Web 2.0 describes web sites that use technology beyond the static pages of earlier web sites. The

term was coined in 1999 by Darcy DiNucci and was popularized by Tim O'Reilly at the O'Reilly

Media Web 2.0 conference in late 2004. Although Web 2.0 suggests a new version of the World

Wide Web, it does not refer to an update to any technical specification, but rather to cumulative

changes in the way web pages are made and used.

A Web 2.0 site may allow users to interact and collaborate with each other in a social

media dialogue as creators of user-generated content in a virtual community, in contrast to

websites where people are limited to the passive viewing of content. Social networks are

considered to be web 2.0. What does this mean? To understand this, it's important to understand

what the original web did (often called web 1.0). Back in the nineties, the internet - or web - was

a place to go to read articles, listen to music, get information, etc. Most people didn't contribute

to the sites. They just 'browsed' the sites and took advantage of the information or resources

provided. Of course, some people did create their own sites. However, creating a site was difficult.

You needed to know basic HTML coding (the original language the internet uses to 'code' pages).

It certainly wasn't something most people wanted to do as it could take hours to get a basic page

just right. Things began to get easier when blogs (from web log) were introduced. With blogs,

many more people began writing 'posts', as well as commenting on other people's blogs.

Please answer to each statement below with either “true” or “false”.

a. Web 2.0refers to technologically advanced version of web site development technique.

b. Internet users can passively access Web 2.0 sites and read the contents.

c. Most internet users rarely contribute the sites before web 2.0.

acoined word: 신조어

cumulative: 누적되는

be popularized: 유명하게 되다

user-generated (created) content(UCC): 사용자 제작 컨텐츠

HTML (Hyper Text Mark-up Language): 웹사이트를 만드는데 사용되는 컴퓨터 언어

coding: 프로그램 언어를 써서 프로그램을 만드는 것

blog: 개인이나 단체의 게시판으로 이를 통해 정보를 빠르게 전달한다.

a. Do you have your blog or homepage? Do you frequently visit others’ blog?

b. What are the advantages and disadvantages of offensive comments at the personal blogs and

homepages?

c. If one of your close friends suffer from malicious commentary over the internet, how do you

console him/her?

Please write a letter to your friend who is suffering from offensive commentary over the internet.

The comments can be true or false. Nobody knows but your friend about the truth.

Team building is a philosophy of job design in which employees are viewed as members of

interdependent teams instead of as individual workers. Team building (which is correctly spelled

with two words) refers to a wide range of activities, presented to businesses, schools, sports teams,

religious or nonprofit organizations designed for improving team performance. Team building is

pursued via a variety of practices, and can range from simple bonding exercises to complex

simulations and multi-day team building retreats designed to develop a team (including group

assessment and group-dynamic games), usually falling somewhere in between. It generally sits

within the theory and practice of organizational development, but can also be applied to sports

teams, school groups, and other contexts. Team building is not to be confused with "team

recreation" that consists of activities for teams that are strictly recreational. Team building can also

be seen in day-to-day operations of an organization and team dynamic can be improved through

successful leadership. Team building is said to have benefits of self-development, positive

communication, leadership skills and the ability to work closely together as a team to solve

problems.

Work environments tend to focus on individuals and personal goals, with reward & recognition

singling out the achievements of individual employees. Team building can also refer to the

process of selecting or creating a team from scratch. When assembling a team it is very important

to consider the overall dynamic of the team.

Please answer to each statement below with either “true” or “false”.

a. Team building refers to a wide range of activities designed for improving team performance.

b. Team building is similar to “team recreation” that consists of activities for teams that are strictly

recreational.

c. Team building can also refer to starting a team with new members.

refers to: ~을 참고하다.

bonding: 유대, 결합

pursue: (어떤 일을 어느 정도의 기간을 두고) 밀고 나가다[해 나가다] 예문닫기

retreats: 후퇴하다.

singling out: 선정하다. 뽑아내다

a. What makes a team building activity successful? Discuss.

b. How has team building activities helped your work environment?

c. Do you prefer “team recreation” activities to team building activities? Support your answer.

