Einführung in stationäre Batteriespeicher mit Fallstudie in ......Economical analysis Storage...

55
r.e.sponsible for your success. r.e.sponsible for your success. Einführung in stationäre Batteriespeicher mit Fallstudie in Sambia RPC Kolloquium München, 11. Mai 2017 Dipl.-Ing. Peter Hussinger BayWa r.e. solar projects

Transcript of Einführung in stationäre Batteriespeicher mit Fallstudie in ......Economical analysis Storage...

Page 1: Einführung in stationäre Batteriespeicher mit Fallstudie in ......Economical analysis Storage company assessment 5. Conclusion and outlook Agenda RPC Kolloquium - München, 11. Mai

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Einführung in stationäre Batteriespeichermit Fallstudie in Sambia

RPC Kolloquium

München, 11. Mai 2017

Dipl.-Ing. Peter Hussinger

BayWa r.e. solar projects

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1. What is a battery storage system

2. Types of battery storage systems

3. Current and future application

4. Case study: PV-Battery system for a farm in Zambia

Project description and challenges

Technical solution

Economical analysis

Storage company assessment

5. Conclusion and outlook

Agenda

RPC Kolloquium - München, 11. Mai 2017

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What is a battery storage system and what's the difference between power and energy

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A Battery converts electrical energy by a redox reaction into chemical energy.

If required, stored chemical energy will be converted into electrical energy

Very important: kW and kWh are two different units!

The energy is given with the unit kWh and the power in kW

Principe bottle (capacity/energy in kWh and the bottleneck is the power in kW)

Power in kW

Energy/capacity in kWh

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A battery storage system consists more than just battery cells

