA up to 400 kVA (630 kVA for cgm.3 system cubicles), when they include toroidal-core current transformers from 5 A to 100 A. With 15 A to 630 A toroidal-core current transformers, they offer a power range between 160 kVA and 15 MVA (25 MVA for cgm.3 system cubicles).

Figure 8.1. ekor.rpg.ci

8.1.2. ekor.rpt.ci

Distribution transformer protection unit installed in fuse-combination switch cubicles. The electronic unit performs all the protection functions except for the high value polyphase short-circuits that occur in the transformer’s primary. It has inputs and outputs for switch monitoring and control.

The unit can protect a power range from 50 kVA up to 2000 kVA in cgmcosmos system cubicles and from 50 kVA up to 1250 kVA in cgm.3 system cubicles.

Figure 8.2. ekor.rpt.ci

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Protection, metering and control models

ekor.rp.ci protection, metering and control units.

ekor.rpt.ci ekor.rpg.ciGeneralPhase current sensors 3 3Earth (zero-sequence) current sensor Op OpVoltage sensors 3 3Time synchronisation Yes YesPower supply 24 Vdc...125 Vdc/24 Vac...110 Vac Yes YesSelf-powered No No

ProtectionPhase overcurrent (50-51) Yes YesEarth leakage overcurrent (50N-51N) Op OpUltra-sensitive earth leakage (50 Ns-51 Ns) Op Op

VoltageDetection of voltage presence / absence Yes Yes

Detection, automation and control5 inputs / 7 outputs* Op Op10 inputs / 4 outputs* Op OpRecloser No Yes

CommunicationsMODBUS-RTU Yes YesPROCOME Yes YesRS-232 configuration port Yes YesRS-485 port for remote control via twisted pair Yes YesRS-485 port for remote control via optical fibre Op Opekor.soft set-up and monitoring programme Op Op

IndicationsTripping cause indication Yes YesError indication Yes Yes

TestTest blocks for current injection No Yes

MeteringCurrent Yes YesPresence / Absence of voltage Yes Yes

* Both options are not cumulative. The availability of one or the other depends on the model.Op-optional

Table 8.1. ekor.rp.ci protection, metering and control units.

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8.2. Relay configurator

The following configurator will be used to select the ekor.rp.ci unit in accordance with the installation characteristics:

ekor.rp – B

Type:

g – For protection cubicle with circuit-breakerT – For protection cubicle with fuses

Protection functions:

10 – Three phases (3 x 50/51)(1)

20 – Three phases and neutral (3 x 50/51 + 50 N/51 N)(1)

30 – Three phases and sensitive neutral (3 x 50/51 + 50 Ns/51 Ns)(1)

Inputs / Outputs

0 .- 5 inputs / 7 outputs1 – 5 inputs / 7 outputs, with coil monitoring2 .- 10 inputs / 4 outputs

Toroidal-core current transformers:

0 – Without toroidals 1 – Range 5-100 A2 – Range 15-630 A

Power supply:

B – Auxiliary power supply (Battery, UPS, etc.)

(1) (+79) in the case of relays ekor.rpg.ci for circuit-breaker cubicles.

Example: In the case of a relay for a protection cubicle with circuit-breaker, with functions 3 x 50/51 + 50Ns/51Ns and toroidal transformers with a range of 5-100 A and 5 inputs / 7 outputs, the corresponding configurator would be ekor.rpg-3001B

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8.3. ekor.rpg.ci units

8.3.1. Functional description

The ekor.rpg.ci unit focuses on general protection of the lines, private installations, transformers, etc. It is installed in circuit-breaker cubicles, meaning all protection functions are performed by the electronic unit.

When an overcurrent within the relay operational value range is detected, the relay acts upon a low power bistable trigger that opens the circuit-breaker.

1 Terminal block

2 ekor.rpg.ci electronic relay


Figure 8.3. Example of installation of an ekor.rpg.ci unit in circuit breaker cubicles

8.3.2. Definition of inputs / outputs

The ekor.rpg.ci protection, metering and control units incorporate a series of physical inputs and outputs that are isolated from the rest of independent circuits.

Signals available for the five inputs and seven outputs model:

Physical inputs Physical outputsE1 External trip S1 Trip indication

E2 Switch closed S2 Watchdog

E3 Reclos. status (With a rising edge switching between the reclos. status ON/OFF)

S3 Phase trip (50/51)

E4 General purpose S4 Earth trip (50N/51 N)

E5 General purpose S5 Switch error

S6 Opening sequence

S7 Closing sequence

Table 8.2. Five inputs and seven outputs model

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Signals available for the five inputs and seven outputs with coil monitoring model:

Physical inputs Physical outputsE1 Reclos. status (With a rising edge switching between the reclos.

status ON/OFF)S1 Trip indication

E2 Switch closed S2 Watchdog (WD)

E3 Monitor. Coil. Close open S3 Recloser final trip

E4 Monitor. Coil. Close closed S4 Recloser disabled

E5 Monitor. Coil. Opening S5 Switch error

S6 Opening sequence

S7 Closing sequence

Table 8.3. Five inputs and seven outputs model with coil monitoring

Signals available for the ten inputs and four outputs models:



E3 Switch open S3 Opening sequence

E4 Disconnector in busbar position S4 Closing sequence

E5 Disconnector in open position

E6 Switch in earthing position

E7 Springs loaded

E8 Anti-pumping relay

E9* Monitoring of the closing coil (in the open and closed positions)

E10* Monitoring of the opening coil (in the open and closed positions)

* where, E9 and E10 must be associated with the monitoring of the opening and closing coils.

Table 8.4. Ten inputs and four outputs models

The specific functions of the inputs and outputs depend on the installation and can be different to that shown in the tables above. Please see the installation diagrams to check the specific functions of these inputs and outputs.

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The diagram below shows the relay inputs and outputs, signals that can be accessed from the ekor.rpg.ci terminal block, for models with 5 inputs and 7 outputs and for models with 10 inputs and 4 outputs.

Figure 8.4. ekor.rp.ci relay inputs and outputs diagram 5 inputs and 7 outputs

Figure 8.5. ekor.rpg.ci relay inputs and outputs diagram 10 inputs and 4 outputs

The remote inputs and outputs, settings, parameters, readings, etc., are only accessible by communications protocol.

1 ekor.bus

2 Switch status. Earthing. Recloser status

3 Trip signal. Open the switch. Close the switch. Error (WD)...

4 Open. Close. Trip signal...

5 Parameters. Settings

6 Switch status. Recloser status. Voltage. Current...

Figure 8.6. Communications protocol

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8.3.3. Technical characteristics

The ekor.rpg.ci protection unit is used to protect the following power ratings:

Line voltage[kV]

ekor.rpg with toroidals 5-100 A ekor.rpg with toroidals 15-630 A

Min. P.[kVA] [kVA]

Max. P. [kVA]

6.6 50 160 5000

10 100 200 750012 100 315 10 000

13.2 100 315 10 00015 100 315 12 00020 160 400 15 000

25(1) 200 630 20 00030(1) 250 630 25 000

(1) For cgm.3system cubicles.

Table 8.5. Powers to protect

The process to select the ekor.rpg.ci unit protection parameters in protection cubicles with circuit breaker by Ormazabal is as follows:

1. Determine the system power to be protected and select the ekor.rpg.ci model in accordance with the table above.

2. Calculate the rated current In= S/√3 x Un.

3. Define the continuous overload level I>. Normal values in transformers of up to 2000 kVA are 20% for distribution installations and 5% for power generation installations.

4. Select the transitory overload curve. Coordination between relay curves and LV fuses is performed with the EI type curve.

5. Define the delay in transient overload K. This parameter is defined by the transformer's thermal constant. This way, the greater the constant, the longer it takes for the transformer’s temperature to increase under an overload condition; and therefore, the protection trip can be delayed longer. The normal value for distribution transformers is K = 0.2, which means that it trips in 2 s if the overload is 300% in the EI curve.