Write a list of differences between team recreation and team building? Please explain in detail as

much as possible

Unit 3. Brain Drain

Brain drain, which is the action of having highly skilled and educated people leaving their country

to work abroad, has become one of the developing countries concern. Brain drain is also referred

to as human capital flight. More and more third world science and technology educated people

are heading for more prosperous countries seeking higher wages and better working conditions.

This has of course serious consequences on the sending countries. While many people believe

that immigration is a personal choice that must be understood and respected, others look at the

phenomenon from a different perspective. What makes those educated people leave their

countries should be seriously considered and a distinction between push and pull factors must be

made. The push factors include low wages and lack of satisfactory working and living conditions.

Social unrest, political conflicts and wars may also be determining causes. The pull factors,

however, include intellectual freedom and substantial funds for research.

Brain drain has negative impact on the sending countries economic prospects and

competitiveness. It reduces the number of dynamic and creative people who can contribute to the

development of their country. Likewise, with more entrepreneurs taking their investments abroad,

developing countries are missing an opportunity of wealth creation. This has also negative

consequences on tax revenue and employment. Most of the measures taken so far have not had

any success in alleviating the effects of brain drain. A more global view must take into

consideration the provision of adequate working and living conditions in the sending countries.

Another option should involve encouraging the expatriates to contribute their skill to the

development of their countries without necessarily physically relocating.

Please answer to each statement below with either “true” or “false”.

a. Brain drain has been a bigger problem to developing countries.

b. There are push and pull factors considered by educated people before leaving their countries.

c. When entrepreneurs take their investments abroad, their home countries lose sources of wealth.

Brain Drain: 인재유출

prosperous: 번창한, 번영한

consequences: 결과

distinction: 차별

alleviate: 완화하다

expatriate: 해외 파견 근무 직원

a. Which country would you consider if you want to go immigration in the future? Why?

b. Among the pull factors cited, would you rather go for intellectual freedom or substantial funds

for research?

c. The Korean government gave many incentives to incoming scientists who were educated in

developed countries decades ago. Do you think that policy contributed a lot to the

development of Korea?

There are many illegal immigrants in Korea recently. Should we allow them to stay in Korea or not?

Please summarize your opinion briefly.

A good citizen is one who properly fulfills his or her role as a citizen. There are many opinions as

to what constitutes a good citizen. Theodore Roosevelt said, "The first requisite of a good citizen

in this Republic of ours is that he shall be able and willing to pull his weight.” Education is

sometimes viewed as a prerequisite to good citizenship, in that it helps citizens make good

decisions and deal with demagogues who would delude them. Roger Soder writes that in

a democracy, where the demands of good citizenship are placed upon all, "only the common

schools can provide to all the education that all need.” Science literacy is also frequently touted

as a key to good citizenship. Good citizenship is sometimes viewed as requiring both intellectual

skills (such as critical thinking) and participatory skills (such as deliberating civilly, monitoring the

government, building coalitions, managing conflict peacefully and fairly, and petitioning, speaking

or testifying before public bodies).

Henry David Thoreau wrote that men who serve the state making "no free exercise whatever of

the judgment or of the moral sense...are commonly esteemed good citizens.” Orit Ichilov notes

that children "tend to perceive the government in the image of an ideal father that is benevolent

and protective. At this stage, the good citizen is characterized as one who, through his behavior,

proves himself one worthy of the love and protection of the government rather than one

possessing certain political obligations and rights." Through their early school years, children

usually continue to think in apolitical terms of their citizenship, expressing loyalty by their desire

to remain in their country due to an attachment to its beauty, wildlife, and good people. By age

twelve or thirteen, they begin referring more to political qualities, such as the nature and values of

the regime. High school seniors define the good citizen primarily in political terms. Some students

define good citizenship in terms of standing up for what one believes in. Joel

Westheimer identifies the personally responsible citizen (who acts responsibly in his community,

e.g. by donating blood), the participatory citizen (who is an active member of community

organizations and/or improvement efforts) and the justice-oriented citizen (who critically assesses

social, political, and economic structures to see beyond surface causes) as three different types of

"good citizen.”