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Battery Management

system

AC-connectionDC =

~~~

Battery Storage

Battery Cells Battery Module

Inverter

Energy Management

SystemLoads or

generators

Battery storage system

Power flow

Communication

Battery storage systems

consists of:

• Battery storage

• Battery module

• Cells

• Housing

• Battery management

(BMS)

• If necessary, fan and

housing

• Inverter

• If necessary energy

management system

(EMS)

• Housing, possibly with

fan / can also be

container format

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A battery storage system consists more than just battery cells

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Battery storage systems

consists of:

• Battery storage

• Battery module

• Cells

• Housing

• Battery management

(BMS)

• If necessary, fan and

housing

• Inverter

• If necessary energy

management system

(EMS)

• Housing, possibly with

fan / can also be

container format

Source: Quinous GmbH

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Every cycle causes losses

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• A cycle – electricity get in and electricity get out (round trip efficiency)

• Every cycle causes energy loss!

• the inverter goes twice in the overall efficiency !

Losses

inverter

Battery

charging

losses

self discharge

Electrical

energy

Losses

inverter

Battery

discharging

losses

Ele

ctr

ica

l

en

erg

y in

pu

t

Ele

ctr

ica

l

en

erg

y o

utp

ut

Chemically stored energy Electrical

energy

1 cycle (Lithium 84 to 92% efficiency)

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1. What is a battery storage system

2. Types of battery storage systems

3. Current and future application

4. Case study: PV-Battery system for a farm in Zambia

Project description and challenges

Technical solution

Economical analysis

Storage company assessment

5. Conclusion and outlook

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Agenda

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There are more storage technologies available than batteries

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Classification Storage Type Energy form of storage

Mechanical

Chemical

Electrical

Thermal

Fly wheel

Pumped Hydro

Compressed air

Battery Storage

Hydrogen

Power to gas

Coil

Capacitor

Heat storage

Rotational energy of the mass

Potential energy of water

Kinetic energy of the gas

Chemical energy by redox reactions

Chemical energy by redox reactions

Chemical energy in the form of gas (Methane)

Electrical Energy in Magnetic field

Electrical Energy in Electrical field

Thermal energy particle motion

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For PV applicationsbatteries are the best storage solution for now

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Dimensions for

batteries with PV

• Power range

from kW

to MW solutions

• Storage duration

from minutes

to a couple

of hours

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Technical mature is at the moment lead acid and li-ion batteries

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Relevant Range

• Lead acid batteries are

mature

• Li-Ion batteries are well

mature today

• Other technologies are in

development or market

launch status

• Redox flow

10 kW 100 kW 1 MW 10 MW 100 MW

ma

ture

deve

lop

ed

In

deve

lop

me

nt

Field tests

Market launch

1 kW

Lead acid

Lithium mobil

H2 mobile

H2 stationary

Power to gas

Lithium stationary

Sodium SulphurRedox flow

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There are different battery technologies on the market

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Lithium ionLead acid Redox flow batteries Sodium-sulfur

Source: Superior Solar Source: DOE Global Energy Storage DatabaseSource: UniEnergy Technologies, LLCSource: Younicos AG

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There are different battery technologies on the market – but lithium is the state of the art

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• High efficiency

• Low maintenance cost

• Many companies are

on the market

• High price potential

due to automotive

industry

• Mature

• High maintenance

• Short life time

• Less potential of

price reduction

• High price potential

• Many players on the

market

• Too low efficiency

• High maintenance

• Not mature yet

• High price potential

• High energy density

• High operating

temperature

• Safety concerns

• Low calendar

lifetime

Standard today ChallengerPast

Lithium ionLead acid Redox flow batteries Sodium-sulfur

Source: Superior Solar Source: DOE Global Energy Storage DatabaseSource: UniEnergy Technologies, LLCSource: Younicos AG

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Lithium ion batteries

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Lithium ion batteries

Summary

• Introduced in 1992 by Sony

• Big potential in mobile/portable and now also

increasingly in stationary applications

• High energy density and complex security

measures necessary

• Long life time with medium high investment costs

Typical applications• Electro mobility

• UPS-Systems,

• Stand-alone systems

• Off-grid

• Stationary grid-connected

charging

discharging

anode (e.g. graphite)cathode (e.g. LiCoO2)

Source: Saft

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Lithium-Ion Batteries - SWOT

• Strengths • Weaknesses

• High energy density

• High power density

• Long life time

• High efficiency

• Low maintenance effort

• Complex battery management

• thermal runaway

• Still relatively high investment costs

• Sometimes cooling is necessary

• Opportunities • Threats

• Fully automated mass production of

electric vehicles leads to drastic cost

reductions

• No special requirements on site

• No gassing

• Exploitation possibilities only in a few

countries

• Expensive high performance storage is

not necessary for stationary

applications

• Acceptance problems by safety issues

Lithium ion batteries

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Two lithium ion cell chemistries dominate

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NMC (lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide)

• Used in car industry and for

stationary application

• No weakness but also no strength in

comparison to LFP

• Higher Energy density

• High cost potential caused by 2nd use

potential and relating to mass

production in car industry