6. Short-circuit level I>>. The maximum value of the transformer’s magnetisation current must be determined. The current peak produced when a no-load transformer is connected, due to the effect of a magnetised nucleus, is several times greater than the rated current. This peak value, up to 12 times the rated value (10 times for more than 1000 kVA) has a very high harmonic content, so its fundamental 50 Hz component is much less. Therefore, a usual setting value for this parameter is between 7 and 10. This value may be lower in the case of general protections for several machines.

7. Instantaneous time delay T>>. This value corresponds with the protection trip time in the event a short-circuit occurring. It depends on the coordination with other protections and the normal values are between 0.1 and 0.5 s.

In the case of a general protection for two transformers, 1000 kVA each:S = 2000 kVA, Un=15 kV

The steps to follow for proper setting of the protection relay are the following:

1. Rated current. In = S/√3xUn = 2000 kVA/√3 x 15 kV @ 77 A

2. Continuous withstand overload 20%. In x I> = 77 A x 1.2 @ 92 A

3. Extremely Inverse Curve type. E.I.

4. Transitory overload factor. K = 0.2

5. Short-circuit level. In x I> x I>> = 77 A x 1.2 x 10 @ 924 A

6. Instantaneous time delay T>> = 0.1 s

The earth unit setting depends on the characteristics of the network where the equipment is installed. In general, the earth fault values are high enough to be detected as overcurrent. In the isolated or resonant earthed neutral networks, when the fault value is very low, in other words, when the earth protection is set to a value below 10% of the rated phase current, it is recommended that an ultrasensitive earth protection be used.

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The values of the setting parameters must guarantee selectivity with the main switch protections. Given the variety of protection criteria and types of neutral used in the networks, a single parameterisation does not exist; each case requires a specific parameterisation. In general,

for machines up to 2000 kVA, the settings below are given as a general example. It must be ensured that they properly apply to the protections upstream (general, line or main switch protections, among others.)

Phase Setting

Rated current Curve Instantaneous I> K I>> T>>In=S/√3xUn = 77 A EI DT 1.2 0.2 10 0.1

Table 8.6. Phase adjustment parameters

Earth Setting

Type of neutral Curve Instantaneous Io> Ko Io>> To>>Solid or impedant NI DT 0.2 0.2 5 0.1

Isolated or resonant NI DT 0.1/Ig = 2 A* 0.2 5 0.2

* When a zero-sequence toroidal transformer is used.

Table 8.7. Earth adjustment parameters

8.3.4. Installation in a cubicle

The main components of the ekor.rpg.ci units are the electronic relay, voltage and current sensors, the bistable trigger, the tripping coil and the terminal block.

The electronic relay is fastened to the cubicle control panel. The front of the equipment, which contains the components of the user interface, display, keys, communication ports, etc., is accessible from the outside without the need to remove the mechanism enclosure. The rear contains both the X1 and X2 connectors (refer to section8.3.5), as well

as the wiring that connects it to the voltage and current sensors and to the terminal block. The signals that are operational for the user are located on a terminal block that can be short-circuited and accessed from the upper part of the cubicle. This enables use of conventional current injection equipment to test the protection relays.

The role of the shortable terminal block for connecting the user is described below.

Terminals Designation Functionality Normal use

I1, I3, I5, I7, I9, I11 IP1, IP2, IP3, etc.Secondary current circuit shortable and

disconnectable terminals.Current injection for relay tests through the

secondary circuit.

Table 8.8. Shortable terminal block function

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8.3.5. Single-line diagram ekor.rpg.ci

The single-line diagram shows the electrical connections between the various parts of the ekor.rpg.ci. protection, metering and control units.

Figure 8.7. Single-line diagram

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Figure 8.8. ekor.rpg.ci front and rear view

1 ekor.rpg.ci relay configuration interconnection

2 DB-9 Male (relay)

3 DB-9 Female (PC)

4 RS485 communications connection

Figure 8.9. Front and back connections diagram ekor.rpg.ci

8.3.6. Installation of toroidal-core current transformers

In cubicles with circuit breaker, the current transformers are installed in the cubicle's bushing. There are therefore no problems with connection errors in the earthing grid. Additionally, these toroidal-core current transformers are equipped with a test connection for maintenance operations.

The terminals that can be used with the toroidal-core current transformers mounted in the bushings are as follows:

Manufacturer Rated current [A]

12 kV Type of

connector

12 kV cross-section [mm2]

24 kV Type of

connector


36 kV Type of

connector


EUROMOLD 400 400TE 70-300 K-400TE 25-300 - -630 400LB 50-300 K-400LB 50-300 - -630 400TB 70-300 K-400TB 35-300 M-400TB 25-240630 440TB 185-630 K-440TB 185-630 M-440TB 185-630

Table 8.9. Terminals

For other types of terminals[4] , the toroidal-core current transformers must be loosened and installed directly on the cables, in accordance with the instructions listed in section 8.4.6.

[4] Check with Ormazabal's Technical - Sales Department.

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8.3.7. Checking and maintenance

The ekor.rpg.ci- protection, metering and control unit is designed to perform the operating checks necessary for both commissioning and regular maintenance checks. Several levels of checks are available depending on the possibility of interrupting service and accessing the MV cubicle cable compartment.

1. Check through the primary circuit: In this case the tests are performed on the equipment when it is completely shut down, since it involves actuating the circuit-breaker and earthing the outgoing cables from the cubicle. When current is injected through the toroidal-core current transformers, it must be checked that the protection opens the circuit-breaker within the selected time. In addition, you must make sure that the tripping indications are correct and that all the events are being recorded in the history log.

To perform this check, follow the steps indicated below:

a. Open the cubicle’s circuit-breaker. Close the earthing switch and then close the circuit-breaker for an effective earthing.

b. Access the cable compartment and connect the test cable to the test connector of the toroidal-core current transformers.

c. Connect the test cable to the current circuit of the tester.

d. Connect signal S1, trip indication (depending on the programmed operation), to the tester’s time delay stop input.

e. Open the circuit-breaker. Open the earthing switch and then close the circuit-breaker. To open the circuit-breaker using the protection unit, the earthing switch must be open.

f. Inject the test currents and verify the tripping times are correct. Check that the trips are correctly displayed.

In order to detect phase trips the test cable must be connected to the test bars of two toroidal-core current transformers. The current must go through each one in opposite directions. In other words, if the current flows up bottom in one of the test cables, in the other it must flow bottom up so that the sum of the two currents is zero and no earth fault trips occur.

For earth trips, the test cable is connected to a single toroidal-core current transformer (zero-sequence or phase toroidal transformer, depending on whether a zero-sequence toroidal is available or not). Trip tests must be performed for all toroidal-core current transformers to check the proper operation of the complete unit.

1 I-1

2 I-3

3 I-11

Figure 8.10. Test terminal block

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2. Check through the secondary circuit with circuit-breaker: In this case, the tests are performed on the equipment when the cable compartment is not accessible. This occurs because the cubicle outgoing cables are energised and cannot be connected to earth. In this case, the test cable cannot be connected to the test connection in the toroidal-core current transformers and the current injection is performed through the test terminal block.

This testing method is also used when the primary circuit current values being tested are much greater than those produced by test equipment (normally greater than 100 A).


a. Access the driving mechanism upper compartment where the checks and test terminal block is located.

b. Short-circuit, and then disconnect the current circuit terminals I1, I3, I5, I7, I9 and I11. This procedure short-circuits the current transformer secondary circuits.

c. Connect the test cable to terminals I1 to I11, taking into account the following relation between terminals and phases.

Current through L1 - I1 and I11.

Current through L2 - I3 and I11.

Current through L3 – I5 and I11.

Current through L1 and L2 (without earthing current) - I1 and I3.

Current through L1 and L3 (without earthing current) - I1 and I5.