Please answer to each statement below with either “true” or “false”.

a. Education is the first requisite of a good citizen.

b. Generally teenagers have no interest on political aspects.

c. Participatory citizen means the person who acts responsibly in their community.

constitutes: ~으로 이루어지다

prerequisite: 전제조건

demagogue: 선동가, 선동정치가

tout: 장점을 내세우다.

apolitical 정치에 관심이 없는

a. What to you is a good citizen? Explain in detail.

b. Why is there a need to define “good citizen”?

c. Do you think the definition of “good citizen” will change in time? Does it depend on country

also?

Please write a list of whom you think are good Korean citizens with your personal perspective as

to why you think they are good citizens.

A stereotype is a fixed idea that people have about what specific social groups or individuals are

like, especially an idea that is wrong. Other terms that are associated with the term stereotype

are prejudice and cliché. The term has a Greek origin: stereos means solid or firm and typos

mean blow, impression, engraved or mark. The term was first used in the printing business. The

first modern English use of the term was in 1850, meaning "image perpetuated without change."

Because stereotypes are standardized and simplified ideas of groups, based on some prejudices,

they are not derived from objective facts, but rather subjective and often unverifiable ideas. As

Sociologist Charles E. Hurst states "One reason for stereotypes is the lack of personal, concrete

familiarity that individuals have with persons in other racial or ethnic groups. Lack of familiarity

encourages the lumping together of unknown individuals".

The existence of stereotypes may be explained by the need of groups of people to view

themselves as more normal or more superior than other groups. Consequently, stereotypes may

be used to justify ill-founded prejudices or ignorance and prevent people of stereotyped groups

from entering or succeeding in various activities or fields. The stereotyping group are, generally,

reluctant to reconsider their attitudes and behavior towards stereotyped group. Stereotypes may

affect people negatively. This includes forming inaccurate and distorted images and opinions of

people. Stereotypes may also be used for scapegoating or for making general erroneous

judgments about people. Some stereotyping people may feel comfortable when they prevent

themselves from emotional identification with the stereotyped group, which leads to xenophobic

or racist behavior. Finally another serious consequence of stereotypes is the feeling of inferiority

that the stereotyped people may have and which may impair their performance.

Please answer to each statement below with either “true” or “false”.

a. Stereotypes are standardized and simplified ideas of groups and are derived from objective

facts.

b. The term stereotype was first used in the printing business.

c. Stereotypes may help people become successful in their respective fields.

d. Stereotypes may also be used for making general erroneous judgments about people.

stereotype: 고정관념

cliché: 진부한 생각

perpetuate: 영구화하다, 영속시키다

lump together: 뭉치다

prejudice: 편견

scapegoat: 희생양으로 삼다

ethnic: 민족(종족)의

a. What is the most disgusting stereotyped notion in our society?

b. What are the negative points of stereotype and stereotyped persons?

c. We can see many stereotyped groups that have extreme opinion politically in our society.

How can we compromise their opinions?

Please write down briefly the differences and similarities between the stereotypes and beliefs.

Education encompasses both the teaching and learning of knowledge, proper conduct, and

technical competency. It thus focuses on the cultivation of skills, trades or professions, as well as

mental, moral and aesthetic development. Formal education consists of systematic instruction,

teaching and training by professional teachers. This consists of the application of pedagogy and

the development of curricula. The right to education is a fundamental human right. Since 1952,

the first Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights obliges all signatory parties to

guarantee the right to education. At world level, the United Nations' International Covenant on

Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966 guarantees this right as well.

Educational systems are established to provide education and training, often for children and the

young. A curriculum defines what students should know, understand and be able to do as the

result of education. A teaching profession delivers teaching which enables learning, and a system

of policies, regulations, examinations, structures and funding enables teachers to teach to the best

of their abilities. Sometimes educational systems can be used to promote doctrines or ideals as

well as knowledge, which is known as social engineering. This can lead to political abuse of the

system, particularly in totalitarian states and government.