LFP (Lithium iron phosphate)

• High safety

• Long life time

• Good Performance

• Lower Energy density

For stationary application both

technologies are possible

But LFP is more suitable for most

stationary applications

Page 16: Einführung in stationäre Batteriespeicher mit Fallstudie in ......Economical analysis Storage company assessment 5. Conclusion and outlook Agenda RPC Kolloquium - München, 11. Mai

r.e.sponsible for your success.

1. What is a battery storage system

2. Types of battery storage systems

3. Current and future application

4. Case study: PV-Battery system for a farm in Zambia

Project description and challenges

Technical solution

Economical analysis

Storage company assessment

5. Conclusion and outlook

Agenda

RPC Kolloquium - München, 11. Mai 2017

16

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Possible applications for battery storage

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Control

power

Voltage

stability

Spinning

reservereactive power

compensation

Restart after

black out

balancing

weak

infrastructure

Offgrid

fuel saving

Peak

shaving

Load

shifting

Uninterruptable

power supply

emergency

power

supply

self

consumption

PV

smoothing

ramping

Services for custom

installation

Services for

the grid

Mandatory for

grid connection

E-mobility

loading

infrastructure

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Custom installations and PV parksare interesting for BayWa r.e. solar projects

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Control

power

Peak

shaving

self

consumption

PV

smoothing

ramping

Services for custom

installation

Services for

the grid

Mandatory for

grid connection

Offgrid

fuel saving

balancing

weak

infrastructure

For BayWa r.e. solar projects

interesting:

• Own consumption

• Offgrid / fuel saving

• Compensation in weak

infrastructure

• PV smoothing / ramping

• Peak shaving

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Control power

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Need for control power

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• Grid frequency is depending on

generation and demand

• Generation and demand are often not

fitting together

• Goal is to keep the frequency stable

• Therefore control power is used to

balance the energy differences

• Primary control power (short time up to 15

minutes) can be served by battery storage

systems

• Countries with a weak or small grid will

may have in future a big need therefore,

especially when more renewables will be

grid connected Source: ABB

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Example project – Kolitzheim, Germany

Project parameter

• Lead acid storage system

• Four 40 feet-Container

• Power for PRL 2,6 MW

• Battery capacity ca. 4,5 MWh

• Invest cost ca. 600 €/kWh for the

storage system

• Increasing market participants

higher pressure on price likely!

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For Germany critical business case risk profile – can be feasible in other countries

or with other additional revenue streams combined

for every country detail analysis of market and framework is necessary

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PV

Smoothing /

Ramping

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Ramping / Smoothing for big PV-Parks

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• In future PV generation profile will

be required for a grid connection

• Sizing of battery depends on the

requirements of the grid operator /

utility company

• Battery system affects the

economics of the PV park

• Different control strategies are

possible

• Smoothing with mean

average

• Ramping X% / min

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Peak shaving

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Peak shaving

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• Reducing peak demand for the

electricity consumer

• Peak shaving is similar to load

leveling

• Short duration application that

requires ability for fast discharging

• Customers can save on their

utility bills by reducing peak

demand charges

In Germany: sometimes

economic with additional revenue

streams

in other countries: has to be

investigate

• Utilities can reduce the operational

costs meeting peak demand

Source: ABB

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Fuel saving

respectively

weak and off grid

applications

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Off and weak grid applications with PV hybrid systems

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• 1.3 billion people without

electricity connection

• The half of that are located

in the sub Sahara

Grid

Gen

Load

Typical system configuration:

Source: World bank

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PV and battery can replace diesel generators and allow a more efficient operation

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Over the day

• PV supplies directly the loads

• Battery will be charged

• No diesel needed

In the morning and evening

• PV supplies a part of the load

• The rest power comes from the

battery

Diesel can be off or in low power

mode

During the night:

• Diesel will supply the load.

• If it makes sense batteries will be

charged again

Shifting solar

energy to the night

Source: Clean Horizon Consulting, IFBF 2016

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But for a 24/7 power supply diesel generator is still needed

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e.g. 18/7 operation

• A 24/7 supply with only batteries

are not possible without diesel

generators or other switchable

power supply components

• With PV and battery the loads can

be supplied for up to 18 hours a

day.

• The duration is depending on the

sizing of the PV and the battery Shifting solar

energy to the night

Source: Clean Horizon Consulting, IFBF 2016

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A 24/7 power supply with PV and batteries is not economic

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• A 24/7 supply with only batteries

are not possible without diesel

generators or other switchable

power supply components

• With PV and battery the loads can

be supplied for up to 18 hours a

day.

• The duration is depending on the

sizing of the PV and the battery

• With only PV (without battery)

maximum 20% are possible!70% Diesel 0% Diesel

PV with

small battery Optimal

system size