Current through L2 and L3 (without earthing current) – I3 and I5.

d. Connect the test cable to the current circuit of the tester.

e. Connect output S1 - trip indication (depending on the programmed operation) - to the tester’s time delay stop input.

f. If the circuit-breaker can be opened, put it in closed position. If the circuit-breaker cannot be operated, make sure the bistable trigger and the tripping coil remain disconnected, and start the check as explained in the following section "Check without using the circuit breaker”.

g. Inject the secondary test currents taking into account that the transformation ratio is 300/1 A or 1000/1 A, depending on the model. Check that the tripping times are correct. Check that the trips are correctly displayed.

3. Check through the secondary circuit without using the circuit-breaker: Not infrequently, the protection cubicle circuit-breaker cannot be operated and therefore the maintenance checks are performed exclusively on the electronic unit. In these cases, the following points should be considered:

a. Always disconnect the bistable trigger and the tripping coil. This way, the relay can trip without acting upon the opening mechanism.

b. Inject the current according to the section above, "check by secondary circuit without using the circuit breaker".

c. The toroidal-core current transformers can be verified if the approximate consumption is known. The current that runs through the secondary circuit (terminals I1, I3, and I5) must match the 300/1 A or 1000/1 A ratios.

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8.4. ekor.rpt.ci units

8.4.1. Functional description

The ekor.rpt.ci protection, metering and control unit is used for the protection of distribution transformers. It is installed in fuse-combination switch cubicles so the electronic system performs all the protection functions, except high polyphase short-circuit values, which are cleared by the fuses.

When an overcurrent that is within the values in which the load break switch can open is detected, the relay acts upon a low power bistable trigger that opens the switch. If the fault current is greater than the breaking capacity of the load break switch[5], the switch trip is blocked so that the fuses will blow. On the other hand, the equipment is disconnected and the fuses do not remain energised.

8.4.2. Definition of inputs / outputs

The ekor.rpt.ci protection, metering and control unit can have five physical inputs and seven physical outputs or eight physical inputs and four physical outputs, as shown in the following table (refer to diagram section 8.3.2). All physical inputs and outputs are isolated from the rest of independent circuits.

The inputs and outputs can be accessed through the ekor.rpt.ci. terminal block.

The input status and the output actions can be checked both in local mode and through the communications protocol. You can also have access to the settings, parameters, readings, etc., in this way.

Figure 8.11. Transformer protection

Figure 8.12. General protection (MV customer supply)

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The signals available for the five inputs and seven outputs module are as follows:



E3 Switch open S3 Trip 50/51

E4 Disconnector closed S4 Trip 50N/51N

E5 Fuse blow closed S5 External trip

S6 Opening sequence

S7 Closing sequence

Table 8.10. Ratio of signals available for the five inputs and seven outputs module

The signals available for the eight inputs and four outputs module are as follows:



E3 Switch open S3 Opening sequence

E4 Disconnector closed S4 Closing sequence

E5 Fuse blow closed

E6 General purpose

E7 General purpose

E8 General purpose

Table 8.11. Ratio of signals available for the eight inputs and four outputs module

The specific functions of the inputs and outputs depend on the installation and can be different to that shown in the tables above. Please see the installation diagrams to check the specific functions of these inputs and outputs.

8.4.3. Technical characteristics

The ekor.rpt.ci unit is used to protect the following transformer power ratings.

cgmcosmossystem

Line voltage

[kV]

Fuse rated voltage

[kV]

Minimum transformer power Maximum transformer power

Fuse rating [A] [kVA] Fuse rating [A] [kVA]

6.6 3/7.2 16 50 160(1) 125010 6/12 16 100 160(1) 125012 10/24 16 100 100 1250

13.2 10/24 16 100 100 125015 10/24 16 125 125(2) 160020 10/24 16 160 125 2000

(1) 442 mm Cartridge (2) SSK 125 A SIBA Fuse

Table 8.12. Transformer powers to protect

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cgm.3 system

Line voltage

[kV]

Fuse rated voltage

[kV]

Minimum transformer power Maximum transformer power

Fuse rating [A] [kVA] Fuse rating [A] [kVA]

6.6 3/7.2 16 50 160(1) 100010 6/12 16 100 125 125012 10/24 10 100 63 800

13.2 10/24 10 100 63 80015 10/24 16 125 63 100020 10/24 16 160 63 125025 24/36 25 200 80(2) 200030 24/36 25 250 80(2) 2500

(1) 442 mm Cartridge (2) SSK 125 A SIBA Fuse

Table 8.13. Transformer powers to protect

The process to select the ekor.rpt.ci unit protection parameters in cgmcosmos-p cubicles is as follows:

1. Determine the required fuse rating to protect the transformer in accordance with the fuse table in document IG-078 by Ormazabal. The maximum ratings that can be used are 160 A for voltages up to and including 12 kV, and 125 A for voltages up to and including 24 kV.

2. Calculate the transformer rated current In = S/√3 x Un.

3. Define the continuous overload level I>. Normal values in transformers of up to 2000 kVA are 20% for distribution installations and 5% for power generation installations.

4. Select the transitory overload curve. Coordination between relay curves and LV fuses is performed with the EI type curve.

5. Define the delay in transient overload K. This parameter is defined by the transformer's thermal constant. This way, the greater the constant, the longer it takes for the transformer’s temperature to increase under an overload condition; and therefore, the protection trip can be delayed longer. The usual value for distribution transformers is K = 0.2, which means that it trips in 2 s if the overload is 300% in the EI curve.

6. Short-circuit level I>>. The maximum value of the transformer’s magnetisation current must be determined. The current peak produced when a no-load transformer is connected, due to the effect of a magnetised nucleus, is several times greater than the rated current. This peak value, up to 12 times the rated value (10 times for more than 1000 kVA), has a very high harmonic content, so its fundamental 50 Hz component is much lower. Therefore, a usual setting value for this parameter is between 7 and 10.

7. Instantaneous time delay T>>. This value corresponds with the protection trip time in the event a short-circuit occurring. It depends on the coordination with other protections and the normal values are between 0.1 and 0.5 s. Whenever the short-circuit value is high, the fuses will act in the time specified by their characteristic curve.

8. Determine the current value in the case of secondary three-phase short-circuit. This fault must be cleared by the fuses, and it corresponds with the intersection point’s maximum value between the relay and the fuse curves. If the intersection point is greater than the secondary short-circuit value, the settings must be adjusted to meet this requirement.

To select the ekor.rpt.ci unit protection parameters in cgm.3-p cubicles, the steps to follow are similar to those proposed in the paragraphs above, except for the first step. The fuse rating required to protect the transformer is determined according to the fuse table of Ormazabal’s documents IG-034 and IG-136 respectively. Please take into consideration that the minimum protection powers are listed in the table above.

In the case of protecting a transformer with following characteristics in a cgmcosmos cubicle system:

S = 1250 kVA, Un=15 kV and Uk= 5%

Follow the procedure below for proper coordination between the fuses and the protection relay:

1. Choice of fuse in accordance with IG-078. Fuse10/24 kV 125 A

2. Rated current. In = S/√3 x Un = 1250 kVA/√3 x 15 kV @ 48 A

3. Continuous withstand overload 20%. In x I> = 48 A x 1.2 @ 58 A

4. Extremely Inverse Curve type. E.I.

5. Transitory overload factor. K = 0.2

6. Short-circuit level. In x I> x I>> = 48 A x 1.2 x 7 @ 404 A

7. Instantaneous time delay T>> = 0.4 s

8. Secondary short-circuit. Ics = In x 100/ Uk = 48 A x 100 / 5 @ 960 A

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1 Selection of fuse 125 A

2 Rated Current 48 A

3 Continuous overload 58 A

4 Curve type E.I.

5 Factor K = 0.2

6 Short-circuit level 404 A

7 Instantaneous time delay 400 ms

8 Secondary three-phase short-circuit 960 A

9 Fuse operation zone

10 Relay operation zone

(s) Time

(A) Current

Figure 8.13. Example for SIBA SSK fuse

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The earth unit setting depends on the characteristics of the line where the unit is installed. In general, the earth fault values are high enough to be detected as overcurrent. Even in isolated or resonant earthed neutral networks, the fault value in transformer protection installations is clearly different from the capacitive currents of the lines. This way, the transformer protection ekor.rpt.ci units are used in isolated neutral networks that do not require the directional function. The values of the setting parameters

must guarantee selectivity with the main switch protections. Given the variety of protection criteria and types of neutral used in the networks, a single parameterisation does not exist; each case requires a specific parameterisation. In general, for machines up to 2000 kVA, the settings below are given as a general example. It must be ensured that they properly apply to the protections upstream (general, line or main switch protections, among others.)