Primary (or elementary) education consists of the first years of formal, structured education. In

general, primary education consists of six or seven years of schooling starting at the age of 5 or 6,

although this varies between, and sometimes within, countries. Globally, around 70% of primary-

age children are enrolled in primary education, and this proportion is rising. In most

contemporary educational systems of the world, secondary education consists of the second years

of formal education that occur during adolescence. It is characterized by transition from the

typically compulsory, comprehensive primary education for minors, to the optional, selective

tertiary, "post-secondary", or "higher" education (e.g., university, vocational school) for adults.

Higher education, also called tertiary, third stage, or post secondary education, is the non-

compulsory educational level that follows the completion of a school providing a secondary

education, such as a high school or secondary school. Tertiary education is normally taken to

include undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as vocational education and training.

Colleges and universities are the main institutions that provide tertiary education. Collectively,

these are sometimes known as tertiary institutions. Tertiary education generally results in the

receipt of certificates, diplomas, or academic degrees.

Please answer to each statement below with either “true” or “false”.

a. Education focuses on the cultivation of skills, trades or professions, as well as mental, moral

and aesthetic development

b. Only the European countries guarantee the human right to education.

c. Educational systems are used to promote doctrines or ideals as well as knowledge.

d. Secondary education means the transition from primary education for minors to higher

education for adults?

pedagogy: 교육학

encompass: 포함하다.

covenant: 계약

aesthetic: 심미적인

adolescence: 청소년기

tertiary: 제3의, 삼차의

a. What do you think is the most important level of education; primary, secondary or tertiary?

Explain your answer.

b. Do you agree that education is a right and not a privilege? Justify your answer.

c. How does the educational system work in your country?

What do you think is the weakest point in Korean education system? Please write your opinion

briefly.

If you want a brief history of information technology, here is one. Humans were the first

"computers". Then machines were invented to carry out the computational tasks. Now these

machines have given way to a new form of information technology. Information has become

accessible from anywhere. Information technology (IT) is the application

of computers and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate

data often in the context of a business or other enterprise. The term is commonly used as a

synonym for computers and computer networks, but it also encompasses other information

distribution technologies such as television and telephones. Several industries are associated with

information technology, such as computer

hardware, software, electronics, semiconductors, internet, telecom equipment, e-commerce and

computer services.

In a business context, the Information Technology Association of America has defined information

technology as "the study, design, development, application, implementation, support or

management of computer-based information systems". The responsibilities of those working in

the field include network administration, software development and installation, and the planning

and management of an organization's technology life cycle, by which hardware and software is

maintained, upgraded and replaced. Humans have been storing, retrieving, manipulating and

communicating information since the Sumerians in Mesopotamia developed writing in about

3000 BC, but the term information technology in its modern sense first appeared in a 1958 article

published in the Harvard Business Review; authors Harold J. Leavitt and Thomas L. Whisler

commented that "the new technology does not yet have a single established name. We shall call

it information technology (IT).” Based on the storage and processing technologies employed, it is

possible to distinguish four distinct phases of IT development: pre-mechanical (3000 BC –

1450 AD), mechanical (1450–1840), electromechanical (1840–1940) and electronic (1940–present).

Please answer to each statement below with either “true” or “false”.

a. The term of Information Technology is a synonym for computers and computer networks.

b. Humans have been storing, retrieving, manipulating and communicating information since

1958.

c. Based on the storage and processing technologies employed, IT is possibly distinguished by

four distinct phases.

computational: 컴퓨터를 사용한

manipulate: 다루다.

context: 맥락, 전후사정

encompasses 포함하다 아우르다.

implementation: 이행, 실행, 완성

a. What are the merits and demerits of Information Technology in a company?

b. What would it be like if there were no computers? Explain in detail.

c. What are the advantages and disadvantages of being able to access information anywhere?

Is the development of Information Technology a gift or calamity to mankind? Write your opinion

briefly.

The best definition of Sustainable development was presented by the report Our Common

Future as "Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without

compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." Sustainable

development is thus the ability to meet the needs of the present while contributing to the future

generations’ needs. It focuses on two goals:

1. To improve the quality of life for all of the Earth's citizens.

2. To stop using up the natural resources beyond the capacity of the environment to supply

them indefinitely.