Oversized battery

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1. What is a battery storage system

2. Types of battery storage systems

3. Current and future application

4. Case study: PV-Battery system for a farm in

Zambia

Project description and challenges

Technical solution

Economical analysis

Storage company assessment

5. Conclusion and outlook

Agenda

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Challenges of the Zambian electricity grid

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Weak grid:

• Load shedding since last years

• Normally the load shedding's are

shown on lists

• 4 to 14 hours per day

• Longer load shedding's were

expected

Unreliable electricity supply causes

problems for farmers

• Because of the load shedding's

farmers just use 60% of their

production capacity

• Alternative: farmers have to buy

diesel generators with high O&M

costs

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Pilot project on AKTC farm

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AKTC – Farm (Agriculture Knowledge & Training Centre)

• Chisamba, 60km North of capital Lusaka

• Funded by the Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (BMEL) and

Zambian agriculture ministry (MAL)

• Education of emergent farmers in cultivation methods, farming technology and

business know-how

• 62 ha and 9 ha pivots

• Cultivation of wheat and potatoes

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Goals of pilot project

• Technology demonstration meeting the needs of

farmers

• Testing the technical design of a hybrid energy

system

• Testing of a suitable operation and maintenance

concept under the particular climatic conditions

• Testing of battery storage concept under local

conditions

• Gaining relevant knowledge to be applied to future

applications

Page 35: Einführung in stationäre Batteriespeicher mit Fallstudie in ......Economical analysis Storage company assessment 5. Conclusion and outlook Agenda RPC Kolloquium - München, 11. Mai

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1. What is a battery storage system

2. Types of battery storage systems

3. Current and future application

4. Case study: PV-Battery system for a farm in Zambia

Project description and problems

Technical solution

Economical analysis

Storage company assessment

5. Conclusion and outlook

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Agenda

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Climate diagram Lusakathe need for irrgiation

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Wet period Dry period Wet period

Dry period

• 24/7 irrigation

Wet period

• 1 of 3 days 24h irrigation

Further assumption

• 24 h irrigation with full power

farmers statement

Source: iten Klimadiagramme

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Current situation

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No grid available

Current grid supply

• 10 grid outages a week

• 23 % of the week no grid availability

• Grid outages mainly between 6 a.m.

and 1 p.m.

Grid outages are not predictable

Grid outages strongly affect the

cultivation process

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Current status: grid available 16-20 hours per day

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Weak grid:

• Load shedding during the last years

• 4-8 hours per day

load shedding

• Load shedding between 6 a.m. to 8 p.m.

Grid

Loads

PumpsRest of

farm

Energy flow

Data communication

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PV-Hybrid System with grid connection 24/7 supply

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PV Hybrid System includes:

• PV Generator

• PV panels

• PV Inverter

• Island System

• Island inverter

• Battery storage system

• Energy management system

(EMS)

• Collects all important data

and controls the PV-Hybrid

System an maybe the Loads

Grid

Loads

PumpsRest

of farm

Energy flow

Data communication

PV-

GeneratorIsland

inverter

and

battery

EMS

PV-Hybrid System

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System design and sizing of components

Captive Power Plant Demonstration Unit – Management Summary

Simulation and analysis

• Chronological simulation of a typical calendar

year

• Calculation of energy flows

• different sizing of components

No grid

feed-in

allowed

max. load: 49 kW

Input data

• load analysis

• weather data

• grid outage analysis

• battery data

• PV inputs

• Cost data

Result

• Optimal system design to realize a

reliable and cost effective energy

supply for AKTC farm

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PV and battery supplies the farm for 12 hours per day

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PV restricted PV +

battery54%

grid46%

Results

• 12 hours of continuous power supply by PV + battery

• Grid supply during the night, no diesel necessary

• About PV output has to be restricted by about 1/3

• More than 50 % PV battery supply

• Outlook: Introducing a load management will result in a greater PV-battery share

Typical day - energy flow

Energy sources

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Technical solution

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Intersolar 2017 - PV-Battery system for weak grid applications

· 86 kWp PV array

· 4 wings, 260 modules

· Ballasted foundations for

relocation

· Easy cleaning· 160 kWh Li-ion battery

· 4 MPP tracker

· 39 kVA power

· Capable to meet high

inrush currents · Suitable for on-grid and

off-grid application

· Full automatic or half

automatic operation

· Remote controlled

monitoring system

· Programmable control

strategies

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1. What is a battery storage system

2. Types of battery storage systems

3. Current and future application

4. Case study: PV-Battery system for a farm in Zambia

Project description and problems

Technical solution

Economical analysis

Storage company assessment

5. Conclusion and outlook

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Agenda

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Costs for PV and battery system

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Total Life cycle costing (LCC)

PV

Battery

Investment costs

O & M

Replacing of components

Investment costs

O & M

Replacing of components

LCOE of the hybrid system = supplied energy to the farmer

LCC

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Specific costs