Phase Setting

Rated Current Time delayed Instantaneous I> K I>> T>>In=S/√3xUn = 48 A EI DT 1.2 0.2 7 0,4

Table 8.14. Phase Setting

Earth Setting

Type of neutral Time delayed Instantaneous Io> Ko Io>> To>>Solid or impedant NI DT 0.2 0.2 5 0,4

Isolated or resonant NI DT 0.1/Ig = 2 A* 0.2 5 0,4

* When a zero-sequence toroidal transformer is used.

Table 8.15. Earth setting

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8.4.4. Installation in a cubicle

The main components of the ekor.rpt.ci units are the electronic relay, voltage and current sensors, the bistable trigger, the tripping coil and the terminal block.

1 ekor.rpt.ci electronic relay

2 Current sensors

3 Voltage sensors

Figure 8.14. Example of installation of an ekor.rpt.ci in fuse protection cubicles

The electronic relay is fastened to the cubicle control panel. The front of the equipment, which contains the components of the user interface, display, keys, communication ports, etc., is accessible from the outside without the need to remove the mechanism enclosure. The rear contains both the X1 and X2 connectors and the wiring that connects it to the voltage and current sensors and the terminal block.

Figure 8.15. ekor.rpt.ci front and rear view

1 ekor.rpt.ci relay configuration interconnection

2 DB-9 Male (relay)

3 DB-9 Female (PC)

4 RS485 communications connection

Figure 8.16. Front and back connections diagram ekor.rpt.ci

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8.4.5. Single-line diagram ekor.rpt.ci

The ekor.rpt.ci unit single-line diagram is shown below.

Figure 8.17. Single-line diagram

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8.4.6. Installation of toroidal-core current transformers

The installation of toroidal-core current transformers requires special attention. It is the main cause of untimely tripping problems, and its improper operation can cause trips that go undetected during commissioning. Aspects that must be considered in the installation:

1. The toroidal-core current transformers are installed on the outgoing cables of the cubicle. The inner diameter is 82 mm, which means that MV cables can easily pass through the inside.

2. The earthing screen MUST go through the toroidal-core current transformer when it comes out of the part of cable remaining above the toroidal-core current transformer. In this case, the braided pair goes through the inside of the toroidal-core current transformer before it is connected to the earthing of the cubicle. The braided pair must not touch any metal part, such as the cable support or other areas of the cable compartment, before it is connected to the cubicle's earth.

3. The earthing screen must NOT go through the toroidal-core current transformer when it comes out of the part of the cable remaining under the toroidal-core current transformer. In this case, the braided pair is connected directly to the earthing collector of the cubicle. If there is no braided pair for the earthing window because it is connected at the other end (as in metering cubicles), the twisted pair should also not go through the toroidal-core current transformer.

1 Earth screen: it must pass through the inside of the toroidal-core current transformers

Figure 8.18. Installation of toroidal-core current transformers

8.4.7. Checking and maintenance

The ekor.rpt.ci protection, metering and control unit is designed to be able to perform the required operational checks.

1. Check through the primary circuit: This case corresponds to the tests that are performed on the equipment when it is completely shut down, since it involves actuating the switch-disconnector and earthing the cubicle outgoing cables. When current is injected through the toroidal-core current transformers, it must be checked that the protection opens the switch within the selected time. In addition, you must make sure that the tripping indications are correct and that all the events are being recorded in the history log.


a. Open the cubicle’s switch-disconnector and then earth the output.

b. Access the cable compartment and pass a test cable through the toroidal-core current transformers.

c. Connect the test cable to the current circuit of the tester.

d. Connect output S1, trip signal (according to the programmed operation), to the tester's time delay stop input.

e. Open the earthing switch and close the switch. Reset the latch and remove the actuating lever in order to leave the cubicle ready for tripping.

f. Inject the test currents and verify the tripping times are correct. Check that the trips are correctly displayed.

For phase trips, the test cable must pass through two toroidal-core current transformers. The cable must pass through each of them in opposite direction; in other words, if in the first one current flows up bottom, in the other it must flow bottom up so that the sum of the two currents equals zero and no earth trip occur.

For earth trips, the test cable is passed through a single toroidal-core current transformer (zero-sequence or phase toroidal, depending on whether a zero-sequence toroidal is available or not). Trip tests must be performed through all toroidal-core current transformers to check the proper operation of the complete unit.

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Settings and managing menus General Instructionsekor.rpg.ci & ekor.rpt.ci

9. Settings and managing menus

9.1. Keypad and alphanumeric display

As can be seen in the image, the ekor.rp.ci protection, metering and control units have a total of 6 keys:

SET: gives access to the "parameter setting" mode. In addition, the key has a confirmation function within the various menus of the "parameter setting" mode. This function is explained in greater detail throughout this section.

ESC: This key allows the user to return to the main screen ("display") from any screen without saving changes made to the settings up to this point. Using this key, the unit's trip indications can be reset.

Scrolling keys: The "up" and "down" arrows enable the user to scroll through the various menus and change values. The "right" and "left" arrows allow values in the "parameter setting" menu to be selected for modification, as detailed later.

Along with the keypad, the relays have an alphanumeric display which makes it easier to use them. To save energy, the relay has a standby mode (display switched off), which starts to operate any time the relay does not receive an external signal for 1 minute (pressing of any key, except the SET key, or communication via RS-232), or for 2 minutes if the user is modifying the parameters in the "parameter adjustment" mode. Likewise, if either type of external signal is received (pressing the ESC, arrow up, down, left or right keys; or communication via RS-232) the relay will exit the standby mode and return to its active status, as long as the relay remains powered.

Figure 9.1. ekor.rp.ci protection, metering and control units.

Figure 9.2. SET key

Figure 9.3. ESC key

Figure 9.4. Scrolling keys

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Settings and managing menus

9.2. Display

The "display" mode is the normal mode of the relay when in operation. Its main function is to allow the user to view various unit parameters which can be summarised in 5 groups:

1. Current metering

2. Detection of voltage presence / absence

3. Viewing the setting values

4. Values of the last and penultimate trip

5. Current date and time

The "display" mode is shown by default in the relay, both when it is switched on and when it returns from its standby status, or when pressing the ESC key from any screen. In this operating mode, the up and down keys are enabled so that the user can scroll through the various parameters in the "display" mode. The SET key accesses the "parameter setting" mode.

Figure 9.6 shows some of the "Display" mode screens of the ekor.rp.ci units.

The screens shown in the relay display consist of 2 data lines. The first one indicates the parameter for the specific window; the second one establishes the value of this parameter.

Additionally, both this display screen and the two data lines can show error codes (refer to section”9.5. Error codes”) and the status of the reclosing cycle (refer to section “9.6. Recloser codes”). These indications are displayed with the other indications.

Figure 9.5. Current date and time

Figure 9.6. "Display" mode screens

A table with the “Display” mode parameters sequence is shown below. This table includes the text that appears on the first line of the relay display, along with an explanation of the corresponding parameter.