Green development is generally differentiated from sustainable development in that Green

development prioritizes what its proponents consider to be environmental sustainability over

economic and cultural considerations. In addition to that, sustainable development has underlying

concepts: the concept of 'needs', in particular the essential needs of the world's poor, to which

overriding priority should be given; and the idea of limitations imposed by the state of

technology and social organization on the environment's ability to meet present and future needs.

There is an additional focus on the present generations' responsibility to improve the future

generations' life by restoring the previous ecosystem damage and resisting to contribute to

further ecosystem damage.

Sustainable development requires action on the part of world states, governments and people.

The detrimental situation of the environment, the enormous stress upon our natural resources and

the huge gap between developed and underdeveloped countries, necessitate practical strategies

to reverse the trends. The World Commission on Environment and Development suggested seven

critical objectives for environment and development policies that follow from the concept of

sustainable development:

Reviving growth

Changing the quality of growth

Meeting essential needs and aspirations for jobs, food, energy, water and sanitation

Ensuring a sustainable level of population

Conserving and enhancing the resource base

Reorienting technology and manage risk

Including and combining environment and economics considerations in decision-making

These recommendations are still valid; not to do things differently is dangerous and condemnable.

Slow actions would be detrimental.

Please answer to each statement below with either “true” or “false”.

a. Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without

compromising the ability of future generations.

b. Green development and sustainable development are the same concepts.

c. Practical strategies to reverse the trends of economic development are not so urgent in this

century.

sustainable development: 지속 가능한 개발

overriding: 최우선 시 되는

detrimental: 해로운

a. What do we need to do now for sustainable development?

b. How does your government try to achieve sustainable development?

c. What can you say is an improved quality of life?

Please write your own petition to congress for sustainable development.

Juvenile delinquency refers to antisocial or illegal behavior by children or adolescents and is

considered a serious problem all over the world. It is caused by social, economic and cultural

factors. This juvenile criminality is apparent in marginal sectors of urban areas where children are

exposed to violence in their immediate social environment, either as observers or as victims.

Because delinquents basic education, if they have any, is poor they have been marginalized from

society and destitute of any dignity or self-esteem. Although most legal systems prescribe specific

procedures for dealing with young criminals, such as juvenile detention centers and suppression,

approaches to prevent youth from becoming delinquent should also include measures to instill

equality and justice, fight poverty and create an atmosphere of hope and peace among youth.

These preventive policies should be given priorities over any coercive measures.

Socioeconomic opportunities and administrative services should be provided in rural areas to

discourage young people from migrating to urban areas. Similarly, youth from poor urban settings

should benefit from plans that focus on education, employment and access to leisure programs,

especially during long school holidays. Young people who drop out of school or come from

broken families should have access to specific social programs that help them become responsible

adults. Information campaigns should be planned to sensitize youth to be aware of the

detrimental effects of violence on the family, community and society, to teach them how to

communicate without violence. Focus on the importance of family should become a priority

because it is the primary institution of socialization of youth and continues to play an important

role in the prevention of juvenile delinquency and underage crime.

Please answer to each statement below with either “true” or “false”.

a. Youth from urban cities should benefit from plans that focus on education.

b. Juvenile delinquency refers to good manners and right conduct.

c. Young people who drop out of school should have access to specific social programs to

become responsible.

juvenile: 청소년

delinquency: 비행

marginalized group: 소외 집단

destitute: 극빈한

detention : 구금

suppression 진압, 억제

a. How do people end up having broken families?

b. Why is there more crime in rural areas?

c. Who should be held responsible on our kids’ social development?

Which one works better, rehabilitation or punishment? Please write your own opinion and

reasons.

