EKG BasicsEKG Basics OutlineOutline1.1.Review of the conduction systemReview of the conduction system2.2.EKG waveforms and intervalsEKG waveforms and intervals3.3.EKG leadsEKG leads4.4.Determinin heart rateDeterminin heart rate!.!.Determinin "R# a$isDeterminin "R# a$is %he &ormal 'onduction #ystem%he &ormal 'onduction #ystem (hat is an EKG)(hat is an EKG)%he electrocardioram *EKG+ is a %he electrocardioram *EKG+ is a re,resentation of the electrical events of the re,resentation of the electrical events of the cardiac cycle.cardiac cycle.Each event has a distinctive waveform- the Each event has a distinctive waveform- the study of which can lead to reater insiht study of which can lead to reater insiht into a ,atient.s cardiac ,atho,hysioloy.into a ,atient.s cardiac ,atho,hysioloy. (hat ty,es of ,atholoy can we identify (hat ty,es of ,atholoy can we identify and study from EKGs)and study from EKGs)/rrhythmias/rrhythmias0yocardial ischemia and infarction0yocardial ischemia and infarction1ericarditis1ericarditis'ham2er hy,ertro,hy'ham2er hy,ertro,hyElectrolyte distur2ances *i.e. hy,er3alemia- Electrolyte distur2ances *i.e. hy,er3alemia- hy,o3alemia+hy,o3alemia+Dru to$icity *i.e. dio$in and drus which Dru to$icity *i.e. dio$in and drus which ,rolon the "% interval+,rolon the "% interval+ (aveforms and 4ntervals(aveforms and 4ntervals EKG 5eadsEKG 5eads5eads are electrodes which measure the 5eads are electrodes which measure the difference in electrical ,otential 2etween difference in electrical ,otential 2etween either6either61. %wo different ,oints on the 2ody *2i,olar leads+ 1. %wo different ,oints on the 2ody *2i,olar leads+2. One ,oint on the 2ody and a virtual reference ,oint2. One ,oint on the 2ody and a virtual reference ,oint with 7ero electrical ,otential- located in the center ofwith 7ero electrical ,otential- located in the center of the heart *uni,olar leads+ the heart *uni,olar leads+ EKG 5eadsEKG 5eads%he standard EKG has 12 leads6 %he standard EKG has 12 leads6 3 #tandard 5im2 5eads3 /umented 5im2 5eads8 1recordial 5eads%he a$is of a ,articular lead re,resents the view,oint from%he a$is of a ,articular lead re,resents the view,oint from which it loo3s at the heart. which it loo3s at the heart. #tandard 5im2 5eads#tandard 5im2 5eads #tandard 5im2 5eads#tandard 5im2 5eads /umented 5im2 5eads/umented 5im2 5eads /ll 5im2 5eads/ll 5im2 5eads 1recordial 5eads1recordial 5eads/da,ted from6 www.numed.co.u39electrode,l.html 1recordial 5eads1recordial 5eads #ummary of 5eads#ummary of 5eads5im2 5eads5im2 5eads1recordial 5eads1recordial 5eadsBi,olarBi,olar4- 44- 4444- 44- 444*standard lim2 leads+ *standard lim2 leads+::;ni,olar;ni,olara