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Parameter MeaningI1. A Phase 1 current meterI2. A Phase 2 current meterI3. A Phase 3 current meterI 0. A Zero-sequence current meterV1 Phase 1 voltage detection (ON/OFF)V2 Phase 2 voltage detection (ON/OFF)V3 Phase 3 voltage detection (ON/OFF)I> Phase curve type (NI, VI, EI, DT, disabled)I0> Zero-sequence curve type (NI, VI, EI, DT, disabled)I>> Instantaneous phase unit enabled/disabled

I 0>> Instantaneous zero-sequence unit enabled/disabledIn. A Phase full load currentI> Phase overload factorK Constant phase multiplier

I>> Phase instantaneous multiplierT>> Phase instantaneous time delayI 0> Earth leakage factorK 0 Constant zero-sequence multiplier

I 0>> Zero-sequence instantaneous multiplierT 0>> Zero-sequence instantaneous time delay

Ur Line voltageTu Time delay for voltage presence/Absence detection

79_h* Reclosing function activation / de-activationT1R* First reclosing time delayT2R* Second reclosing time delayT3R* Third reclosing time delayT4R* Fourth reclosing time delayTb* Blocking time

Tbm* Manual blocking timeR50* Reclosing by 50 unit tripR51* Reclosing by 51 unit trip

R50N* Reclosing by 50N unit tripR51N* Reclosing by 51N unit tripH2. A Current at last trip

H2 Cause of last tripH2.TM Time delay of last trip, from start up to the tripH2.DT Last trip dateH2.YE Last trip yearH2.HR Hour and minute of last tripH2.SE Last trip secondH1. A Penultimate trip current

H1 Penultimate trip causeH1.TM Time delay of the penultimate trip, from start up to the tripH1.DT Penultimate trip dateH1.YE Penultimate trip yearH1.HR Hour and minute of penultimate tripH1.SE Penultimate trip secondDATE Current dateYEAR Current yearHOUR Current time

SEC Current second

* For ekor.rpg.ci only

Table 9.1. "Display" mode parameters sequence

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9.3. Parameter setting

The "parameter setting" menu can be accessed from any window of the "display" menu by pressing the SET key. The protection remains operational with the initial parameters, until the user returns to the "display" menu by pressing the SET key again.

As a precautionary measure, the "parameter setting" menu is protected by a password, which is entered each time the user wishes to access this menu. By default all the ekor.rp.ci units have the key 0000. This password can be changed by the user, as explained below.

This menu allows the user to make changes to various relay parameters. These parameters can be grouped as follows:

1. Parameters for the protection and detection functions

2. Input menu

3. Output menu

4. Date and time

5. Communication parameters

6. Information on the number of trips

7. Password change

When the relay is in the "parameter setting" menu, the text <<SET>> that appears in the bottom centre section of the relay screen (see drawing) allows the user to quickly identify the menu.

Figure 9.7. Parameter setting

9.3.1. Protection parameters

The ekor.rp.ci units include two methods for selecting parameter settings: manual or automatic.

The manual method consists of entering each protection parameter one by one.

On the other hand, the automatic method makes the parameter entry easier and quicker for the user. In this method, the user simply enters 2 pieces of data: Installation

transformer power (Pt), and line voltage (Tr). From these 2 pieces of data, the relay sets the parameters according to:

)3( ×=

r

tn T

PI

The selected full load current value is achieved by always rounding up the value.

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The rest of setting values are fixed (see the table below), although the user can change any of the values selected in

the programme from the manual mode.

Phase protection Earth protection

Setting Automatic value Setting Automatic valueOverload factor 120% Earth leakage factor 20%Type of curve EI Type of Curve NIConstant multiplier 0.2 Constant multiplier 0.2Short-circuit factor 10* Short-circuit factor 5Tripping time 0.1* Tripping time 0.1(*)Trip on DT Trip on DT

* For protection through the ekor.rpt-10 x 1/20 x 1/30 x 1 B with 5-100 A range toroidal current transformers, the short-circuit value is 7 and the instantaneous tripping time is 0.4.

Table 9.2. Protection parameters

9.3.2. Parameter setting menu

When accessing the "parameter setting" menu through the SET key, the relay requests a password. The settings introduction area is accessed once it is verified that the password is correct. At this moment, manual configuration (CONF PAR) or automatic configuration (CONF TRAF) must be selected. Change from one to the other using the "right" and "left" keys. Press the SET key to select the desired option. The diagram on the right graphically explains this process.

Once inside any of the two settings entry areas, the user can move from one parameter to another using the "up" and "down" keys, the same as in the "display" mode. Press the ESC or SET key to exit this menu and access the "display" menu. The ESC key will disregard all setting changes made previously, whereas the SET key will save all data before continuing.

Figure 9.8. Parameter setting

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To change a setting, proceed as follows:

1. Display the setting to be changed on the screen.

2. Press the "left" or "right" keys. The data will start to flash.

3. Adjust the value required with the "up" and down" keys. If the setting is numeric, the blinking number can be changed with the "left" or "right" keys.

4. To exit, press SET (save and exit), or ESC (clear changes and exit).

Figure 9.9. Modifying settings

The password can be modified by first entering the current password. The process is explained graphically in the diagram on the right. As shown in this diagram, password modification consists of four steps.

Figure 9.10. Password change

The two following tables show the protection parameters in the "parameter setting" menu, along with an explanation of each of them and the values they can have. This information is shown for each of the two setting modes: manual or automatic.

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Parameter Meaning RangeI> Phase curve type / unit disabling OFF, NI, VI, EI, DTI0> Zero-sequence curve type / unit disabling OFF, NI, VI, EI, DTI>> Enabling instantaneous phase unit OFF, DTI0>> Enabling instantaneous earth unit OFF, DTIn. A Phase full load current Models x001: 5 A – 192 A (steps of 1 A)

Models x002: 15 A – 480 A (steps of 1 A)I> Phase overload factor 1.00 – 1.30K Constant phase multiplier 0.05 – 1.6I>> Phase instantaneous multiplier 1 – 25T>> Phase instantaneous time delay 0.05 – 2.5I0>* Earth leakage factor 0.1 – 0.8K0 Constant zero-sequence multiplier 0.05 – 1.6I0>> Zero-sequence instantaneous multiplier 1 – 25T0>> Zero-sequence instantaneous time delay 0.05 – 2.5Ur Line voltage (kV) 3 – 36Tu Time delay for voltage presence/absence detection 0.05 – 2.579_h** Reclosing function activation / de-activation ON / OFFT1R** First reclosing time delay 0.0 to 999.9 (steps of 0.1)T2R** Second reclosing time delay 0.0 and 15.0 to 999.9 (steps of 0.1)T3R** Third reclosing time delay 0.0 and from 60.0 to 999.9 (steps of 0.1)T4R** Fourth reclosing time delay 0.0 and from 180.0 to 999.9 (steps of 0.1)Tb** Blocking time 0.1 to 999.9 (steps of 0.1)Tbm** Manual blocking time 0.1 to 999.9 (steps of 0.1)R50** Reclosing by 50 unit trip ON / OFFR51** Reclosing by 51 unit trip ON / OFFR50N** Reclosing by 50N unit trip ON / OFFR51N** Reclosing by 51N unit trip ON / OFFDATE Change current day (day and month) 1 - 31/1 - 12YEAR Change current year 2000 – 2059HOUR Change current time 00:00 - 23:59SEC. Change current second 0 - 59NPER Peripheral number 0 – 31PROT Protocol number 0000[5] MODBUS

0002 PROCOMEBAUD Transmission speed (kbps) 1.2; 2.4; 4.8; 9.6; 19.2; 38.4PARI Parity No, even, oddLEN Word length 7; 8STOP Stop bits 1; 2DT.AD Day and month on which the last setting was made Cannot be changedYE.AD Year in which the last setting was made Cannot be changedHR.AD Time at which the last setting was made Cannot be changedSE.AD Second at which the last setting was made Cannot be changedNTP Number of phase trips Cannot be changedNTG Number of earth trips Cannot be changedV. Firmware version Cannot be changedPSWU Password change 0000 - 9999Inputs Inputs ON/OFFSAL Outputs ON/OFF

* In the case of zero-sequence toroidal transformers, the range is 0.5 A – In and the parameter is Ig ** For ekor.rpg.ci only

Table 9.3. Manual setting menu

[5]

[5] Protocol to communicate with ekor.soft.