The Great Wall of China, one of the greatest wonders of the world, is a series of fortification made

from, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials, generally built along an east-to-west line

across the historical northern borders of China in part to protect the Chinese Empire or its

prototypical states against intrusions by various nomadic groups or military incursions by various

warlike peoples or forces. Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century BC, these, later

joined together and made bigger, stronger, and unified are now collectively referred to as the

Great Wall. Especially famous is the wall built between 220–206 BC by the first Emperor of

China, Qin Shi Huang. Little of that wall remains. Since then, the Great Wall has on and off been

rebuilt, maintained, and enhanced; the majority of the existing wall was reconstructed during

the Ming Dynasty.

Other purposes of the Great Wall have included border controls, allowing the imposition of duties

on goods transported along the Silk Road, regulation or encouragement of trade and the control

of immigration and emigration. Furthermore, the defensive characteristics of the Great Wall were

enhanced by the construction of watch towers, troop barracks, garrison stations, signaling

capabilities through the means of smoke or fire, and the fact that the path of the Great Wall also

served as a transportation corridor. The Great Wall stretches from Shanhaiguan in the east, to Lop

Lake in the west, along an arc that roughly delineates the southern edge of Inner Mongolia. A

comprehensive archaeological survey, using advanced technologies, has concluded that the Ming

walls measure 8,850 km (5,500 mi).This is made up of 6,259 km (3,889 mi) sections of actual wall,

359 km (223 mi) of trenches and 2,232 km (1,387 mi) of natural defensive barriers such as hills

and rivers. Another archaeological survey found that the entire wall with all of its branches

measure out to be 21,196 km (13,171 mi).

One of the myths associated with the Great Wall of China is that it is the only man-made

structure that can be seen from the moon with the naked eye. The legend originated from

Richard Halliburton's book in 1938 Second Book of Marvels. However, this myth is simply not true.

Richard Halliburton's claim was contradicted by astronauts Neil Armstrongby and Yang Liwei. A

more plausible assumption would be to say that the Great Wall can be visible from a low orbit of

the earth which is not unique in this regard as many other artificial constructions can be seen

from that height.

Please answer to each statement below with either “true” or “false”.

a. The Great Wall of China was a man made structure.

b. One of the purposes of the Great Wall of China is border control and defense.

c. The majority of the existing wall was built during the Ming dynasty

d. The Great Wall of China is the only man-made structure that can be seen from the moon with

a naked eye

The Great Wall of China: 만리장성

fortification: 강화

incursion: 급습

prototypical: 원형의

delineate: 기술하다, 묘사하다

archaeological 고고학의

contradicted 부정하다. 반박하다.

plausible 이치에 맞는, 그럴듯한

a. Why should The Great Wall of China be preserved?

b. Name the other “greatest wonders of the world”. Where can they be found?

c. Going back through history, how is China related to Korea?

Please write brief report about Korea’s ancient constructions and buildings.

Pollution is the degradation of natural environment by external substances introduced directly or

indirectly. Human health, ecosystem quality and aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity may be

affected and altered permanently by pollution. Pollution occurs when ecosystems cannot get rid

of substances introduced into the environment. The critical threshold of its ability to naturally

eliminate substances is compromised and the balance of the ecosystem is broken.

The sources of pollution are numerous. The identification of these different pollutants and their

effects on ecosystems is complex. Adverse air quality can kill many organisms including humans.

Ozone pollution can cause respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, throat inflammation, chest

pain, and congestion. Water pollution causes approximately 14,000 deaths per day, mostly due to

contamination of drinking water by untreated sewage in developing countries. An estimated 500

million Indians have no access to a proper toilet, and 580 Indians die of water-related pollution

every day. Nearly 500 million Chinese lack access to safe drinking water. A 2010 analysis estimated

that 1.2 million people died prematurely in a year in China because of air pollution. In 2007 it was

estimated that in India, air pollution is believed to cause 527,700 fatalities. Studies have estimated

that the number of people killed annually in the US could be over 50,000.

Oil spills can cause skin irritations and rashes. Noise pollution induces hearing loss, high blood

pressure, stress, and sleep disturbance. Mercury has been linked to developmental deficits in

children and neurologic symptoms. Older people are majorly exposed to diseases induced by air

pollution. Those with heart or lung disorders are at additional risk. Children and infants are also at

serious risk. Lead and other heavy metals have been shown to cause neurological problems.

