Eitzen13e.chapter14.lecture.ppt 193996
Transcript of Eitzen13e.chapter14.lecture.ppt 193996
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Social Problems, 13eD. Stanley Eitzen
Maxine Baca Zinn
Kelly Eitzen Smith
Chapter 14The Economy and Work
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The Economy and Work
CH
AP
TE
R 1
4
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Learning Objectives
14.1 Explain the major differences and critiques
of capitalism and socialism.
14.2 Describe the transformation of the U.S.
economy from industrialized to an
information/service economy.
14.3 Understand how the structure of work is a
major source of social problems.
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14.1 - Capitalism and Socialism
• Capitalism
• Socialism
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LO 14.1 - Capitalism
• Four conditions must be present for
pure capitalism:– Private ownership of property
– Personal profit
– Competition
– Laissez-faire government
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LO 14.1 - Socialism
• Five principles:– Democratism
– Egalitarianism
– Community
– Public ownership of production
– Planning for common purposes
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LO 14.1
For socialism to operate in its ideal form, the
government needs to be __________.
A. laissez-faire
B. totalitarian
C. democratic
D. authoritarian
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LO 14.1
For socialism to operate in its ideal form, the
government needs to be __________.
A. laissez-faire
B. totalitarian
C. democratic
D. authoritarian
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LO 14.1
The United States is purely capitalistic.
A. True
B. False
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LO 14.1
The United States is purely capitalistic.
A. True
B. False
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14.2 - Mega Economic Trends
• Globalization
• The Transformation of the Economy:
From Manufacturing to Services
• The Changing Nature of Jobs
• The Great Recession (2007–2010 and
Beyond)
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LO 14.2 - Globalization
• The processes by which people are increasingly
interconnected economically, politically,
culturally, and environmentally
• Global Trade
• Capital Flight
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Container ships enter U.S. ports with goodsproduced elsewhere to be sold here. Themerchandise is relatively cheap, but there isa high cost in fewer jobs for U.S. workers.
LO 14.2
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LO 14.2 -The Transformation of the Economy:
From Manufacturing to Services
• Structural transformation of the economy
– From agricultural to manufacturing
– From manufacturing to a service and
information
• Offshoring
• Outsourcing
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LO 14.2 - The Changing Nature of Jobs
• Rapid adjustment
• “Creative destruction”
• Sunset Industries
• Contingent work
• Homeshoring/homesourcing
• Sunrise industries
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LO 14.2 - Explorer Activity: Work and the
Economy: Stanford and the Silicon Valley
http://www.socialexplorer.com/pearson/plink.
aspx?dest=http%3a%2f%2fwww.socialexp
lorer.com%2fSpiceMap%2f%3fv%3d6fe42
0b8f0144079
Please log into MySocLab with your
username and password before accessing
this link.
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LO 14.2 - Video: ABC 20/20: The Ultimate
Rags to Riches Story
http://abavtooldev.pearsoncmg.com/sbx_vid
eoplayer_v2/simpleviewer.php?projectID=M
SocL_ABC2008&clipID=The_Ultimate_Rags
_To_Riches_Story.flv&ui=2
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LO 14.2
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LO 14.2 - The Great Recession (2007-2010
and Beyond)
• Prelude to the Economic Crisis
• The Ensuing Economic Crisis
– Unemployment
– Housing woes
– Financial decline
– Personal bankruptcies
– Downward social mobility
– Poverty
– Hunger
– The new homeless
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LO 14.2
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Some areas of the U.S.experienced seriousdeclines in housingvalues during the GreatRecession, resultingin distress sales, foreclosures, and owners walking away from their mortgages.
LO 14.2
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LO 14.2
In any economic shift, there will be
__________, but the most recent shift was
rapid and did not allow people to adjust to
the new economy.
A. displaced workers
B. decreased unemployment
C. housing changes
D. job security
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LO 14.2
In any economic shift, there will be
__________, but the most recent shift was
rapid and did not allow people to adjust to
the new economy.
A. displaced workers
B. decreased unemployment
C. housing changes
D. job security
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LO 14.2
The unemployment rate underestimates the
problems of a changing economy.
A. True
B. False
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LO 14.2
The unemployment rate underestimates the
problems of a changing economy.
A. True
B. False
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14.3 - Work and Social Problems
• Control of Workers
• Alienation
• Dangerous Working Conditions
• Sweatshops
• Unions and Their Decline
• Discrimination in the Workplace: Perpetuation of Inequality
• Job Insecurity
• Benefits Insecurity
• Increased Workload
• Worker Compensation
• The Problem: Workers or Jobs?
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LO 14.3 - Control of Workers
• Adverse working conditions
• Scientific management
• Bureaucratic control
• Monitoring
• Extortion
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LO 14.3 - Alienation
• Separation of human beings from each
other, from themselves, and from the
products they create
• Karl Marx
– Worker alienation = unfulfilled personal
satisfaction
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LO 14.3 - Dangerous Working Conditions
• Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA)
• Occupational dangers
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LO 14.3 - Sweatshops
• Substandard work environment
• Most likely in the garment industry
– Modern-day slavery
• Use of children
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LO 14.3 - Unions and Their Decline
• In the past, labor unions have been
extremely important in changing
management–labor relations.
• 1950s membership: 35 percent
• 2010 membership: 11.9 percent
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LO 14.3 - Discrimination in the Workplace:
Perpetuation of Inequality
• Equal Employment Opportunity
Commission
– Handles charges of discrimination
– 50,000 complaints filed annually
• Segmented Labor Market
• Male Dominance at Work
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LO 14.3 - Job Insecurity
• Official unemployment rate is misleading
– Discouraged workers
• Reserve army of the unemployed
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LO 14.3
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LO 14.3
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LO 14.3 - Benefits Insecurity
• U.S. corporations have been reducing
benefits to workers
– Bankruptcy
– Two-tiered system
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LO 14.3 - Increased Workload
• Three reasons for increased workload:
– Wage gap creates incentive to work more
– Lower wages and increased expense of
housing, transportation
– Businesses require more hours to offset costs
of hiring new employees
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LO 14.3 - Worker Compensation
• Median income fell 9.8 percent from the
beginning of the Great Recession
– Healthcare costs rose
– College tuition increased
– Worker productivity rose
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LO 14.3
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LO 14.3 - The Problem: Workers or Jobs?
• Jobs have been replaced by machines
• Available jobs pay minimum wage or
slightly above with few if any benefits
• The problem is structural
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LO 14.3
As corporations move overseas and
machines replace workers, wages are
__________.
A. increasing
B. depressed
C. equalizing
D. unionize
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As corporations move overseas and
machines replace workers, wages are
__________.
A. increasing
B. depressed
C. equalizing
D. unionize
LO 14.3
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The wage gap creates incentive to work
more.
A. True
B. False
LO 14.3
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The wage gap creates incentive to work
more.
A. True
B. False
LO 14.3
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Discuss the changing economic structure of
the United States and how it will impact
workers over the next couple generations.
LO 14.3
Question for Discussion