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Parameter Meaning RangetP 0W Transformer power (kVA) 50; 100; 160; 200; 250; 315; 400; 500;

630; 800; 1000; 1250; 1600; 2000TVOL Line voltage (kV) 6.6; 10; 12; 13.2; 15; 20; 25; 30

Table 9.4. Automatic setting menu

In the automatic mode and once the "transformer power" and "line voltage" parameters have been set, the relay shows the parameter appearance sequence of the table above (corresponding to manual setting of parameters), starting with parameter Ur.

The "input menu" and "output menu" windows can be accessed from the "parameter setting" window. To do so from the input screen of the “parameter setting” menu, enter the “input menu” by pressing the left or right arrows. The "input menu" contains the status of inputs 1 to 5 and 1 to 10[6], depending on the model, in consecutive screens that can be viewed by scrolling with the up and down arrows.

The "output menu" can also be accessed from the output screen shown in the "parameter setting" screen (designated "SAL ONOF") by pressing the left or right arrows. Once in the menu, the up and down arrows can be used to scroll through the various screens showing the status of each output. The output status can be changed by using the left and right arrows. The output status is changed when a pulse is received.

To exit the "input menu" or "output menu", press the relay’s ESC key.

9.4. Trip recognition

Whenever a trip occurs, the relay immediately accesses the "trip recognition" menu. This menu can be easily identified because a blinking arrow is located on the upper part of the display, just below the name of the function that has caused the trip. The ekor.rp.ci units signal four possible trip causes using the upper arrow.

1. Phase time delay trip I>

2. Phase instantaneous trip I>>

3. Earth time delay trip I0>

4. Earth instantaneous trip I0>>

To exit the "trip recognition" menu, press the ESC key from any of the menu screens. The relay recognises that the user has checked the trip and then returns to the first screen of the "display" menu. In any case, the trip data will continue to be available to the user from the "display" menu until two new trips have occurred.

The various screens of the of "trip recognition" menu provide two types of information. The initial screen shows the current detected at the tripping moment, by phase or earth depending on the tripped unit. Subsequent "trip recognition" screens display the date and time of the trip, along with the time elapsed from the unit start up to the trip.

[6] From 1 to 8 in the case of ekor.rpt.ci.

Figure 9.11. Trip recognition

The following table shows the sequence in which the data appear. As in the rest of the menus, the "up" and "down" keys are used to scroll throughout the various data.

Parameter MeaningIx A Current at the tripping momentIx TM Time elapsed from unit start up to the tripIx DT Day and month on which the trip occurredIx YE Year in which the trip occurredIx HR Time at which the trip occurredIx SE Second in which the trip occurred

Where subscript x depends on the cause of the trip: “1”, “2”, “3” or “0”, , for phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 or zero-sequence, respectively.

Table 9.5. Data appearance sequence

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9.5. Error codes

The ekor.rp.ci units have a series of error codes used to warn the user regarding the different anomalies that may occur in the system.

The different error codes are identified by a number, just as shown in the figure on the right. The following error codes may be displayed in the ekor.rp.ci units:

Code shown on

the displayMeaning

ER 03 Switch error (error during the opening or closing)ER 04 Closing coil error in closed positionER 05 Closing coil error in open positionER 06 Opening coil errorER 07 Miniature circuit breaker alarmER 08 Springs unloaded alarmER 09 Status of protections that are turned off (even with

I>, Io>, I>>, Io>> a ON)ER 0A Pump activation

Switches between the error code and the reading

Table 9.6. Error codes

Figure 9.12. Error display

9.6. Recloser codes

Along with the trip recognition parameters, the unit displays a series of codes to indicate which cycle the recloser is in.

Code shown on

the displayMeaning

RE 01 First reclosing cycle in progressRE 02 Second reclosing cycle in progressRE 03 Third reclosing cycle in progressRE 04 Fourth reclosing cycle in progressRE FIN Reclosing cycle finished final trip

Switches between the recloser code and the trip recognition screen

Table 9.7. Recloser codes

Under the following conditions, the recloser codes are cleared from the relay screen and only the trip recognition screen remains:

1. Manual operations on the unit: manual closing/opening, activation/de-activation of the recloser.

2. If errors occur before or during the reclosing cycle, the error information on the screen prevails over the reclosing information, which should appear in the same display line.

3. The blocking time delay is surpassed while the reclosing cycle is in progress, without reaching the final trip.

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9.7. Menu map (quick access)

The menu map is a summary table that indicates all the submenus for the ekor.rp.ci units, as well as a brief

explanation of each one.

Figure 9.13. Menu map (1)

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Communications General Instructionsekor.rpg.ci & ekor.rpt.ci

10. Communications

10.1. Physical medium: RS 485 and optical fibre

The physical medium to establish remote control communications for ekor.rp.ci units can be twisted pair or optical fibre (depending on the model).

A multimode plastic fibre is used for optical fibre communications. The relay has two optical-fibre connectors, one to send and another one to receive.

10.2. MODBUS protocol

The two communication ports of the relay use the same protocol: MODBUS in RTU transmission mode (binary). The main advantage of this mode over the ASCII mode is that the information is packed tighter, allowing a higher data transmission rate at the same communication speed. Each message must be transmitted as a continuous string, as the silences are used to detect the end of the message. The minimum duration of the SILENCE is 3.5 characters.

Start Address Function Data CRC EndSilence 8 bits 8 bits n x 8 bits 16 bits Silence

Table 10.1. RTU message frame

The MODBUS ADDRESS of the relay (also called peripheral number) is a byte that takes values between 0 and 31.

The master addresses the slave, indicating its address in the respective field and the slave answers by indicating its own address. The '0' address is reserved for the "broadcast" mode so it can be recognised by all slaves.

1 ekor.bus

2 Settings parameters

Figure 10.1. MODBUS address

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10.2.1. Read/write functions

In principle, only two functions will be implemented, one for reading and another for writing data.

Data reading

Question:

Start Address Function Data CRC EndSilence DESC ‘3’ ADDR-H ADDR-L NDATA-H NDATA-L 16 bits Silence

Table 10.1. Question

Response:

Start Address Function N° of bytes Data CRC EndSilence DESC ‘3’ N DATA1-H DATA1-L ....... 16 bits Silence

Table 10.2. Response

where:

DESC Slave addressADDR-H High byte of the address for the first register to be readADDR-L Low byte of the address for the first register to be readNDATA-H High byte of the number of registers to be readNDATA-L Low byte of the number of registers to be readDATA1-H High byte of the first register requestedDATA1-L Low byte of the first register requestedN Total number of data bytes. This will be equal to the number of registers requested, multiplied by 2

Data writing

This makes it possible to write a single register at the address indicated

Question:

Start Address Function Data CRC EndSilence DESC ‘6’ ADDR-H ADDR-L DATA-H DATA-L 16 bits Silence

Table 10.3. Question

Response:

The normal response is an echo of the query received.

where:

DESC Slave addressADDR-H High byte of the address for the register to be written.ADDR-L Low byte of the address for the register to be written.DATA-H High byte of the data to be written.DATA-L Low byte of the data to be written.