Chemical and radioactive substances can cause cancer and as well as birth defects. Preventing

pollution and protecting the environment necessitate the application of the principles of

sustainable development. We have to consider to satisfy the needs of today without

compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. This means that we should

remedy existing pollution, but also anticipate and prevent future pollution sources in order to

protect the environment and public health.

Please answer to each statement below with either “true” or “false”.

d. Pollution occurs when ecosystems fail to get rid of harmful substances.

e. Pollutants and its effect on environment and human are clearly identified these days.

f. In 2010, approximately 1.2 million died in China because of air pollution.

g. Lead causes developmental deficits in children and neurologic symptoms.

terrestrial: 육생의 (terrestrial life 지구 생명체)

degradation 저하, 악화

adverse: 부정적인

respiratory: 호흡기관의

cardiovascular: 심혈관의

inflammation: 염증

sewage 하수, 오물

irritation: 자극, 과민증

rash: 발진 (heat rash 땀띠)

d. When do you feel the air is polluted?

e. Do you think the efforts of government and Korean citizens to reduce the pollution are

enough? What was the most notable action to have contributed to environment?

f. What do you think about the radioactive contamination caused by Hukushima nuclear power

plant in Japan?

Write your opinion whether reducing nuclear power plant policy is right or not?

Climate encompasses the statistics of temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, rainfall,

atmospheric particle count and other meteorological elements in a given region over a long

period of time. Climate can be contrasted to weather, which is the present condition of these

same elements and their variations over shorter time periods. Climate may be inherently variable

as evidenced by the irregularity of the seasons from one year to another. This variability is normal

and may remain partially understood. It is related to changes in ocean currents, volcanic eruptions,

solar radiation and other components of the climate system. In addition, our climate also has its

extremes (such as floods, droughts, hail and typhoon), which can be devastating. However, in

recent decades, a number of indicators and studies show more and more evidence of climate

warming across the globe. A disturbing phenomenon that challenges human habits and activities

which are responsible for greenhouse gas emissions.

The greenhouse effect is the process by which absorption and emission of infrared radiation by

gases in the atmosphere warm a planet's lower atmosphere and surface. The concentrations of

CO2 and methane have increased by 36% and 148% respectively since 1750. Over the last three

decades of the 20th century, GDP (Gross Domestic Product) per capita and population growth

were the main drivers of increases in greenhouse gas emissions. CO2 emissions are continuing to

rise due to the burning of fossil fuels and land-use change.

There are two major effects of global warming: the increase of temperature on the earth by about

3° to 5° C (5.4° to 9° Fahrenheit) by the year 2100 and rise of sea levels by at least 25 meters (82

feet) by the year 2100. Other consequences are listed below:

Sea levels are rising due to thermal expansion of the ocean, in addition to melting of land ice.

Amounts and patterns of precipitation are changing.

Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns increase the frequency, duration, and

intensity of other extreme weather events, such as floods, droughts, heat waves, and

tornadoes.

Higher or lower agricultural yields, further glacial retreat, reduced summer stream flows,

species extinctions.

Diseases like malaria are returning into areas where they have been extinguished earlier.

Please answer to each statement below with either “true” or “false”.

a. The terminology climate and whether can be used identically.

b. The variability of the climate is abnormal and hardly can be understood in recent decades.

c. The greenhouse effect has been caused by absorption and emission of infrared radiation by

gases in the atmosphere.

d. Rising of sea levels and melting land ice have no close relation.

meteorological: 기상학의

inherently: 선천적으로

devastate: 황폐화시키다

precipitation: 강수량

greenhouse gas 온실가스

infrared radiation: 적외선

glacial: 빙하의

a. Do you think economic development without environment destruction is possible in less

developed countries?

b. What are the climate changes that could have been noticed in Korea for recent decades?

c. GDP is understood as economic power of a country. But the adverse effect of pollution is not

considered. What is your idea to introduce this negative effect in GDP?

Please make your action plan if you will face the drastic situation like movie “The Day after

Tomorrow” next week.