PV levelized cost of energy production 5.2 ct / kWh

Battery levilized cost of storage 35.8 ct / kWh

Share of renewables

share PV76%

share Battery24%

Total levelized cost of energy 13.9 ct/kWh

A

B

Total levelized cost of energy for 20 years depreciation

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Alternative:

Only Grid supply: around 10ct/kWh with load shedding

Additional Diesel Genset: LCOE for Diesel ca. 30 ct/kWh

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hours Ren per day in August Storage capacity in kWh

PV-size in kWp 75 100 125 150 175

60 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5

80 10.8 11.4 11.9 12.2 12.2

100 11.0 11.6 12.2 12.9 13.4

120 11.4 11.9 12.4 12.8 13.7

Optimal sizing of componentsPV and battery variation

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Excess PV-Generation Storage capacity in kWh

PV-size in kWp 75 100 125 150 175

60 22.8 22.4 22.0 21.5 21.1

80 29.2 26.1 23.7 22.3 21.9

100 38.9 35.7 32.7 29.9 27.3

120 46.6 43.6 40.1 37.9 35.3

LCOE in ct/kWh Storage capacity in kWh

PV-size in kWp 75 100 125 150 175

60 10.8 12.6 14.4 16.2 17.9

80 10.4 11.4 12.6 13.8 15.1

100 11.0 11.8 12.6 13.4 14.2

120 11.7 12.5 13.1 13.8 14.4

Page 47: Einführung in stationäre Batteriespeicher mit Fallstudie in ......Economical analysis Storage company assessment 5. Conclusion and outlook Agenda RPC Kolloquium - München, 11. Mai

r.e.sponsible for your success.

1. What is a battery storage system

2. Types of battery storage systems

3. Current and future application

4. Case study: PV-Battery system for a farm in Zambia

Project description and Challenges

Technical solution

Economical analysis

Storage company assessment

5. Conclusion and outlook

RPC Kolloquium - München, 11. Mai 2017

47

Agenda

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Key points to select battery storage company for offgrid and weak grid applications

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Experience References in Off-grid systems

What kind of planning software is used

Safety issues

Cell chemistry

Thermal management

O & M What are maintenance intervals

Have components to be exchanged during life time

Investment costs

What is included in the offer

What are costs for later expansion of the storage capacity

Delivery time Has the manufacture first purchase the cells and construct then the storage

Are standard components available – time advantage

Guarantee How long is the guarantee and what is included

What requirements has to be full filled

Willingness and flexibility

How flexible is the vendor

How is quality of support in technical and economical questions

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Storage company assessment

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• Four companies were

requested to make an

indicated offer

• Ten companies were

chosen for assessment

• Special focus on Off- and

Weak-Grid systems

• Type of companies range:

Start-up, medium-sized

and global players

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Experience of the storage company assessment

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General

• Significant development in the storage system market during the last years

• New companies come introducing the market

• Automobile companies like Tesla, BMW, Mercedes are going into the stationary battery market

• Consolidation of the market due the big companies is expected to happen

• Big price reduction for the next years expected (~1% per month)

• No solution after end of life of battery yet

• No one has a finance model for African farms so far

Indicate offer

• Very different delivery times (exWork 1 month up to 7 month)

• Big price difference

• Half NMC and LFP cell chemistry

• There is no general engineering tool for the system dimensioning

• Big interest to go into the Sub-Sarah market

Page 51: Einführung in stationäre Batteriespeicher mit Fallstudie in ......Economical analysis Storage company assessment 5. Conclusion and outlook Agenda RPC Kolloquium - München, 11. Mai

r.e.sponsible for your success.

1. What is a battery storage system

2. Types of battery storage systems

3. Current and future application

4. Case study: PV-Battery system for a farm in Zambia

Project description and challenges

Technical solution

Economical analysis

Storage company assessment

5. Conclusion and outlook

RPC Kolloquium - München, 11. Mai 2017

51

Agenda

Page 52: Einführung in stationäre Batteriespeicher mit Fallstudie in ......Economical analysis Storage company assessment 5. Conclusion and outlook Agenda RPC Kolloquium - München, 11. Mai

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Conclusion

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• A battery storage system is technically complex

• A storage system generates extra losses and affects the economics of a system

• There is a large variety of battery storage systems available on the market

• For now and in lithium batteries are the state of the art technology.

• There is a big cost reduction potential (currently approx. 1%/month) due to raising

production volume, primarily driven by the automotive sector

• Batteries are suitable for a number of different applications, that can be combined

• Agricultural farms in sunny, weak-grid or off-grid environment are an interesting

business case

• LCOE of ~10 ct/kWh in big systems are possible

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Storage Markets for BayWa r.e. solar projects

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Application:

• Fuel Saving

• Off-Grid and micro grid

Costumer:

• IPP and utilities

Application:

• Fuel Saving

• Balancing weak infrastructure

• Microgrid

Costumer:

• Commercial & Industrial companies

• Farmers

Application:

• Own consumption

• Peak shaving

Costumer:

• Commercial & Industrial companies

Other point of interest:

PV-Output Smoothing / Ramping

Mid 2017First pilot project realizedFinancial model End 2017Two more farm projects realized

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The Goal

Our PV-Battery system solutions have to

meet the conditions for an efficient high-

quality technical product and satisfy all

commonly accepted requirements for a

sustainable financial product.

Outlook

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r.e.thinkr.e.cycle

r.e.levant

r.e.lation r.e.duce

r.e.newable r.e.flect

r.e.sponsibler.e.liable

r.e.spect

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