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Response in the case of error:

Start Address Function Error-Code CRC EndSilence DESC FUNC_ERR CODE_ERROR 16 bits Silence

Table 10.4. Response in the case of error

where:

DESC Slave addressFUNC_ERR Code of the function requested, with the most significant bit at 1C O D E _ERROR

Code of the error occurred‘1’ Error in the number of registers‘2’ Bad address‘3’ Bad data ‘4’ Attempt made to read a write-only address‘5’ Session error‘6’ EEPROMerror‘8’ Attempt being made to write in a read-only address

10.2.2. PASSWORD-PROTECTED register write

The parameters are protected against writing by the user PASSWORD .

A write session of PASSWORD -protected parameters starts by entering the password in the respective address. The write session ends with the update of registers once the

respective PASSWORD has been transmitted again. If the time-out period has elapsed, the process is aborted and the system returns to normal mode. In normal mode, any attempt to write a protected registration will result in an error code 2'. The write session is valid for only one port with the first to enter the PASSWORD taking priority.

10.2.3. CRC Generation

The cyclical redundancy check (CRC) field contains two bytes that are added to the end of the message. The receiver must re-calculate it and compare it with the received value. Both values must be equal.

The CRC is the remainder obtained when dividing the message by a binary polynomial. The receiver must divide all bits received (information plus CRC) by the same polynomial used to calculate the CRC. If the remainder obtained is 0, the information frame is deemed correct.

The polynomial used will be: X15 + X13 + 1

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10.2.4. Register map

Field Address ContentIn 0x0000 from 5 to 192 (depending on model)

from 15 to 480 (depending on model)CURVE_PHASE–

CURVE_ZERO-SEQ

0x0001 0: OFF, 1: NI; 2: VI 3: EI; 4: DT

PHASE_INST ZERO-SEQ_INST 0x0002 0: OFF, 1: DT;PHASE_INST_OVERLOAD (I>) 0x0003 0: 100%; 1: 101%; 2: 102%,... 30: 130%

K Ko 0x0005 0: 0.05; 1: 0.06; ... 20: 1.6PHASE_INST_OCCUR ZERO-SEQ_INST_OCCUR 0x0006 0: 1 time; 1: 2 times; 2: 3 times;...

24: 25 timesPHASE_INST_TIME ZERO-SEQ_INST_TIME 0x0007 0 → 50 ms, 1 → 60 ms, 2 → 70 ms, 3 → 80 ms

4 → 90 ms, 5 → 100 ms, 6 → 200 ms...2.5 sPHASE_TRIP_COUNTER 0x0008 from 0000 to 9999EARTH_TRIP_COUNTER 0x0009 from 0000 to 9999

USER_PASSWORD 0x000b from 0000 to 9999CURRENT_ZERO-SEQ (Io>) 0x000C if 0-seq = 0

0: 10%; 1: 11%; ...80%if 0-seqt = 10: 05; 1: 0.06; 2:0.07; ...In

Ur Line voltage 0x000d from 3 to 36 kVTu Voltage time delay setting 0x000e 0 → 50 ms, 1 → 60 ms, 2 → 70 ms, 3 → 80 ms,

4 → 90 ms, 5 → 100 ms, 6 → 200 ms...2.5 s

NOT USED 79_h 0x000f 0: OFF, 1: ON

T1R 0x0010 from 0 to 9999 tenths of sT2R 0x0011 from 0 to 9999 tenths of sT3R 0x0012 from 0 to 9999 tenths of sT4R 0x0013 from 0 to 9999 tenths of sTb 0x0014 from 1 to 9999 tenths of s

Tbm 0x0015 from 1 to 9999 tenths of sR50 R51 0x0016 0: OFF, 1: ON

R50N R51N 0x0017 0: OFF, 1: ON

Table 10.5. User settings: user password-protected writing

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Field Address ContentUser setting date YEAR 0x0200

RTC Format

MONTH DAY 0x0201TIME MINUTE 0x0202

00 SECONDS 0x0203MONTH DAY 0x0205

TIME MINUTE 0x020600 SECONDS 0x0207

Tripping history log PENULT_TRIP LAST_TRIP 0x0208 Bit Content0 Trip by phase

1: L1, 2: L2, 3: L312 Zero-sequence trip3 Not used4 External trip5 Cause of the phase trip

0: overload,1: short-circuit

6 Cause of the zero-sequence trip0: overload,

1: short-circuit7 Double trip

PHASE_LAST_TRIP_VALUE 0x0209Current in hundredths of an A

0x020aZERO-SEQ_LAST_TRIP_VALUE 0x020b

Current in hundredths of an A0x020c

PHASE_LAST_TRIP_TIME 0x020d Time in hundredths of a sZERO-SEQ_LAST_TRIP_TIME 0x020e Time in hundredths of a s

YEAR 0x020f

RTC FormatMONTH DAY 0x0210

TIME MINUTE 0x0211CSEC SECONDS 0x0212PHASE_PENULT_TRIP_VALUE 0x0213

Current in hundredths of an A0x0214

ZERO-SEQ_PENULT_TRIP_VALUE0x0215 Current in hundredths of an A0x0216

PHASE_PENULT_TRIP_TIME 0x0217 Time in hundredths of a sZERO-SEQ_PENULT_TRIP_TIME 0x0218 Time in hundredths of a s

YEAR 0x0219

RTC FormatMONTH DAY 0x021a

TIME MINUTE 0x021bCSEC SECONDS 0x021c

Current meter Phase current L1 0X0708Hundredths of an A

0X0709Phase current L2 0X070A

Hundredths of an A0X070B

Phase current L3 0X070CHundredths of an A

0X070DZero-sequence current 0X070E

Hundredths of an A0X070F

Software version Functionality 0x0226 from 0 to 99 from A to Z

Table 10.6. History logs; readings; inputs / outputs; soft version: read only

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Field Address ContentYear 0x0300 from 2000 to 2059

Month Day 0x0301 from 1 to 12 from 1 to 31Time Minute 0x0302 from 0 to 23 from 0 to 59

00 Seconds 0x0303 0 from 0 to 59

Table 10.7. Clock

Field Address ContentUser password key 0x0500 From 0 to 9999

Table 10.8. Password keys: write only

Digital Inputs (Read-Only)

Field Address Content

Digital Inputs

0x0710

Bit 0 1st Input

Bit 1 2nd InputBit 2 3rd InputBit 3 4th InputBit 4 5th InputBit 5 6th InputBit 6 7th InputBit 7 8th InputBit 8 9th InputBit 9 10th Input

Bit 10 11th InputBit 11 12th InputBit 12 13th InputBit 13 14th InputBit 14 15th InputBit 15 16th Input

0x0711

Bit 0 17th InputBit 1 18th InputBit 2 19th InputBit 3 20th InputBit 4 21st InputBit 5 22nd InputBit 6 23rd InputBit 7 24th InputBit 8 25th InputBit 9 26th Input

Bit 10 27th InputBit 11 28th InputBit 12 29th InputBit 13 30th InputBit 14 31st InputBit 15 32nd Input

Table 10.9. Specific remote control functions (application level): digital Inputs

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Digital Outputs/Controls (Writing)

Field Address Content

Outputs

0x0600

Bit 0 Outputs 1

Bit 1 Outputs 2Bit 2 Outputs 3Bit 3 Outputs 4Bit 4 Outputs 5Bit 5 Outputs 6Bit 6 Outputs 7Bit 7 Outputs 8Bit 8 Outputs 9Bit 9 Outputs 10

Bit 10 Outputs 11Bit 11 Outputs 12Bit 12 Outputs 13Bit 13 Outputs 14Bit 14 Outputs 15Bit 15 Outputs 16

0x0601

Bit 0 Outputs 17Bit 1 Outputs 18Bit 2 Outputs 19Bit 3 Outputs 20Bit 4 Outputs 21Bit 5 Outputs 22Bit 6 Outputs 23Bit 7 Outputs 24Bit 8 Outputs 25Bit 9 Outputs 26

Bit 10 Outputs 27Bit 11 Outputs 28Bit 12 Outputs 29Bit 13 Outputs 30Bit 14 Outputs 31Bit 15 Outputs 32

Table 10.10. Specific remote control functions (application level): digital outputs

The specific functions of the inputs (0x0600 and 0x0601) and outputs (0x0710 and 0x0711), depend on the installation and can be different to that is shown in the tables above. Please see the installation diagrams to check the specific functions of these inputs and outputs.

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10.3. PROCOME protocol

The ekor.rp.ci relay can be set up for the PROCOME communication protocol (by setting parameter PROT to 0002). In this case, only the rear communication port (RS485 standard) responds to the PROCOME protocol. The front port continues to respond to theMODBUSprotocol for local configuration using ekor.soft.

PROCOME is an asynchronous serial communication protocol conceived for data transfer between electrical

installations control and protection equipment, following the standards IEC 870-5.

The implementation of PROCOME for the ekor.rp.ci unit allows the start functions (without key) and control functions, obtaining information from the digital inputs (including its changes) and the readings. It also allows orders to be received.

10.3.1. Link level

The link layer follows the indications given about the PROCOME protocol. These frames follow the T1.2 frames standard of the IEC, 870-5-2, although the length of the address field of the equipment is 8 bits.

The value 0xFF in the addresses is reserved for broadcasting.

The fixed-length frames structure (without application data) is as follows:

Offset Name Value Description0 Start 0x10 Fixed-length frame start indication

1 Control 0x00-0xFF Control word

2 Address 0x00-0xFF Destination/source node address

3 Sum 0x00-0xFF Sum of offsets 0 and 1 data (control and address)

4 End 0x16 End of frame indication

Table 10.11. Fixed length frames structure

The variable-length frames (with application data) have the following length:

Offset Name Value Description0 Start1 0x68 Variable-length frame start indication

0.1 Length0x02

-0xFB

User data length (in Little Endian), from Offset 3 to Offset immediately before the additionThe contents of the first byte are copied on the second byte, therefore if length, l = 10 bytes the value of the field is 0x0A0A

2 Start2 0x68 User data start indication

3 Control 0x00-0xFF Control word

4 Address 0x00-0xFF Destination/source node address

5-

(Length + 3)Data User data. The ASDUs are included here

Length + 4 Sum 0x00-0xFF Sum of the control, address and data fields

Length + 5 End 0x16 End of frame indication

Table 10.12. Variable length frames

A transmission window of 1 message is used as flow control mechanism (with an alternate bit included in the control word of the messages broadcast by the master station). This way, the slave stations repeat the last broadcast message to the master station if the value of that bit (FCB in the nomenclature of the Protocol) in the last message received by the master is the same as in the penultimate one. If the values are different, the new message is processed and it acts accordingly. Another bit of the control word of the messages broadcast by the master station (FCV

in the nomenclature of the Protocol) is used to keep the mechanism active.

The control words of the messages (broadcast by both the master and the slave station) reserve the 4 bits of their low nibble for the link function. The PRM bit of the control word is reserved to indicate the message direction.

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The following frames are used in PROCOME in the Master to Slave direction:

# Name Fcv Description

0 SEND RESET UC No

Reset order of the slave link levelThe slave must delete its queue of changes from ED and set the value of the last FCB received to 0The confirmation from the slave can be positive (0, CONFIRM ACK) or negative (1, CONFIRM NACK)

3 SEND DATA YesData sending with confirmationThe performance orders are sent to the ekor.rp.ci units with this systemThe confirmation from the slave can be positive 0, CONFIRM ACK or negative 1, CONFIRM NACK

4 SEND DATA NR NoData sending without confirmationThe system date/time are sent to the ekor.rp.ci units with this systemNo response is awaited from the slaves

6* REQUEST DATA S Yes

Specific data request.It is used to obtain control data from the slaves. The value of ED, EA and EC, as well as the changes to ED, are obtained from the ekor.rp.ci units with this mechanismA data response with data (8, RESPON DATA) is awaited, even though data is not yet available(9, RESPON NO DATA) or without having implemented the data (15*, RESPOND NOT IMP)

7* SEND RESET FCB No

Reset order of the slave FCB bit levelThe slave must set the value of the last FCB received to 0, without deleting its queue of changesThe confirmation from the slave can be positive (0, CONFIRM ACK) or negative (1, CONFIRM NACK)

9 REQUEST LSTS NoLink level status requestIt is used to check if the slave is connected. A response 11 is awaited, RESPONDF LSTS

10 REQUEST DATA C1 Yes

Category 1 (urgent) data requestIt is used to obtain urgent data from the slaves. This mechanism only allows the cause of the equipment restart to be obtained from the ekor.rp.ci unitsA data response with data (8, RESPON DATA) is awaited, even though data is not yet available(9, RESPON NO DATA) or without having implemented the data (15*, RESPOND NOT IMP)

11 REQUEST DATA C2 Yes

Category 2 (non-urgent) data requestIt is used to obtain non-urgent data from the slavesA data response with data (8, RESPON DATA) is awaited, even though data is not yet available(9, RESPON NO DATA) or without having implemented the data (15*, RESPOND NOT IMP)

* Specific PROCOMEprotocol functions. The remaining functions are common to link level IEC 870-5-2.

Table 10.13. Frames in master to slave direction

And in the slave to master direction:

# Name Description0 CONFIRM ACK Positive confirmation

1 CONFIRM NACK Negative confirmation

8 RESPOND DATA Response with application data

9 RESPOND NO DATA Response without application data

11 RESPOND LSTS Response to link status request

14* RESPOND LERROR Response indicating the slave link level does not work properly

15* RESPOND NO IMP Response indicating the functionality associated to the requested data has not been implemented in the slave

* Specific PROCOMEprotocol functions. The remaining functions are common to link level IEC 870-5-2.

Table 10.14. Frames in slave to master direction

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10.3.2. Application level

For exchanging data between the application functions, between the master and slave equipment, data are encapsulated in the variable-length frames. The application data are named ASDU (Application Service Data Unit) and have a common header that indicates their type followed by specific data for each one.

The structure of the header, or data unit identification, is as follows:

Offset Name Description

0 Typ

Data type identifierThe numeric value stored in this field is used to name the application data in an unequivocal way

1 VsqVariable structure qualifierIndicates the number of data structures included in ASDU

2 CotCause of transmissionIndicates the cause of the data transmission

3 Addr

ASDU addressASDU application level address. It does not have to be the same as the link level address, since a link connection could be used for several application connections. However, in PROCOME it is the same

Table 10.15. Unit identification

The table below shows the information object associated to the data type. The structure of this object depends on the data transmitted in each case, but each of them have the same start, the information object identifier whose structure is as follows:

Offset Name Description4 Fun Function type

5 Inf Information number

Table 10.16. Object

Finally, the information object data from offset 6 is included in the application data field.

The ASDUs used in PROCOME have pre-set values for each of the header fields.

The ASDUs used in the data exchange between masters and slaves correspond to an application profile that supports the start of the secondary stations, the control functions, the control enquiry, the control digital signals refresh (supporting the possible overflow corresponding to the buffer of changes) and the command orders. This way, the ASDUs in secondary (slaves) to primary (master) direction are as follows:

Typ Description5 Identification

100 ED changes and readings (photo EA and changes) transmission

101 Counters transmission (photo EC)

103 ED current status transmission (photo ED)

121 Command orders

Table 10.17. ASDUs secondary-primary direction

In primary to secondary direction are as follows:

Typ Description6 Slave synchronisation

100 Control data request (photo EA, ED changes, stop EC and photo EC)

103 ED current status request (photo ED)

121 Command orders

Table 10.18. ASDUs primary-secondary direction

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Notes General Instructionsekor.rpg.ci & ekor.rpt.ci

Notes

Subject to change without prior notice.

For further information, contact Ormazabal.

Ormazabal Protection & Automation

IGORRE Spain

www.ormazabal.com

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